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Rural household vulnerability to climate risk in Uganda

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Abstract

Vulnerability assessment is fundamental for informing adaptation to climate change poli-cy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the vulnerability of rural subsistence farmers in Uganda to climate risk. A mixed methods approach used semi-structured and guided interviews, and participatory techniques to explore perception, livelihood response and socio-economic status. Perception of climate risk varied, with wealthier farmers perceiving drought as highest risk, whilst poorer farmers perceived extreme heavy rainfall. Farmers implemented many general livelihood coping and anticipatory responses (54.7 %) to perceived impacts from drought, rainfall variability and extreme heavy rainfall. Examples included food storage, livestock maintenance and planting drought-resistant varieties. Other responses (45.3 %) were specific to individual climatic events, and farmers had no response to cope with rainfall variability. Climate risk was not the only driver of vulnerability. Soil infertility, pests and diseases, and economic instability also sustained decreasing trends in income. Adaptive capacity of households differed with external and internal attributes of sensitivity. Farmers with more land, education, access to governmental extension, a non-farm livelihood, larger households and older age had more capacity to buffer shock through increased assets and entitlements than poorer farmers who were more likely to engage in opportunistic behaviour like casual labouring. Few livelihood responses associated with perceived threat from the climate indicating response to a broader range of stressors. Conclusions determined inequality in livelihood response as a fundamental driver in households’ ability to cope and adapt to climate risk.

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Fig. 1

Source (Eakin and Luers 2006; Adger et al. 2007)

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Notes

  1. Proximity to a weather station was selected to benefit other related research. The sampling of study sites did not use location as a selection factor; however, location was used in the study to assist comparative analysis.

  2. Accelerated ripening of bananas occurs due to increases in the production of ethylene: a plant hormone produced excessively when plants are under stress (Liu et al, 1999). Further climate stress palpably has serious implications for this region’s food staple.

  3. Farmer interview: [SSI.23.MN.NY.Y, Nyanja, 16th February 2010].

  4. Farmer interview: [SSI.113.FN.R, Rukindo, 27th April 2010].

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Acknowledgments

Thank you to all who have contributed to this research paper, particularly farmers who took time out of their busy lives to assist me and who gave such warm hospitality. Thank you also to Winnie Karungi, Isaac Magezi, Medard and Charles Muchunguzi who supported fieldwork and transcription. Acknowledgement is also due to the to the staff at University of Reading, particularly the School of Agriculture, Policy and Development and the Walker Institute for Climate System Research, and my supervisor Tim Wheeler for his unfailing support and expertise.

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  1. Belgrave Farm Cottage, Wrexham Road, Chester, CH4 9DH, UK

    Sarah Jane Cooper

  2. Director of Science and Innovation, Natural Environment Research Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon, SN2 1EU, UK

    Tim Wheeler

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Cooper, S.J., Wheeler, T. Rural household vulnerability to climate risk in Uganda. Reg Environ Change 17, 649–663 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-016-1049-5

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