Cornus

Cornus kousa var. chinensis

Plantae

Ordo : Cornales
Familia : Cornaceae
Genus : Cornus
L.

Palaeontologia

Campaniano exeunte ad Holocaenum, 73–0 m.a.: ^[1]

.

Subdivisiones: Subgenera

*Afrocrania

Arctocrania
Cornus
Cynoxylon
Discocrania
Kraniopsis
Mesomora
Sinocornus
Syncarpea
Yinquania

Species typica

Cornus mas L.

In species such as this *Cornus × unalaschkensis*, the tiny four-petaled flowers are clustered in a tightly packed, cyma complanata in medio quattuor bractearum speciosarum petaliformium.

Maturi et immaturi *Corni canadensis* flores in Bonnechere Provincial Park Ontarionis.

*Cornus* cultivarietatis 'Cherokee Princess'.

Cornus est genus plantarum florentium lignearum familiae Cornacearum, cui generi sunt a triginta ad sexaginta species,^[2]^[3] quae plerumque floribus, baccis (antiquitate cornis [nom.sing. cornum] appellatis), cortice distinguuntur.^[4] Plurimae sunt arbores vel frutices deciduae, sed nonnullae sunt paene herbaceae subfrutices perennes, nonnullaeque ex speciebus ligneis sunt sempervirentes. Nonnullis speciebus sunt parva capita florum inconspicuorum ab involucro magnarum bractearum plerumque albarum circumdatorum, sed aliis sunt aperiores florum petaliferentium fasciculi. Variae species sunt nativae per multum temperatae et borealis Eurasiae et Americae Septentrionalis, ubi Sinis, Iaponiae, et Civitatibus Foederatis meridianae et orienti sunt permultae species endemicae.

Inter species notissimis sunt Cornus sanguinea Eurasiae; Cornus florida, latissme in orientali America Septentrionali cultus; Cornus nuttallii, cornus Pacificus vulgo appellatus, in occidentali America Septentrionali; Cornus kousa Asiae orientalis; et duae species nanae: Cornus canadensis et Cornus suecica, corni Canadienses et Eurasiani proprie perscriptae.

Corni in genera vel subgenera ab uno ad novem varie digeruntur; genus late agnotum infra perscribitur.

Classificatio

Classificatio sequens unum genus, Cornum agnoscit,^[5]^[6] cui sunt quattuor subgreges et decem subgenera, a phylogenia moleculari sustenta.^[7]^[8]^[9]

Corni cuius fructus sunt albi, caeruli, nigri

Cymae sunt paniculatae vel corymbosae; bracteae minutae, nonmodificata; fructus globosi vel subglobosi, albi, caerulei, vel nigri:

Subgenus Yinquania: folia opposita ad subopposita; automno florent.
- Cornus oblonga.
- Cornus peruviana. Costarica et Venetiola ad Bolivia,.^[10]^[11]

Subgenus Kraniopsis. Folia opposita; aestate floret.
- Cornus alba- Siberia et Sina septentrionalis.
- Cornus amomum - Civitates Foederatae ad orientem versus Magnarum Planitierum praeter Deep South.
- Cornus asperifolia - Civitates Foederatae meridianae et orientalies
- Cornus austrosinensis - Asia Orientalis
- Cornus bretschneideri - Sina septentrionalis
- Cornus coreana - Asia septentrionalis et orientalis
- Cornus drummondii - Civitates Foederatae inter Montes Appalachianos et Magnas Planities, et Ontario meridiana in Canada.
- Cornus excelsa.
- Cornus foemina - Civitates Foederatae meridianae et orientales
- Cornus glabrata - America Septentrionalis occidentalis
- Cornus hemsleyi - Sina meridiana et occidentalis
- Cornus koehneana - Sina meridiana et occidentalis
- Cornus macrophylla - Asia Orientalis
- Cornus obliqua - Civitates Foederatae septentrionales et orientales et mediae et Canada meridiana et orientalis
- Cornus paucinervis - Sina
- Cornus racemosa - Civitates Foederatae septentrionales et orientales et mediae et Canada meridiana et orientalis extrema
- Cornus rugosa - Civitates Foederatae meridianae et orientales et septentrionales et mediae et Canada meridiana et orientalis
- Cornus sanguinea - Europa
- Cornus sericea - America Septentrionalis septentrionalis et occidentalis, praeter regiones Arcticas
- Cornus walteri - Sina media
- Cornus wilsoniana - Sina
- Cornus × arnoldiana (hybrida: C. obliqua × C. racemosa) - America Septentrionalis orientalis
Subgenus Mesomora. Folia alterna; aestate floret.
- Cornus alternifolia - Civitates Foederatae orientales et Canada meridiana et orientalis
- Cornus controversa - Asia Orientalis

Baccae cornelianae

Subgenus Afrocrania.
- Cornus volkensii.
Subgenus Cornus.
- Cornus eydeana
- Cornus mas - regio maris Mediterraneanae
- Cornus officinalis - Sina, Iaponia, Corea
- †Cornus piggae (Palaeocaenum exiens, Dacota Septentrionalis^[12]
- Cornus sessilis (blackfruit cornel). California.
Subgenus Sinocornus. Plants hermaphroditic, bracts 4 or 6
- Cornus chinensis (Chinese cornel). China.

Corni magnis bracteis

Cymae capitulares

Subgenus Discocrania.
- Cornus disciflora
Subgenus Cynoxylon.
- Cornus florida - Civitates Foederatae, regio ad orientem versus Magnarum Planitierum, ad septentriones versus ad Ontarionem meridianum
- Cornus nuttallii - America Septentrionalis occidentalis, a Columbia Britannica ad Californiam
Subgenus Syncarpea.
- Cornus capitata - Himalaia
- Cornus elliptica
- Cornus hongkongensis - Sina meridiana. Laotia, Vietnamia
- Cornus kousa - Iaponia et (subsp. chinensis) Sina media et septentrionalis.
- Cornus multinervosa.

Corni nani

Subgenus Arctocrania
- Cornus canadensis - America Septentrionalis septentrronalis
- Cornus suecica - Eurasia septentrionalis
- Cornus × unalaschkensis (hybrida: C. canadensis × C. suecica)

Incertae sedis

†Cornus clarnensis (Middle Eocene, Central Oregon)^[13]

Hybridae horticulturales

Cornus × rutgersensis (hybrida: C. florida × C. kousa), in hortis evolutus.^[14]

Momentum in humano cultu

Vergilius, poeta Romanus, in tertio Aeneidos libro nemus corni myrtique larvis frequentatum commemorat: Aeneas herosramos ad aram ornandam defringere conatur, sed ex ligno stillat sanguis niger.^[15]

Anna Morrow Lindbergh in poemate "Dogwood" arborem corni vivide describit.^[16]

Etymologia

Cornus in lingua Latina antiquitate plantam Cornum marem significavit].^[17]

Notae

↑ Atkinson, Brian A.; Stockey, Ruth A.; Rothwell, Gar W. (2016). "Cretaceous origen of dogwoods: an anatomically preserved Cornus (Cornaceae) fruit from the Campanian of Vancouver Island". PeerJ 4: e2808
↑ Quinquaginta octo species apud Xiang et al. 2006.
↑ Qiu-Yun et al. 2006.
↑ "Notable Characteristics of Dogwood Trees". answers.com .
↑ Eyde 1987.
↑ Eyde 1988.
↑ Fan, Chuanzhu; Xiang, Qiu-Yun (2001). "Phylogenetic relationships within Cornus (Cornaceae) based on 26S rDNA sequences.". American Journal of Botany 88 (6): 1131–38 .
↑ Zhiang, Qiu-Yun; Thomas, David T.; Zhang, Wenheng; Manchester, Steven R.; Murrell, Zack (2006). "Species level phylogeny of the genus Cornus (Cornaceae) based on molecular and morphological evidence—implications for taxonomy and Tertiary intercontinental migration.". Taxon 55 (1) .
↑ Nowicki, Marcin; Boggess, Sarah L.; Saxton, Arnold M.; Hadziabdic, Denita; Xiang, Qiu-Yun Jenny; Molnar, Thomas; Huff, Matthew L.; Staton, Margaret E. et al (23 Octobris 2018). Heinze, Berthold. ed. "Haplotyping of Cornus florida and C. kousa chloroplasts: Insights into species-level differences and patterns of plastic DNA variation in cultivars". PLOS ONE 13 (10): e0205407 .
↑ Tropicos | Name - Cornus peruviana J.F. Macbr.. . www.tropicos.org .
↑ Macbride, J. F. (1959). "Cornaceae". Flora of Peru. 13 pt.5 no.1. Field Museum. pp. 44–45 .
↑ Manchester, S.R.; Xiang, X-P.; Xiang, Q-Y (2010). "Fruits of Cornelian Cherries (Cornaceae: Cornus Subg. Cornus) in the Paleocene and Eocene of the Northern Hemisphere". International Journal of Plant Sciences 171 (8): 882–91 .^{[nexus deficit]}
↑ Manchester, S. R. (1994). "Fruits and Seeds of the Middle Eocene Nut Beds Flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon". Palaeontographica Americana 58: 30–31
↑ "Cornus florida × Cornus kousa". Landscape Plants: Images, identification, and information. Oregon State University .
↑ Aeneis III 22–23: Forte fuit iuxta tumulus, quo cornea summo virgulta et densis hastilibus horrida myrtus.
↑ Morrow, Anne (1956). Dogwood. 333 6th Avenue, New York 14, N.Y.: Pantheon Books. pp. 38–39 .
↑ Nonnulli putant hoc nomen esse idem ac cornu (Gledhill 2008: 121).

Bibliographia

Eyde, Richard H. 1987. "The case for keeping Cornus in the broad Linnaean sense." Systematic Botany 12 (4): 505–518. JSTOR 2418886. doi:10.2307/2418886.
Eyde, Richard H. 1988. "Comprehending Cornus: puzzles and progress in the systematics of the dogwoods." Botanical Review 54 (3): 233–351. JSTOR 4354115. doi:10.1007/bf02868985. s2cid 12507834.
Gledhill, David. 2008. The Names of Plants. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521866453 (textile), ISBN 9780521685535.
Qiu-Yun, Jenny Xiang, David T. Thomas, Wenheng Zhang, Steven R. Manchester, et Zack Murrell. 2006. "Species level phylogeny of the genus Cornus (Cornaceae) based on molecular and morphological evidence – implications for taxonomy and Tertiary intercontinental migration." Taxon 55 (1): 9–30. JSTOR 25065525. doi:10.2307/25065525.

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Cornum spectant.

Vide "Cornum" apud Vicispecies.

Situs scientifici: Tropicos • Tela Botanica • GRIN • ITIS • NCBI • Biodiversity • Encyclopedia of Life • Plant Name Index • Fossilworks • Plantes d'Afrique • Flora of China • Flora of North America • USDA Plants Database

[Parfrey2011-1] Atkinson, Brian A.; Stockey, Ruth A.; Rothwell, Gar W. (2016). "Cretaceous origen of dogwoods: an anatomically preserved Cornus (Cornaceae) fruit from the Campanian of Vancouver Island". PeerJ 4: e2808

[2] Quinquaginta octo species apud Xiang et al. 2006.

[3] Qiu-Yun et al. 2006.

[4] "Notable Characteristics of Dogwood Trees". answers.com .

[5] Eyde 1987.

[6] Eyde 1988.

[7] Fan, Chuanzhu; Xiang, Qiu-Yun (2001). "Phylogenetic relationships within Cornus (Cornaceae) based on 26S rDNA sequences.". American Journal of Botany 88 (6): 1131–38 .

[8] Zhiang, Qiu-Yun; Thomas, David T.; Zhang, Wenheng; Manchester, Steven R.; Murrell, Zack (2006). "Species level phylogeny of the genus Cornus (Cornaceae) based on molecular and morphological evidence—implications for taxonomy and Tertiary intercontinental migration.". Taxon 55 (1) .

[9] Nowicki, Marcin; Boggess, Sarah L.; Saxton, Arnold M.; Hadziabdic, Denita; Xiang, Qiu-Yun Jenny; Molnar, Thomas; Huff, Matthew L.; Staton, Margaret E. et al (23 Octobris 2018). Heinze, Berthold. ed. "Haplotyping of Cornus florida and C. kousa chloroplasts: Insights into species-level differences and patterns of plastic DNA variation in cultivars". PLOS ONE 13 (10): e0205407 .

[10] Tropicos | Name - Cornus peruviana J.F. Macbr.. . www.tropicos.org .

[11] Macbride, J. F. (1959). "Cornaceae". Flora of Peru. 13 pt.5 no.1. Field Museum. pp. 44–45 .

[Manchester2010-12] Manchester, S.R.; Xiang, X-P.; Xiang, Q-Y (2010). "Fruits of Cornelian Cherries (Cornaceae: Cornus Subg. Cornus) in the Paleocene and Eocene of the Northern Hemisphere". International Journal of Plant Sciences 171 (8): 882–91 .^{[nexus deficit]}

[Manchester1994-13] Manchester, S. R. (1994). "Fruits and Seeds of the Middle Eocene Nut Beds Flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon". Palaeontographica Americana 58: 30–31

[14] "Cornus florida × Cornus kousa". Landscape Plants: Images, identification, and information. Oregon State University .

[15] Aeneis III 22–23: Forte fuit iuxta tumulus, quo cornea summo virgulta et densis hastilibus horrida myrtus.

[16] Morrow, Anne (1956). Dogwood. 333 6th Avenue, New York 14, N.Y.: Pantheon Books. pp. 38–39 .

[17] Nonnulli putant hoc nomen esse idem ac cornu (Gledhill 2008: 121).

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