Thesis Chapters by Alexandros Gioldasis
Climate changes and polar ice melting posed the researches of oil and gas exploration, developmen... more Climate changes and polar ice melting posed the researches of oil and gas exploration, development and production to Arctic Regions. In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated that the 13% and 30% of the Earth’s undiscovered oil and natural gas
respectively, exist in the Arctic region. Meanwhile, a viable marine route emerged and in November 2012, Liquified Natural Gas Carrier (LNGC) ‘Ob River’ voyaged from Norway to Japan through the Arctic Seas, establishing a new path for LNG transportations. These Arctic passages, known as Northern Sea Route (NSR) diminish the transit from Europe to Asia for approximately 13 days, concluding to fuel savings, CO2 emission reductions and secure voyages, in contrast to the possibility of a pirate attack while transiting the high risk area of the Indian Ocean.
Due to this increase in oil and gas activities in Polar areas and climate changes, the demand for ice capable vessels has increased. This demand has reached a peak of importance for the proper designing of these ships. Unified rules concerning the structure of ice capable ships have been publiced in accordance with classification societies and maritime authorities. However, these rules are based on semi-empirical methods and as the researches are in an initial stage, more progress for an adequate, safe and efficient design of ships navigating in ice needs to be done.
The aim of this study is to investigate the unified ice class rules used by IACS and Finnish-Swedish Maritime Administration for the design of ice capable ships and the common ship-ice interaction scenarios behind each rule. The design ice loads based on this ship-ice interaction must be calculated in order to extract the required scantlings that ensure an adequate safety of ships.
The scope of the thesis is to describe the Ice Class rules in two basic ways.
Firstly, all the appropriate details of the ice conditions, the Northern Sea Route features and the ice capable ship’s structures are described. Ice class rules for vessels operating in ice infested
waters are reviewed and principles behind the rules are compared. The categories of ice class ships and the equivalencies between the categories are notified in order to be treated in a less risky way.
Secondly, an existing ice capable ship, Liquified Natural Gas Carrier ‘Lena River’ – sister vessel of the above mentioned ‘Ob River’ – is considered, in order to estimate the design ice load and understand the structural needs for its design. The scenario for the ‘Lena River’ LNG Carrier is a real scenario, transiting the Northern Sea Route, in the worst ice conditions with the Administration’s permission. A glancing impact on the bow, bow shoulder and midship of the vessel is being assumed and the calculations for these scenarios with the two different approved methods are made as well as with an energy based collision method.
The calculation of the ice pressure and the design ice loads based on the ice class rules give the opportunity for useful informations to be extracted, regarding the design principles and the theory behind, as well as a great amount of details in refenence to ice characteristics and their treatment from the ice class rules.
In conclusion, the scope is after the completion of this study, the researcher to be able to clarify the basic topics of ice capable ships, the ice conditions in the Baltic, Arctic and Antarctic Seas, as well as the operational scenarios that a ship may face when navigating in ice, in order to be able to understand the methods used in ice class rules. Equivalances and differences between the two ice class rules and the difficulties in the design should be notified. The calculations of the design ice load for the target vessel ‘Lena River’ gives the opportunity to identify the way to extract the appropriate scantlings and compare the design loads of the two different ice class rules.
Finally, conclusions for the present ice capable ships and proposals for more efficient ship design and risk diminishment are being given as a challenge for the future.
Papers by Alexandros Gioldasis
Climate changes and polar ice melting posed the researches of oil and gas exploration, developmen... more Climate changes and polar ice melting posed the researches of oil and gas exploration, development and production to Arctic Regions. In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated that the 13% and 30% of the Earth’s undiscovered oil and natural gas respectively, exist in the Arctic region. Meanwhile, a viable marine route emerged and in November 2012, Liquified Natural Gas Carrier (LNGC) ‘Ob River’ voyaged from Norway to Japan through the Arctic Seas, establishing a new path for LNG transportations. These Arctic passages, known as Northern Sea Route (NSR) diminish the transit from Europe to Asia for approximately 13 days, concluding to fuel savings, CO2 emission reductions and secure voyages, in contrast to the possibility of a pirate attack while transiting the high risk area of the Indian Ocean. Due to this increase in oil and gas activities in Polar areas and climate changes, the demand for ice capable vessels has increased. This demand has reached a peak of importance for the proper designing of these ships. Unified rules concerning the structure of ice capable ships have been publiced in accordance with classification societies and maritime authorities. However, these rules are based on semi-empirical methods and as the researches are in an initial stage, more progress for an adequate, safe and efficient design of ships navigating in ice needs to be done. The aim of this study is to investigate the unified ice class rules used by IACS and Finnish-Swedish Maritime Administration for the design of ice capable ships and the common ship-ice interaction scenarios behind each rule. The design ice loads based on this ship-ice interaction must be calculated in order to extract the required scantlings that ensure an adequate safety of ships. The scope of the thesis is to describe the Ice Class rules in two basic ways. Firstly, all the appropriate details of the ice conditions, the Northern Sea Route features and the ice capable ship’s structures are described. Ice class rules for vessels operating in ice infested waters are reviewed and principles behind the rules are compared. The categories of ice class ships and the equivalencies between the categories are notified in order to be treated in a less risky way. Secondly, an existing ice capable ship, Liquified Natural Gas Carrier ‘Lena River’ – sister vessel of the above mentioned ‘Ob River’ – is considered, in order to estimate the design ice load and understand the structural needs for its design. The scenario for the ‘Lena River’ LNG Carrier is a real scenario, transiting the Northern Sea Route, in the worst ice conditions with the Administration’s permission. A glancing impact on the bow, bow shoulder and midship of the vessel is being assumed and the calculations for these scenarios with the two different approved methods are made as well as with an energy based collision method. The calculation of the ice pressure and the design ice loads based on the ice class rules give the opportunity for useful informations to be extracted, regarding the design principles and the theory behind, as well as a great amount of details in refenence to ice characteristics and their treatment from the ice class rules. In conclusion, the scope is after the completion of this study, the researcher to be able to clarify the basic topics of ice capable ships, the ice conditions in the Baltic, Arctic and Antarctic Seas, as well as the operational scenarios that a ship may face when navigating in ice, in order to be able to understand the methods used in ice class rules. Equivalances and differences between the two ice class rules and the difficulties in the design should be notified. The calculations of the design ice load for the target vessel ‘Lena River’ gives the opportunity to identify the way to extract the appropriate scantlings and compare the design loads of the two different ice class rules. Finally, conclusions for the present ice capable ships and proposals for more efficient ship design and risk diminishment are being given as a challenge for the future.
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Thesis Chapters by Alexandros Gioldasis
respectively, exist in the Arctic region. Meanwhile, a viable marine route emerged and in November 2012, Liquified Natural Gas Carrier (LNGC) ‘Ob River’ voyaged from Norway to Japan through the Arctic Seas, establishing a new path for LNG transportations. These Arctic passages, known as Northern Sea Route (NSR) diminish the transit from Europe to Asia for approximately 13 days, concluding to fuel savings, CO2 emission reductions and secure voyages, in contrast to the possibility of a pirate attack while transiting the high risk area of the Indian Ocean.
Due to this increase in oil and gas activities in Polar areas and climate changes, the demand for ice capable vessels has increased. This demand has reached a peak of importance for the proper designing of these ships. Unified rules concerning the structure of ice capable ships have been publiced in accordance with classification societies and maritime authorities. However, these rules are based on semi-empirical methods and as the researches are in an initial stage, more progress for an adequate, safe and efficient design of ships navigating in ice needs to be done.
The aim of this study is to investigate the unified ice class rules used by IACS and Finnish-Swedish Maritime Administration for the design of ice capable ships and the common ship-ice interaction scenarios behind each rule. The design ice loads based on this ship-ice interaction must be calculated in order to extract the required scantlings that ensure an adequate safety of ships.
The scope of the thesis is to describe the Ice Class rules in two basic ways.
Firstly, all the appropriate details of the ice conditions, the Northern Sea Route features and the ice capable ship’s structures are described. Ice class rules for vessels operating in ice infested
waters are reviewed and principles behind the rules are compared. The categories of ice class ships and the equivalencies between the categories are notified in order to be treated in a less risky way.
Secondly, an existing ice capable ship, Liquified Natural Gas Carrier ‘Lena River’ – sister vessel of the above mentioned ‘Ob River’ – is considered, in order to estimate the design ice load and understand the structural needs for its design. The scenario for the ‘Lena River’ LNG Carrier is a real scenario, transiting the Northern Sea Route, in the worst ice conditions with the Administration’s permission. A glancing impact on the bow, bow shoulder and midship of the vessel is being assumed and the calculations for these scenarios with the two different approved methods are made as well as with an energy based collision method.
The calculation of the ice pressure and the design ice loads based on the ice class rules give the opportunity for useful informations to be extracted, regarding the design principles and the theory behind, as well as a great amount of details in refenence to ice characteristics and their treatment from the ice class rules.
In conclusion, the scope is after the completion of this study, the researcher to be able to clarify the basic topics of ice capable ships, the ice conditions in the Baltic, Arctic and Antarctic Seas, as well as the operational scenarios that a ship may face when navigating in ice, in order to be able to understand the methods used in ice class rules. Equivalances and differences between the two ice class rules and the difficulties in the design should be notified. The calculations of the design ice load for the target vessel ‘Lena River’ gives the opportunity to identify the way to extract the appropriate scantlings and compare the design loads of the two different ice class rules.
Finally, conclusions for the present ice capable ships and proposals for more efficient ship design and risk diminishment are being given as a challenge for the future.
Papers by Alexandros Gioldasis
respectively, exist in the Arctic region. Meanwhile, a viable marine route emerged and in November 2012, Liquified Natural Gas Carrier (LNGC) ‘Ob River’ voyaged from Norway to Japan through the Arctic Seas, establishing a new path for LNG transportations. These Arctic passages, known as Northern Sea Route (NSR) diminish the transit from Europe to Asia for approximately 13 days, concluding to fuel savings, CO2 emission reductions and secure voyages, in contrast to the possibility of a pirate attack while transiting the high risk area of the Indian Ocean.
Due to this increase in oil and gas activities in Polar areas and climate changes, the demand for ice capable vessels has increased. This demand has reached a peak of importance for the proper designing of these ships. Unified rules concerning the structure of ice capable ships have been publiced in accordance with classification societies and maritime authorities. However, these rules are based on semi-empirical methods and as the researches are in an initial stage, more progress for an adequate, safe and efficient design of ships navigating in ice needs to be done.
The aim of this study is to investigate the unified ice class rules used by IACS and Finnish-Swedish Maritime Administration for the design of ice capable ships and the common ship-ice interaction scenarios behind each rule. The design ice loads based on this ship-ice interaction must be calculated in order to extract the required scantlings that ensure an adequate safety of ships.
The scope of the thesis is to describe the Ice Class rules in two basic ways.
Firstly, all the appropriate details of the ice conditions, the Northern Sea Route features and the ice capable ship’s structures are described. Ice class rules for vessels operating in ice infested
waters are reviewed and principles behind the rules are compared. The categories of ice class ships and the equivalencies between the categories are notified in order to be treated in a less risky way.
Secondly, an existing ice capable ship, Liquified Natural Gas Carrier ‘Lena River’ – sister vessel of the above mentioned ‘Ob River’ – is considered, in order to estimate the design ice load and understand the structural needs for its design. The scenario for the ‘Lena River’ LNG Carrier is a real scenario, transiting the Northern Sea Route, in the worst ice conditions with the Administration’s permission. A glancing impact on the bow, bow shoulder and midship of the vessel is being assumed and the calculations for these scenarios with the two different approved methods are made as well as with an energy based collision method.
The calculation of the ice pressure and the design ice loads based on the ice class rules give the opportunity for useful informations to be extracted, regarding the design principles and the theory behind, as well as a great amount of details in refenence to ice characteristics and their treatment from the ice class rules.
In conclusion, the scope is after the completion of this study, the researcher to be able to clarify the basic topics of ice capable ships, the ice conditions in the Baltic, Arctic and Antarctic Seas, as well as the operational scenarios that a ship may face when navigating in ice, in order to be able to understand the methods used in ice class rules. Equivalances and differences between the two ice class rules and the difficulties in the design should be notified. The calculations of the design ice load for the target vessel ‘Lena River’ gives the opportunity to identify the way to extract the appropriate scantlings and compare the design loads of the two different ice class rules.
Finally, conclusions for the present ice capable ships and proposals for more efficient ship design and risk diminishment are being given as a challenge for the future.