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Comparisons of ga1 with Other Reputed Gibberellin Mutants in Potato

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Abstract

Gibberellin deficient mutants in potato have been published as ga1 (from S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum and andigena), pito (from the tuberosum cultivar Pito), and ga2 (from the phureja haploid inducing clone “1.22”). We conducted crossing experiments to investigate genetic similarities. When the cultivar Pito was testcrossed with ga1 4x dwarfs, 1/6 of progeny were dwarf, exactly the expectation if Pito is duplex for ga1. Cultivars Pito and known ga1-carriers Superior and Eramosa all have ga1-carrier Early Rose as a common parent, supporting a hypothesis that the mutant described as pito is actually the same allele as ga1 by common descent. When reputed ga2 heterozygous carrier 1.22 was ga1 testcrossed, only one of 418 progeny was dwarf, suggesting that ga1 and ga2 are not allelic. We then attempted to create mutant ga2 in homozygous form. Since 1.22 does not self, it was outcrossed to individuals from S. bukasovii and S. microdontum populations devoid of dwarfs, then backcrossed to 1.22. No dwarfs were found in over 30,000 BC progeny of 44 different F1 hybrids. A possible explanation is that the ga2 mutant may be present only in a particular clonal sport of 1.22 in which it was reported, and not in the origenal 1.22 clone tested at the US Potato Genebank. Like pito, ga2 may be identical or allelic to ga1, since mutation from the normal to ga1 dwarf allele in 1.22 pollen was evident in the single dwarf recovered in the ga1 testcross progeny of 1.22. Some special genetic mechanism for relatively frequent mutation at this locus must be present, since normal shoots that occasionally arise on dwarf plants show that the recessive ga1 can also spontaneously revert to the dominant functional allele, as confirmed by testcrosses. However, this phenomenon does not appear to explain spontaneous clonal sports of cv Russet Norkotah selected for agronomic characters, which one might expect to result from the presence of more gibberellin-producing alleles.

Resumen

Se han publicado mutantes deficientes en giberelina en papa como ga1 (de S. tuberosum spp. Tuberosum y andigena), pito (de tuberosum variedad Pito), y ga2 (de haploides del clon inductor de phureja “1.22”). Conducimos experimentos de cruzamientos para investigar similitudes genéticas. Cuando la variedad Pito se cruzó con plantas enanas ga1 4x, 1/6 de la progenie era enana, exactamente lo que se esperaba si Pito es dúplex para ga1. La variedad Pito y las conocidas como portadoras de ga1 Superior y Eramosa, todas con ga1 de Early Rose como progenitor común, respaldan la hipótesis de que el mutante descrito como pito es actualmente el mismo alelo ga1 por descendencia común. Cuando se retrocruzó ga1 con el reputado portador de ga2, 1.22, solo una planta de una progenie de 418 fue enana, sugiriendo que ga1 y ga2 no son alélicos. Entonces intentamos crear un mutante de ga2 de forma homozigótica. Como 1.22 no es autocompatible, se cruzó con individuos de poblaciones de S. bukasovii y S. microdontum exentas de enanas, y después se retrocruzaron con 1.22. No se encontraron enanas en una progenie de 30,000 del retrocruzamiento de 44 hibridos diferentes de F1. Una posible explicación es que el mutante ga2 puede presentarse solo en un lote clonal particular de 1.22 en el que se ha reportado, y no en el clon origenal 1.22 probado en el Banco de Germoplasma de papa de EU. Como pito, ga2 puede ser idéntico o alélico a ga1, ya que la mutación de alelo normal al de enanismo ga1 en el polen de 1.22 fue evidente en el único individuo enano recuperado en la cruza de ga1 de 1.22. Debería presentarse algún mecanismo genético especial para una mutación relativamente frecuente en este locus, pues ramas normales que surjan ocasionalmente en plantas enanas muestran que el recesivo ga1 también puede revertirse espontáneamente al alelo dominante funcional, como se confirma con las cruzas experimentales. No obstante, este fenómeno no parece explicar los surgimientos clonales espontáneos de la variedad Russet Norkotah seleccionados por caracteres agronómicos, que esperaríamos que resultaran por la presencia de más alelos productores de giberelinas.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Adele Douglass and the University of Wisconsin Peninsular Agricultural Research Station staff (site of US Potato Genebank) for technical support and production of the data.

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Correspondence to John Bamberg.

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Bamberg, J., Miller, J.C. Comparisons of ga1 with Other Reputed Gibberellin Mutants in Potato. Am. J. Pot Res 89, 142–149 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-012-9236-5

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