Objective : The present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of iron, vitamin A and iodi... more Objective : The present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of iron, vitamin A and iodine deficiencies amongst rural Adolescent Pregnant Mothers (APM).Methods : Survey was conducted amongst APM in a rural block; district Udham Singh Nagar, Uttaranchal State. In the district, all blocks were enlisted and one block was randomly selected. Further, villages in the block were listed (n=64) and five villages were randomly selected for the detailed study. All APM residing in the selected villages were included for the detailed study. The data on socio demographic parameters was collected utilizing a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Anaemia was assessed by hemoglobin estimation with the help of the HemoCue instrument. Vitamin-A deficiency (VAD) was assessed by presence of night blindness utilizing a pre-tested semi structured proforma. Iodine Deficiency was assessed by the clinical examination of the thyroid gland and estimating the Urinary Iodine Excretion (UIE) levels of each subject. Nutrient intake was assessed by the 24-hr dietary recall method.Results : One hundred and fifty one APM, belonging to low socio economic group, were selected for the study. The occupation of the families was farming, but the APM were housewives. The mean age of the APM was 17.8 ±1.5 yr. Eighty nine percent of the APM were in the age group 16–19 yr. Sixty percent of the APM were in the gestational age of 24 weeks and more. It was found that 46.0% of the APM were anaemic (Hb <11.0 gm/dl). Sixteen percent of the study subjects had presence of night blindness. Fifteen percent of the subjects had Goiter. Median UIE level in the subjects studied was 95.0 μg/l. Concomitant prevalence of the three deficiencies was amongst 2.0% of the population. The 24-hour dietary intake revealed that the mean consumption of retinol and iron was only 13 and 28% of the recommended dietary allowance, respectively.Conclusion : The findings of the present study indicated that Anaemia, Vitamin A, and Iodine deficiency existed as public health problems in the APM of the study area.
Thirty primary schools were selected in district Kangra utilizing the population proportionate to... more Thirty primary schools were selected in district Kangra utilizing the population proportionate to size cluster sampling methodology in the year 2004. A total of 6939 children were included in the study. The clinical examination of the thyroid of each child was conducted. On the spot casual urine sample and salt samples were collected from a ‘sub set of’ children included in the study. The Total goiter rate (TGR) was found to be 19.8%. The median Urinary iodine excretion level was 200 μg/l and only 64% of the salt samples had the stipulated level of iodine. The findings of the present study revealed that current iodine status of population is adequate, however, TGR showed mild iodine deficiency (chronic), and there is a need of continued monitoring the quality of iodised salt provided to the beneficiaries under the Universal salt iodisation programme in order to achieve the goal of elimination of lodine deficiency disorders from district Kangra.
Iodine is one of the essential micro-elements required for normal human growth and development. I... more Iodine is one of the essential micro-elements required for normal human growth and development. Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) are an important public health problem in India. There has been no data on the prevalence of IDD from the Kottayam district, India and hence, the present pilot study was conducted in the year 1999 to assess whether iodine deficiency existed in the district or not and to estimate the iodine content of salt consumed by the population. A total of 1872 children in the age group of 6-12 years were included in the study and were clinically examined. On the spot urine samples were collected from 251 children. A total of 420 salt samples were collected randomly from the families of the children. The total goitre prevalence was found to be 7.05% in the subjects studied. It was found that the percentage of children with urinary iodine excretions of < 2, 2-< 5, 5-9 and 10 µg/dL and above were 6.4%, 6.0%, 20.7%, and 66.9%, respectively. Assessment of the iodine content of salt by the iodometric titration method revealed that 60.6% of the children were consuming salt with an iodine content of 15 p.p.m. and more, which was the stipulated level of salt iodisation. The findings of the present study indicated that the population is in a transitional phase from iodine deficient, as revealed by total goitre rate, to iodine sufficient nutriture, as revealed by the median urinary iodine excretion level of 17.5 µg/dL.
Objective: The present study was conducted in year 2002 in NCT of Delhi with the objective to re-... more Objective: The present study was conducted in year 2002 in NCT of Delhi with the objective to re-assess the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods : A total of 7009 children in the age group of 6–11 years were clinically examined for presence of goiter. A total of 991 salt samples were also collected randomly. On the spot casual urine samples were collected from 1395 children.Results : The total goiter prevalence was found to be 6.2 %. The percentage of children with urinary iodine excretion (UIE) of <20.0, 20.0-<50.0, 50.0–99.9 and 100.0 Μg/l and above was 0.8, 1.8, 8.7 and 88.7%, respectively. The median UIE level was 200 Μg/L The assessment of iodine content of salt revealed that only 16% of the families were consuming salt with iodine content less than 5 ppm.Conclusion : The findings of the present study indicated that the population is in a transition phase from iodine deficient (as revealed by Total Goiter Prevalence) to iodine sufficient nutriture (as revealed by median UIE 200 Μg/l). A significant progress has been achieved towards elimination of IDD from NCT of Delhi.
State since 1992. The presen study was conducted in the district of Bharatpur, Rajasthan with the... more State since 1992. The presen study was conducted in the district of Bharatpur, Rajasthan with the objective to assess the prevalence of iodine disorders in school children as no data is available on this aspect. A total of 3072 children in the age group of 6-12 years were included in the study and were clinically examined. On the spot urine samples were collected randomly from 450 children. A total of 1064 salt samples were collected randomly from the families of the children. The total goiter prevalence was found to be 7.2% in the subjects studied. It was found that the percentage of children with urinary iodine excretion <20.0, 20.0-49.9, 50.0-99.9 and 100 mcg/L and above was 1.1, 1.1, 7.8 and 90.0%, respectively. The assessment of iodine content of salt revealed that 56% of the families were consuming iodised salt. The findings of the present study indicated that the population is in a transition phase from iodine deficient (as revealed by the TGR) to iodine sufficient (as revealed by the medium UIE of 200.0 mcg/L) nutriture.
Sir, Obesity in childhood is associated with several non communicable disease in adult life like ... more Sir, Obesity in childhood is associated with several non communicable disease in adult life like hyperlipidaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, coronary artery disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis etc. 1 Obesity has emerged as an epidemic in the developed countries ...
Overweight and obesity are among the most prevalent nutritional problems in developed and develop... more Overweight and obesity are among the most prevalent nutritional problems in developed and developing countries. The problem of obesity is confined not only to adults but also to children and adolescents. In many developing countries childhood obesity is associated with increased consumption of processed and fast food, dependence on television and computers for leisure and a less physically active lifestyle. Obesity has serious longterm consequences. Childhood obesity is not an immediately lethal disease itself, but has a significant risk factor associated with a range of serious non-communicable diseases in adulthood. Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, type-2 diabetes mellitus, gall bladder disease, asthma, mental health concerns and orthopaedic disorders have been linked to obesity. Thus, there is an urgent need to address the problem and efforts should be made to prevent the epidemic of obesity and its associated health disasters. An attempt has been made in this article to review the data published on prevalence and mechanism of specific morbidity conditions in obese adolescent children in developing countries with special reference to India.
Objective : The present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of iron, vitamin A and iodi... more Objective : The present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of iron, vitamin A and iodine deficiencies amongst rural Adolescent Pregnant Mothers (APM).Methods : Survey was conducted amongst APM in a rural block; district Udham Singh Nagar, Uttaranchal State. In the district, all blocks were enlisted and one block was randomly selected. Further, villages in the block were listed (n=64) and five villages were randomly selected for the detailed study. All APM residing in the selected villages were included for the detailed study. The data on socio demographic parameters was collected utilizing a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Anaemia was assessed by hemoglobin estimation with the help of the HemoCue instrument. Vitamin-A deficiency (VAD) was assessed by presence of night blindness utilizing a pre-tested semi structured proforma. Iodine Deficiency was assessed by the clinical examination of the thyroid gland and estimating the Urinary Iodine Excretion (UIE) levels of each subject. Nutrient intake was assessed by the 24-hr dietary recall method.Results : One hundred and fifty one APM, belonging to low socio economic group, were selected for the study. The occupation of the families was farming, but the APM were housewives. The mean age of the APM was 17.8 ±1.5 yr. Eighty nine percent of the APM were in the age group 16–19 yr. Sixty percent of the APM were in the gestational age of 24 weeks and more. It was found that 46.0% of the APM were anaemic (Hb <11.0 gm/dl). Sixteen percent of the study subjects had presence of night blindness. Fifteen percent of the subjects had Goiter. Median UIE level in the subjects studied was 95.0 μg/l. Concomitant prevalence of the three deficiencies was amongst 2.0% of the population. The 24-hour dietary intake revealed that the mean consumption of retinol and iron was only 13 and 28% of the recommended dietary allowance, respectively.Conclusion : The findings of the present study indicated that Anaemia, Vitamin A, and Iodine deficiency existed as public health problems in the APM of the study area.
Thirty primary schools were selected in district Kangra utilizing the population proportionate to... more Thirty primary schools were selected in district Kangra utilizing the population proportionate to size cluster sampling methodology in the year 2004. A total of 6939 children were included in the study. The clinical examination of the thyroid of each child was conducted. On the spot casual urine sample and salt samples were collected from a ‘sub set of’ children included in the study. The Total goiter rate (TGR) was found to be 19.8%. The median Urinary iodine excretion level was 200 μg/l and only 64% of the salt samples had the stipulated level of iodine. The findings of the present study revealed that current iodine status of population is adequate, however, TGR showed mild iodine deficiency (chronic), and there is a need of continued monitoring the quality of iodised salt provided to the beneficiaries under the Universal salt iodisation programme in order to achieve the goal of elimination of lodine deficiency disorders from district Kangra.
Iodine is one of the essential micro-elements required for normal human growth and development. I... more Iodine is one of the essential micro-elements required for normal human growth and development. Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) are an important public health problem in India. There has been no data on the prevalence of IDD from the Kottayam district, India and hence, the present pilot study was conducted in the year 1999 to assess whether iodine deficiency existed in the district or not and to estimate the iodine content of salt consumed by the population. A total of 1872 children in the age group of 6-12 years were included in the study and were clinically examined. On the spot urine samples were collected from 251 children. A total of 420 salt samples were collected randomly from the families of the children. The total goitre prevalence was found to be 7.05% in the subjects studied. It was found that the percentage of children with urinary iodine excretions of < 2, 2-< 5, 5-9 and 10 µg/dL and above were 6.4%, 6.0%, 20.7%, and 66.9%, respectively. Assessment of the iodine content of salt by the iodometric titration method revealed that 60.6% of the children were consuming salt with an iodine content of 15 p.p.m. and more, which was the stipulated level of salt iodisation. The findings of the present study indicated that the population is in a transitional phase from iodine deficient, as revealed by total goitre rate, to iodine sufficient nutriture, as revealed by the median urinary iodine excretion level of 17.5 µg/dL.
Objective: The present study was conducted in year 2002 in NCT of Delhi with the objective to re-... more Objective: The present study was conducted in year 2002 in NCT of Delhi with the objective to re-assess the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods : A total of 7009 children in the age group of 6–11 years were clinically examined for presence of goiter. A total of 991 salt samples were also collected randomly. On the spot casual urine samples were collected from 1395 children.Results : The total goiter prevalence was found to be 6.2 %. The percentage of children with urinary iodine excretion (UIE) of <20.0, 20.0-<50.0, 50.0–99.9 and 100.0 Μg/l and above was 0.8, 1.8, 8.7 and 88.7%, respectively. The median UIE level was 200 Μg/L The assessment of iodine content of salt revealed that only 16% of the families were consuming salt with iodine content less than 5 ppm.Conclusion : The findings of the present study indicated that the population is in a transition phase from iodine deficient (as revealed by Total Goiter Prevalence) to iodine sufficient nutriture (as revealed by median UIE 200 Μg/l). A significant progress has been achieved towards elimination of IDD from NCT of Delhi.
State since 1992. The presen study was conducted in the district of Bharatpur, Rajasthan with the... more State since 1992. The presen study was conducted in the district of Bharatpur, Rajasthan with the objective to assess the prevalence of iodine disorders in school children as no data is available on this aspect. A total of 3072 children in the age group of 6-12 years were included in the study and were clinically examined. On the spot urine samples were collected randomly from 450 children. A total of 1064 salt samples were collected randomly from the families of the children. The total goiter prevalence was found to be 7.2% in the subjects studied. It was found that the percentage of children with urinary iodine excretion <20.0, 20.0-49.9, 50.0-99.9 and 100 mcg/L and above was 1.1, 1.1, 7.8 and 90.0%, respectively. The assessment of iodine content of salt revealed that 56% of the families were consuming iodised salt. The findings of the present study indicated that the population is in a transition phase from iodine deficient (as revealed by the TGR) to iodine sufficient (as revealed by the medium UIE of 200.0 mcg/L) nutriture.
Sir, Obesity in childhood is associated with several non communicable disease in adult life like ... more Sir, Obesity in childhood is associated with several non communicable disease in adult life like hyperlipidaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, coronary artery disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis etc. 1 Obesity has emerged as an epidemic in the developed countries ...
Overweight and obesity are among the most prevalent nutritional problems in developed and develop... more Overweight and obesity are among the most prevalent nutritional problems in developed and developing countries. The problem of obesity is confined not only to adults but also to children and adolescents. In many developing countries childhood obesity is associated with increased consumption of processed and fast food, dependence on television and computers for leisure and a less physically active lifestyle. Obesity has serious longterm consequences. Childhood obesity is not an immediately lethal disease itself, but has a significant risk factor associated with a range of serious non-communicable diseases in adulthood. Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, type-2 diabetes mellitus, gall bladder disease, asthma, mental health concerns and orthopaedic disorders have been linked to obesity. Thus, there is an urgent need to address the problem and efforts should be made to prevent the epidemic of obesity and its associated health disasters. An attempt has been made in this article to review the data published on prevalence and mechanism of specific morbidity conditions in obese adolescent children in developing countries with special reference to India.
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