International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Aug 20, 2017
Alkaline lipases are one of the most important industrial enzymes that have several uses in deter... more Alkaline lipases are one of the most important industrial enzymes that have several uses in detergents, food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, textile, leather and biomedical industries. For screening the lipase-producing bacteria, olive agar A, B, C and Rhodamine B agar were used. The best environmental conditions and their interactions for alkaline lipase production were obtained using Taguchi statistical test. Enzyme purification was carried out by ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis and SDS-PAGE, respectively. The best alkaline lipase-producing strain, WS3, isolated from Persian Gulf, was named Marinobacter alkaliphilus ABN-IAUF-1 (GenBank accession number: KP403723). The maximum enzyme activity of 37.00 (l/ml) was measured in the presence of coconut oil as the carbon source in oil broth medium after 48-h incubation at the pH 8.00 and 30 °C. The most effective factors in enzyme production were nitrogen and carbon sources with 32 and 25% of influence, respectively. Precipitation and dialysis increased the enzyme purity 1.90-2.33 times. The total enzyme activity of 925.00 ± 20.00 U in the oil broth, 96.00 ± 7.00 U after precipitation with ammonium sulfate and 60.00 ± 5.00 U after dialysis was measured. The molecular weight of alkaline lipase was measured as 55 kDa. In conclusion, this is the first report of production of alkaline lipase by a halo-alkalophilic bacterium, Marinobacter alkaliphilus ABN-IAUF-1, that was obtained from Persian Gulf, Iran. The application of enzymes produced by extremophiles such as Marinobacter alkaliphilus could be an asset in the modern environmental microbiology as well as food and industrial biotechnology.
Cheese production by native starter cultures instead of commercial ones is beneficial in respect ... more Cheese production by native starter cultures instead of commercial ones is beneficial in respect of higher quality, nutrient content, immunogenicity and having beneficial microorganism. The objective of the presented study was molecular identifying of microorganism and exploring its active ingredients in native cheese. MRS and M17 media were used to culture bacteria in 15, 37 and 45°c for 24, 48 and 72 hours and then morphologic and biochemical tests were used to identifying the species. Predominant species were detected using 16S rRNA and gene sequencing. Active ingredients and fatty acid profile was studied by GC lactobacili, lactococci and enterococci were identified as the predominant bacteria. Acid palmitic had the highest concentration among the saturated fatty acid, with 42.47%, and acid meristic and acid lauric acid were next with the 13.22% and 3.9% concentration respectively, among the unsaturated fatty acids.
The target of this study was about the evaluation of the level of consumers' knowledge on the inf... more The target of this study was about the evaluation of the level of consumers' knowledge on the information of food label in Isfahan city, Isfahan province of Iran in year 2012-2013. In this cross descriptive and analytical study, 331 of Isfahan consumers were investigated individually in 4 regions including north, south, west and east of Isfahan city. This study was a questionnaire base study. All demographical and knowledge information about label analyzed. People age ranged 16-70 and their education degree from reading-writing to bachelor. The number of men and women was the same (48.9 % women and 51.2 % men).the average of knowledge degree of consumers about information on food labels was 22.2±3.3.the amount of 41 % (with knowledge degree of 0-33) weak, 41 % (with knowledge degree of 34-66) fair, and only 18 % (with knowledge degree of 67-100) good were the results of this study. Mostly, consumers (77.9-80 %) paid attention to selecting products with label and health license.Less than 80 % of consumers consider bulk products in their household basket and 77 % always took into account the information on the labels. Consumers' range 70-70.4 % believed that the clarity of information written on the labels has the important role in their selecting. Comparing the knowledge level of consumers about health license (36.66 %), their application including health permit, production license, health monitoring ID, health permit of imports (9.06 %) with the average of consumers to standard sign (94.6 %) indicated a high value due to wide advertising and informing and sufficient training. Comparing this value with the level of consumers' knowledge about health licenses points out more informing and advertising in this case.
Background: Coronary heart diseases are inversely related to plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL... more Background: Coronary heart diseases are inversely related to plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is mainly associated with HDL and plays a vital role in protection of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between paraoxonase activity (PON1) with lipid profile, apoA-_, apoB and apoB/apoA-_ ratio in subjects with different level of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). Methods: 135 subjects, 20e60 years old, contributed to this study. The subjects were divided into three groups (45 in each group) with different levels of HDL-C (High, Normal and Low). For each group, the activity of PON1 was measured using paraoxon as a substrate. Moreover, the serum level of lipid profile, ApoA and apoB were measured. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: PON-1 activity and apoA-_ level were decreased in subjects with lower level of HDL-C (P < 0.001). ApoB and apoB/apoA-_ ratio were higher in subjects with lower level of HDL-C (P < 0.001). Serum PON-1 activity was positively correlated with TC, TG, apo A-B, and LDL-C levels (P < 0.01). Conclusions: In conclusion, determination of serum PON1 activity and lipoproteins may play important role in earlier prediction of CAD and help to design a therapeutic for treatment of CAD toward PON1 activity regulation.
Introduction: LDL oxidation by forming and growth of the fatty plaques on the walls of endothelia... more Introduction: LDL oxidation by forming and growth of the fatty plaques on the walls of endothelial is an important event in atherogenesis. Sumac plant are rich in polyphenols and flavonoids compounds, with antioxidant effects that inhibit the LDL oxidation could inhibit atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of flavonoid components sumac extract by gel filtration chromatography on LDL oxidation induced-CuSo 4 . Methods: In this experimental study, LDL was isolated by ultracentrifugation system and gradient medium. The flavonoid fractions were separated from the sumac extract using Sephadex LH-20 gel filtration technic. The LDL oxidation kinetics in the presence of sumac components flavonoid extract were investigated. The formation of oxidation induced malondialdehyde were measured by TBARS (thiobarbituric acid) method. The results showed that the flavonoid content of sumac extract significantly increased Lag time (P <0.001) on LDL oxidation kinetics curves, and the malondialdehyde resulting of the oxidation of LDL, in the presence of the extract significantly reduced. The findings show that flavonoid content sumac extract has a positive effect on reducing LDL oxidation and they are can be a good candidate for further study as well as an effective factor to remove the consequences of oxidation of LDL, such as atherosclerosis.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Oct 1, 2016
Enzyme immobilization via nanoparticles is perfectly compatible against the other chemical or bio... more Enzyme immobilization via nanoparticles is perfectly compatible against the other chemical or biological approximate to improve enzyme functions and stability. In this study lactoperoxidase was immobilized onto silicacoated magnetite nanoparticles to improve enzyme properties in the presence of cadmium chloride as an inhibitor. The process consists of the following steps: (1) preparing magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles using the co-precipitation method, (2) coating NP with silica (SiO2) by sol-gel reaction, (3) characterizations of NPs were examined by FT-IR, XRD, AGFM and TEM. (4) Immobilization of LPO on the magnetite NPs, (5) Study kinetic and stability of both free and immobilized LPO in the presence of various concentrations of cadmium chloride. The size of the Fe 3 O 4 and silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles were about 9 nm and 12 nm, respectively. The results showed that the highest immobilization yield, nearly 90 %, was attained at 240 to 300 µg of LPO at 15h. It was found that the concentration of cadmium chloride directly affects the LPO activity and changes the kinetic parameters of it. Also, the results showed that immobilized LPO has better tolerance than the free LPO, so that after immobilization, Vmax of immobilized LPO was increased and Km of immobilized LPO was decreased. The results demonstrating that the effect of immobilized lactoperoxidase on silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles increases the stability of the LPO in the presence of cadmium chloride as inhibitor. Michaelis-Menten parameters (Km and Vmax) also revealed the considerable improvement of immobilized.
Some studies showed, fetuin-A is associated with an increase in the prevalence of with nonalcohol... more Some studies showed, fetuin-A is associated with an increase in the prevalence of with nonalcoholic fatty liver.
Lactoperoxidase (LPO) is a heme peroxidase with various applications in industry and medicine. In... more Lactoperoxidase (LPO) is a heme peroxidase with various applications in industry and medicine. In this study, the effects of ectoine, as a compatible solute, on the structure, thermal stability, thermodynamic parameters, activity, and stability of LPO have been investigated. The results showed that the catalytic activity of LPO was improved by increasing ectoine concentration. The UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and FTIR spectra studies indicated that ectoine could bind to the LPO spontaneously. Moreover, ectoine increased the enzyme Tm and Gibbs free energy. The fluorescence measurements showed that LPO fluorescence was quenched in the presence of ectoine. The quenching mechanism was probably a static quenching by forming a ground state complex. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that hydrogen bonding and Vander Waals forces played a key role in the LPO-ectoine interaction process. The findings suggest that ectoine could be used as a lactoperoxidase stabilizing agent for industrial or medical purposes.
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic element, which may cause toxicity to most organs in the body. Zinc... more Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic element, which may cause toxicity to most organs in the body. Zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg) are essential minerals with probable benefits on Cd harmful effects. Finding an efficient and non-pathological treatment against Cd toxicity seems promising. Fifty adult rats were divided into ten experimental groups of five rats each. The Cd group was treated with 1 mg Cd/kg and the control group received 0.5 cm 3 normal saline. The other eight groups received Zn (0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg) and Mg (0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg) either alone or in combination with 1 mg Cd/kg through IP injection for 3 weeks. Testis malondialdehyde (MDA), sperm parameters, and testis histopathology were investigated. Cd reduced sperm parameters and increased testis MDA. Moreover, Cd exposure caused a significant histological damage in testis of male rats. However, Zn or Mg treatment prevented and reversed Cd toxic alterations in testis. These findings suggest that co-administration of Zn or Mg could improve cadmium testicular toxicity in male Wistar rats.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Dec 1, 2015
Introduction: Amylases are among the most important enzymes and have great significance in presen... more Introduction: Amylases are among the most important enzymes and have great significance in present-day biotechnology. Amylase with commercial applications is mainly derived from the genus Bacillus. The main purpose of this study is identification and isolatation amylase enzyme producer Bacillus, determining the amylase enzyme activity and affecting a number of culture medium on amylase enzyme production. Materials and methods: Soil, water and wastewater samples were collected from agricultural area, choghakhor lake in chahar mahal e bakhtiari province and from food factory in Esfahan. Bacillus isolates were screened for amylolytic properties by starch hydrolysis test on starch agar plate. Amylase producing Bacillus were identified biochemical tests and molecular experiments. Amylase enzyme activity of isolates was measured using di-nitro salicylic acid (DNS) method. Enzyme production was studied in variose medium culture TSB, NB, Yeast extract, molases and milk medium. Results: The enzyme amylase-producing strains, one sample showed was the highest amylase activity. The Bacillus has been detected as a member of Bacillus subtilis according to Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology and molecular recognition. The enzyme activity of Bacillus subtilis was measured 7/21 (U/ml) in production media. Trough medium culture maximum amylase production for Bacillus subtilis was achieved in molases medium. Discussion and conclusion: In this study, Bacillus subtilis strains isolated from wastewater of a significant amount of enzyme producing 7/21 (U/ml) as indicated. Among the medium-amylase from Bacillus subtilis highest enzyme activity was observed in beet molasses. According to this study, the use of Bacillus strains is an efficient way to achieve the amylase enzyme.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is considered as a common endocrinal dysfunction among adult w... more Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is considered as a common endocrinal dysfunction among adult women characterized by polycystic ovaries, anovulation, and hyperandrogenism. Irisin is associated with metabolic parameters and insulin resistance. However, the association of irisin with PCOS remains poorly delineated. This study was aimed to examine circulating irisin levels and effects of metformin on this parameter in women with PCOS. Moreover, the association of irisin with insulin resistance markers was determined. Thirty-nine females with PCOS, aged 20–40 years, participated in this study and received 500 mg of metformin once daily for 3 months. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood sugar, testosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and irisin were assayed in the studied groups. Circulating irisin was significantly higher in PCOS women. Circulating irisin levels correlated with 17-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, and insulin. Three months metformin treatment decreased circulating irisin in PCOS women and improved IR. Circulating irisin is directly associated with insulin resistance in PCOS women and may be used as a biomarker for IR in these patients. Moreover, metformin as a confounding therapy in metabolic diseases can be used to regulate circulating irisin levels in PCOS women.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of crocin consumption, high-intensity interval trainin... more This study aimed to investigate the effect of crocin consumption, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and low-intensity continuous training (LICT) and their interactive effect on the gene expression of Mfn2 and Drp1 in the skeletal muscle and serum glucose and insulin indices in high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Fifty-six adult rats were divided into eight groups of seven subjects: crocin consumption, HIIT, LICT, HIIT with crocin, LICT with crocin, diabetic control, healthy control, and sham (placebo). At the end of the course (5 months), metabolic indices were measured. Moreover, the Mfn2 and Drp1 gene expression levels in all groups were measured using RT-PCR. The statistical analysis showed that in the exercise training (HIIT and LICT) and the crocin consumption groups, the glucose and insulin indices significantly improved (p = .005). Moreover, in these groups, the levels of gene expression of Mfn2 and Drp1 significantly increased and decreased, respectively (p = .001). Exercise training and crocin consumption appear to, either in combination or individually, have a beneficial effect on mitochondrial dynamics and diabetes by improving the mitochondrial fusion and fission indices (Mfn2 and Drp1), and by modifying the insulin resistance index and glucose homeostasis. Practical applications Mfn2 and Drp1, as the main regulators of the mitochondrial fusion and fission, play an important role in maintaining mitochondrial dynamics and type 2 diabetes. Thus, the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics is an intricate process that retains the balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion, and any disturbance in this balance can lead to mitochondrial-associated diseases including insulin resistance and T2D. There is evidence that herbal antioxidants Including crocin and exercise training help improve the mitochondrial activity and insulin sensitivity in T2D. Considering the importance of the two Drp1 and Mfn1 genes in the mitochondrial dynamic pathway and coding the proteins that play a key role in relation to T2D, this study primarily examined the interactive effects of endurance training (HIIT and LICT) along with crocin consumption on the expression the genes mentioned above; the results obtained in this study can provide a new approach to the treatment of HFD + STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are responsible for the regulation of a wide range of biological... more Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are responsible for the regulation of a wide range of biological functions, among which cellular proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation could be pointed out. FGF19 controls the enterohepatic bile acid/cholesterol system, and FGF21 modulates fatty acid/glucose metabolism. Obesity, type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and cancer, all can alter FGF21 circulating concentrations. In contrast to FGF21, metabolic diseases exhibit reduced serum FGF19 levels. Accordingly, FGF19 and FGF21 play important roles in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Hence, we present here a timely review on the relationship between FGF19/21 and metabolic diseases, especially obesity, and their probable role in development and treatment of obesity seems necessary.
Fetuin-A can function as a protective inhibitor of vascular calcification in patients with chroni... more Fetuin-A can function as a protective inhibitor of vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease, and is reduced during acute inflammation.
Majallah-i taḥqīqāt-i ̒ulūm-i pizishkī-i Zāhidān, Aug 12, 2018
Background: There are many strategies to cure cancer, therefore, many drugs have been evaluated i... more Background: There are many strategies to cure cancer, therefore, many drugs have been evaluated in this field. Albendazole (ABZ), derivative of benzimidazole, has a wide range of anti human and animal worm effects. The anti tumor effect of ABZ in both animal and human clinical trials has been reported. Objectives: In the present study, the cytotoxic effect of ABZ on breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF7, and on the melanoma cell line, B16F10, were evaluated with MTT assay for the first time. Methods: Different doses of ABZ for two breast cancer cell lines and the melanoma cell line were investigated. ANOVA was employed to analyze the data. Mean comparisons were carried out by Dunnett's test in SPSS (version 18.0) statistical software. Results: The results showed that ABZ (0.1, 1, 10, 100µM) significantly reduced the viability of MCF7, the percent of declines to different concentrations of ABZ, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 µM, were 15, 32, 38, and 44 accordingly, indicating enhancement ABZ toxicity effect towards its rising concentration (P value ≤ 0.001). However, significant toxicity effect of ABZ on the MDA-MB-231 was only apparent at concentration of 100 µM with approximately 27% reduction in viability (P value ≤ 0.05). In addition, this effect on B16F10 in all ABZ concentration levels was significant, resulting in 34%, 18%, and 27% reduction in cell viability for ABZ concentrations 100, 10, and 1µM accordingly, indicating the higher impact at the first and third concentrations than second concentration (P value ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: According to the cytotoxic effects of ABZ on breast cancer and melanoma cells, it can be used as a promising adjuvant along with other chemotherapy drugs.
Cd is a toxic metal that has a destructive impact on most organ systems. This work aims to determ... more Cd is a toxic metal that has a destructive impact on most organ systems. This work aims to determine Zn or Mg protective effects against Cd renal toxicity. In this study, rats were divided into six groups. The Cd group was treated with 1 mg Cd/kg, and the control group received 0.5 cm 3 normal saline, intraperitoneally. The other four groups received one of the following dosages of 1 mg/kg Cd + 0.5 mg/kg Zn, 1 mg/kg Cd + 1.5 mg/kg Zn, 1 mg/kg Cd + 0.5 mg/kg Mg, or 1 mg/kg Cd + 1.5 mg/kg Mg through IP injection for 3 weeks. Kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine, and protein were measured. Light microscopic examination was used for histological studies. Cd reduced serum creatinine and protein, and increased urea, sodium, and potassium. Moreover, Cd exposure caused a significant enhancement in MDA levels as well as histological damage in kidneys. Zn or Mg treatment prevented and reversed toxic alterations induced by Cd. These results suggest that Zn and Mg may have protective effects against Cd renal toxicity.
Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common disorder of women at rep... more Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common disorder of women at reproductive age. Many findings indicate that genetic variations in the vitamin D receptor gene may affect PCOS development. This study was performed with aim to evaluate the associations between TaqI polymorphism in the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) and PCOS, and the association of TaqI polymorphism with gonadotropins and steroid hormones parameters in two groups of patients and control. Methods: This case-control study was performed on 77 women who had referred to fertility and infertility center of Isfahan during three months of summer 2016. 38 obese women with PCOS were selected as patient group and 39 healthy obese women as control group. Serum levels of LH, FSH, testosterone and progesterone were measured by ELISA method. The TaqI polymorphism was genotyped by using PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) technique. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 22) and independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Chi-square test. P 0.05). Serum levels of FSH (p = 0.012) and testosterone (p = 0.017) was significantly lower in control group than the patient group. There was no significant difference in serum LH and progesterone between patients and control group (P> 0.05). Also, the level of LH hormone was significantly higher in TT individuals than that of Tt / tt subjects (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Among the studied population, there was no significant relationship between tt, Tt and TT genotypes with FSH, testosterone and progesterone hormones. Therefore, it can be concluded that TaqI polymorphism was not associated with the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome.
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Aug 20, 2017
Alkaline lipases are one of the most important industrial enzymes that have several uses in deter... more Alkaline lipases are one of the most important industrial enzymes that have several uses in detergents, food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, textile, leather and biomedical industries. For screening the lipase-producing bacteria, olive agar A, B, C and Rhodamine B agar were used. The best environmental conditions and their interactions for alkaline lipase production were obtained using Taguchi statistical test. Enzyme purification was carried out by ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis and SDS-PAGE, respectively. The best alkaline lipase-producing strain, WS3, isolated from Persian Gulf, was named Marinobacter alkaliphilus ABN-IAUF-1 (GenBank accession number: KP403723). The maximum enzyme activity of 37.00 (l/ml) was measured in the presence of coconut oil as the carbon source in oil broth medium after 48-h incubation at the pH 8.00 and 30 °C. The most effective factors in enzyme production were nitrogen and carbon sources with 32 and 25% of influence, respectively. Precipitation and dialysis increased the enzyme purity 1.90-2.33 times. The total enzyme activity of 925.00 ± 20.00 U in the oil broth, 96.00 ± 7.00 U after precipitation with ammonium sulfate and 60.00 ± 5.00 U after dialysis was measured. The molecular weight of alkaline lipase was measured as 55 kDa. In conclusion, this is the first report of production of alkaline lipase by a halo-alkalophilic bacterium, Marinobacter alkaliphilus ABN-IAUF-1, that was obtained from Persian Gulf, Iran. The application of enzymes produced by extremophiles such as Marinobacter alkaliphilus could be an asset in the modern environmental microbiology as well as food and industrial biotechnology.
Cheese production by native starter cultures instead of commercial ones is beneficial in respect ... more Cheese production by native starter cultures instead of commercial ones is beneficial in respect of higher quality, nutrient content, immunogenicity and having beneficial microorganism. The objective of the presented study was molecular identifying of microorganism and exploring its active ingredients in native cheese. MRS and M17 media were used to culture bacteria in 15, 37 and 45°c for 24, 48 and 72 hours and then morphologic and biochemical tests were used to identifying the species. Predominant species were detected using 16S rRNA and gene sequencing. Active ingredients and fatty acid profile was studied by GC lactobacili, lactococci and enterococci were identified as the predominant bacteria. Acid palmitic had the highest concentration among the saturated fatty acid, with 42.47%, and acid meristic and acid lauric acid were next with the 13.22% and 3.9% concentration respectively, among the unsaturated fatty acids.
The target of this study was about the evaluation of the level of consumers' knowledge on the inf... more The target of this study was about the evaluation of the level of consumers' knowledge on the information of food label in Isfahan city, Isfahan province of Iran in year 2012-2013. In this cross descriptive and analytical study, 331 of Isfahan consumers were investigated individually in 4 regions including north, south, west and east of Isfahan city. This study was a questionnaire base study. All demographical and knowledge information about label analyzed. People age ranged 16-70 and their education degree from reading-writing to bachelor. The number of men and women was the same (48.9 % women and 51.2 % men).the average of knowledge degree of consumers about information on food labels was 22.2±3.3.the amount of 41 % (with knowledge degree of 0-33) weak, 41 % (with knowledge degree of 34-66) fair, and only 18 % (with knowledge degree of 67-100) good were the results of this study. Mostly, consumers (77.9-80 %) paid attention to selecting products with label and health license.Less than 80 % of consumers consider bulk products in their household basket and 77 % always took into account the information on the labels. Consumers' range 70-70.4 % believed that the clarity of information written on the labels has the important role in their selecting. Comparing the knowledge level of consumers about health license (36.66 %), their application including health permit, production license, health monitoring ID, health permit of imports (9.06 %) with the average of consumers to standard sign (94.6 %) indicated a high value due to wide advertising and informing and sufficient training. Comparing this value with the level of consumers' knowledge about health licenses points out more informing and advertising in this case.
Background: Coronary heart diseases are inversely related to plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL... more Background: Coronary heart diseases are inversely related to plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is mainly associated with HDL and plays a vital role in protection of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between paraoxonase activity (PON1) with lipid profile, apoA-_, apoB and apoB/apoA-_ ratio in subjects with different level of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). Methods: 135 subjects, 20e60 years old, contributed to this study. The subjects were divided into three groups (45 in each group) with different levels of HDL-C (High, Normal and Low). For each group, the activity of PON1 was measured using paraoxon as a substrate. Moreover, the serum level of lipid profile, ApoA and apoB were measured. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: PON-1 activity and apoA-_ level were decreased in subjects with lower level of HDL-C (P < 0.001). ApoB and apoB/apoA-_ ratio were higher in subjects with lower level of HDL-C (P < 0.001). Serum PON-1 activity was positively correlated with TC, TG, apo A-B, and LDL-C levels (P < 0.01). Conclusions: In conclusion, determination of serum PON1 activity and lipoproteins may play important role in earlier prediction of CAD and help to design a therapeutic for treatment of CAD toward PON1 activity regulation.
Introduction: LDL oxidation by forming and growth of the fatty plaques on the walls of endothelia... more Introduction: LDL oxidation by forming and growth of the fatty plaques on the walls of endothelial is an important event in atherogenesis. Sumac plant are rich in polyphenols and flavonoids compounds, with antioxidant effects that inhibit the LDL oxidation could inhibit atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of flavonoid components sumac extract by gel filtration chromatography on LDL oxidation induced-CuSo 4 . Methods: In this experimental study, LDL was isolated by ultracentrifugation system and gradient medium. The flavonoid fractions were separated from the sumac extract using Sephadex LH-20 gel filtration technic. The LDL oxidation kinetics in the presence of sumac components flavonoid extract were investigated. The formation of oxidation induced malondialdehyde were measured by TBARS (thiobarbituric acid) method. The results showed that the flavonoid content of sumac extract significantly increased Lag time (P <0.001) on LDL oxidation kinetics curves, and the malondialdehyde resulting of the oxidation of LDL, in the presence of the extract significantly reduced. The findings show that flavonoid content sumac extract has a positive effect on reducing LDL oxidation and they are can be a good candidate for further study as well as an effective factor to remove the consequences of oxidation of LDL, such as atherosclerosis.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Oct 1, 2016
Enzyme immobilization via nanoparticles is perfectly compatible against the other chemical or bio... more Enzyme immobilization via nanoparticles is perfectly compatible against the other chemical or biological approximate to improve enzyme functions and stability. In this study lactoperoxidase was immobilized onto silicacoated magnetite nanoparticles to improve enzyme properties in the presence of cadmium chloride as an inhibitor. The process consists of the following steps: (1) preparing magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles using the co-precipitation method, (2) coating NP with silica (SiO2) by sol-gel reaction, (3) characterizations of NPs were examined by FT-IR, XRD, AGFM and TEM. (4) Immobilization of LPO on the magnetite NPs, (5) Study kinetic and stability of both free and immobilized LPO in the presence of various concentrations of cadmium chloride. The size of the Fe 3 O 4 and silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles were about 9 nm and 12 nm, respectively. The results showed that the highest immobilization yield, nearly 90 %, was attained at 240 to 300 µg of LPO at 15h. It was found that the concentration of cadmium chloride directly affects the LPO activity and changes the kinetic parameters of it. Also, the results showed that immobilized LPO has better tolerance than the free LPO, so that after immobilization, Vmax of immobilized LPO was increased and Km of immobilized LPO was decreased. The results demonstrating that the effect of immobilized lactoperoxidase on silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles increases the stability of the LPO in the presence of cadmium chloride as inhibitor. Michaelis-Menten parameters (Km and Vmax) also revealed the considerable improvement of immobilized.
Some studies showed, fetuin-A is associated with an increase in the prevalence of with nonalcohol... more Some studies showed, fetuin-A is associated with an increase in the prevalence of with nonalcoholic fatty liver.
Lactoperoxidase (LPO) is a heme peroxidase with various applications in industry and medicine. In... more Lactoperoxidase (LPO) is a heme peroxidase with various applications in industry and medicine. In this study, the effects of ectoine, as a compatible solute, on the structure, thermal stability, thermodynamic parameters, activity, and stability of LPO have been investigated. The results showed that the catalytic activity of LPO was improved by increasing ectoine concentration. The UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and FTIR spectra studies indicated that ectoine could bind to the LPO spontaneously. Moreover, ectoine increased the enzyme Tm and Gibbs free energy. The fluorescence measurements showed that LPO fluorescence was quenched in the presence of ectoine. The quenching mechanism was probably a static quenching by forming a ground state complex. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that hydrogen bonding and Vander Waals forces played a key role in the LPO-ectoine interaction process. The findings suggest that ectoine could be used as a lactoperoxidase stabilizing agent for industrial or medical purposes.
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic element, which may cause toxicity to most organs in the body. Zinc... more Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic element, which may cause toxicity to most organs in the body. Zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg) are essential minerals with probable benefits on Cd harmful effects. Finding an efficient and non-pathological treatment against Cd toxicity seems promising. Fifty adult rats were divided into ten experimental groups of five rats each. The Cd group was treated with 1 mg Cd/kg and the control group received 0.5 cm 3 normal saline. The other eight groups received Zn (0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg) and Mg (0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg) either alone or in combination with 1 mg Cd/kg through IP injection for 3 weeks. Testis malondialdehyde (MDA), sperm parameters, and testis histopathology were investigated. Cd reduced sperm parameters and increased testis MDA. Moreover, Cd exposure caused a significant histological damage in testis of male rats. However, Zn or Mg treatment prevented and reversed Cd toxic alterations in testis. These findings suggest that co-administration of Zn or Mg could improve cadmium testicular toxicity in male Wistar rats.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Dec 1, 2015
Introduction: Amylases are among the most important enzymes and have great significance in presen... more Introduction: Amylases are among the most important enzymes and have great significance in present-day biotechnology. Amylase with commercial applications is mainly derived from the genus Bacillus. The main purpose of this study is identification and isolatation amylase enzyme producer Bacillus, determining the amylase enzyme activity and affecting a number of culture medium on amylase enzyme production. Materials and methods: Soil, water and wastewater samples were collected from agricultural area, choghakhor lake in chahar mahal e bakhtiari province and from food factory in Esfahan. Bacillus isolates were screened for amylolytic properties by starch hydrolysis test on starch agar plate. Amylase producing Bacillus were identified biochemical tests and molecular experiments. Amylase enzyme activity of isolates was measured using di-nitro salicylic acid (DNS) method. Enzyme production was studied in variose medium culture TSB, NB, Yeast extract, molases and milk medium. Results: The enzyme amylase-producing strains, one sample showed was the highest amylase activity. The Bacillus has been detected as a member of Bacillus subtilis according to Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology and molecular recognition. The enzyme activity of Bacillus subtilis was measured 7/21 (U/ml) in production media. Trough medium culture maximum amylase production for Bacillus subtilis was achieved in molases medium. Discussion and conclusion: In this study, Bacillus subtilis strains isolated from wastewater of a significant amount of enzyme producing 7/21 (U/ml) as indicated. Among the medium-amylase from Bacillus subtilis highest enzyme activity was observed in beet molasses. According to this study, the use of Bacillus strains is an efficient way to achieve the amylase enzyme.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is considered as a common endocrinal dysfunction among adult w... more Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is considered as a common endocrinal dysfunction among adult women characterized by polycystic ovaries, anovulation, and hyperandrogenism. Irisin is associated with metabolic parameters and insulin resistance. However, the association of irisin with PCOS remains poorly delineated. This study was aimed to examine circulating irisin levels and effects of metformin on this parameter in women with PCOS. Moreover, the association of irisin with insulin resistance markers was determined. Thirty-nine females with PCOS, aged 20–40 years, participated in this study and received 500 mg of metformin once daily for 3 months. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood sugar, testosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and irisin were assayed in the studied groups. Circulating irisin was significantly higher in PCOS women. Circulating irisin levels correlated with 17-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, and insulin. Three months metformin treatment decreased circulating irisin in PCOS women and improved IR. Circulating irisin is directly associated with insulin resistance in PCOS women and may be used as a biomarker for IR in these patients. Moreover, metformin as a confounding therapy in metabolic diseases can be used to regulate circulating irisin levels in PCOS women.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of crocin consumption, high-intensity interval trainin... more This study aimed to investigate the effect of crocin consumption, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and low-intensity continuous training (LICT) and their interactive effect on the gene expression of Mfn2 and Drp1 in the skeletal muscle and serum glucose and insulin indices in high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Fifty-six adult rats were divided into eight groups of seven subjects: crocin consumption, HIIT, LICT, HIIT with crocin, LICT with crocin, diabetic control, healthy control, and sham (placebo). At the end of the course (5 months), metabolic indices were measured. Moreover, the Mfn2 and Drp1 gene expression levels in all groups were measured using RT-PCR. The statistical analysis showed that in the exercise training (HIIT and LICT) and the crocin consumption groups, the glucose and insulin indices significantly improved (p = .005). Moreover, in these groups, the levels of gene expression of Mfn2 and Drp1 significantly increased and decreased, respectively (p = .001). Exercise training and crocin consumption appear to, either in combination or individually, have a beneficial effect on mitochondrial dynamics and diabetes by improving the mitochondrial fusion and fission indices (Mfn2 and Drp1), and by modifying the insulin resistance index and glucose homeostasis. Practical applications Mfn2 and Drp1, as the main regulators of the mitochondrial fusion and fission, play an important role in maintaining mitochondrial dynamics and type 2 diabetes. Thus, the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics is an intricate process that retains the balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion, and any disturbance in this balance can lead to mitochondrial-associated diseases including insulin resistance and T2D. There is evidence that herbal antioxidants Including crocin and exercise training help improve the mitochondrial activity and insulin sensitivity in T2D. Considering the importance of the two Drp1 and Mfn1 genes in the mitochondrial dynamic pathway and coding the proteins that play a key role in relation to T2D, this study primarily examined the interactive effects of endurance training (HIIT and LICT) along with crocin consumption on the expression the genes mentioned above; the results obtained in this study can provide a new approach to the treatment of HFD + STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are responsible for the regulation of a wide range of biological... more Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are responsible for the regulation of a wide range of biological functions, among which cellular proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation could be pointed out. FGF19 controls the enterohepatic bile acid/cholesterol system, and FGF21 modulates fatty acid/glucose metabolism. Obesity, type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and cancer, all can alter FGF21 circulating concentrations. In contrast to FGF21, metabolic diseases exhibit reduced serum FGF19 levels. Accordingly, FGF19 and FGF21 play important roles in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Hence, we present here a timely review on the relationship between FGF19/21 and metabolic diseases, especially obesity, and their probable role in development and treatment of obesity seems necessary.
Fetuin-A can function as a protective inhibitor of vascular calcification in patients with chroni... more Fetuin-A can function as a protective inhibitor of vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease, and is reduced during acute inflammation.
Majallah-i taḥqīqāt-i ̒ulūm-i pizishkī-i Zāhidān, Aug 12, 2018
Background: There are many strategies to cure cancer, therefore, many drugs have been evaluated i... more Background: There are many strategies to cure cancer, therefore, many drugs have been evaluated in this field. Albendazole (ABZ), derivative of benzimidazole, has a wide range of anti human and animal worm effects. The anti tumor effect of ABZ in both animal and human clinical trials has been reported. Objectives: In the present study, the cytotoxic effect of ABZ on breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF7, and on the melanoma cell line, B16F10, were evaluated with MTT assay for the first time. Methods: Different doses of ABZ for two breast cancer cell lines and the melanoma cell line were investigated. ANOVA was employed to analyze the data. Mean comparisons were carried out by Dunnett's test in SPSS (version 18.0) statistical software. Results: The results showed that ABZ (0.1, 1, 10, 100µM) significantly reduced the viability of MCF7, the percent of declines to different concentrations of ABZ, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 µM, were 15, 32, 38, and 44 accordingly, indicating enhancement ABZ toxicity effect towards its rising concentration (P value ≤ 0.001). However, significant toxicity effect of ABZ on the MDA-MB-231 was only apparent at concentration of 100 µM with approximately 27% reduction in viability (P value ≤ 0.05). In addition, this effect on B16F10 in all ABZ concentration levels was significant, resulting in 34%, 18%, and 27% reduction in cell viability for ABZ concentrations 100, 10, and 1µM accordingly, indicating the higher impact at the first and third concentrations than second concentration (P value ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: According to the cytotoxic effects of ABZ on breast cancer and melanoma cells, it can be used as a promising adjuvant along with other chemotherapy drugs.
Cd is a toxic metal that has a destructive impact on most organ systems. This work aims to determ... more Cd is a toxic metal that has a destructive impact on most organ systems. This work aims to determine Zn or Mg protective effects against Cd renal toxicity. In this study, rats were divided into six groups. The Cd group was treated with 1 mg Cd/kg, and the control group received 0.5 cm 3 normal saline, intraperitoneally. The other four groups received one of the following dosages of 1 mg/kg Cd + 0.5 mg/kg Zn, 1 mg/kg Cd + 1.5 mg/kg Zn, 1 mg/kg Cd + 0.5 mg/kg Mg, or 1 mg/kg Cd + 1.5 mg/kg Mg through IP injection for 3 weeks. Kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine, and protein were measured. Light microscopic examination was used for histological studies. Cd reduced serum creatinine and protein, and increased urea, sodium, and potassium. Moreover, Cd exposure caused a significant enhancement in MDA levels as well as histological damage in kidneys. Zn or Mg treatment prevented and reversed toxic alterations induced by Cd. These results suggest that Zn and Mg may have protective effects against Cd renal toxicity.
Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common disorder of women at rep... more Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common disorder of women at reproductive age. Many findings indicate that genetic variations in the vitamin D receptor gene may affect PCOS development. This study was performed with aim to evaluate the associations between TaqI polymorphism in the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) and PCOS, and the association of TaqI polymorphism with gonadotropins and steroid hormones parameters in two groups of patients and control. Methods: This case-control study was performed on 77 women who had referred to fertility and infertility center of Isfahan during three months of summer 2016. 38 obese women with PCOS were selected as patient group and 39 healthy obese women as control group. Serum levels of LH, FSH, testosterone and progesterone were measured by ELISA method. The TaqI polymorphism was genotyped by using PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) technique. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 22) and independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Chi-square test. P 0.05). Serum levels of FSH (p = 0.012) and testosterone (p = 0.017) was significantly lower in control group than the patient group. There was no significant difference in serum LH and progesterone between patients and control group (P> 0.05). Also, the level of LH hormone was significantly higher in TT individuals than that of Tt / tt subjects (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Among the studied population, there was no significant relationship between tt, Tt and TT genotypes with FSH, testosterone and progesterone hormones. Therefore, it can be concluded that TaqI polymorphism was not associated with the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome.
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