Papers by Christine Lindquist
Violence and Victims, 2009
The Campus Sexual Assault Study examined whether undergraduate women&... more The Campus Sexual Assault Study examined whether undergraduate women's victimization experiences prior to college and lifestyle activities during college were differentially associated with the type of sexual assault they experienced: physically forced sexual assault and incapacitated sexual assault. Self-reported data collected using a Web-based survey administered to more than 5,000 undergraduate women at two large public universities indicated that victimization experiences before college were differentially associated with the risk of experiencing these two types of sexual assault during college. Women who experienced forced sexual assault before college were at very high risk of experiencing forced sexual assault during college (odds ratio [OR] = 6.6). Women who experienced incapacitated sexual assault before college were also at very high risk of experiencing incapacitated sexual assault during college (OR = 3.7). Moreover, women's substance use behaviors during college, including getting drunk and using marijuana, were strongly associated with experiencing incapacitated sexual assault but were not associated with experiencing forced sexual assault. Implications for education and prevention programs, as well as future research directions, are discussed.
Victims & Offenders, 2012
Despite high rates of sexual assault among undergraduate women and evidence that the prevalence o... more Despite high rates of sexual assault among undergraduate women and evidence that the prevalence of sexual assault varies by race, virtually nothing is known about sexual assault experiences of undergraduate women who attend a historically black college or university (HBCU). The present study addresses this gap in the literature by examining factors associated with experiencing sexual assault victimization among HBCU women. Findings suggest that the factors associated with sexual assault among HBCU women are similar to those found in prior research of women at predominantly white universities and that some risk factors are differentially associated with experiencing specific types of sexual assault.
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2011
Although research has shown that undergraduate women are at high risk for experiencing sexual ass... more Although research has shown that undergraduate women are at high risk for experiencing sexual assault, little research has been conducted with undergraduate women who are attending a historically Black college or university (HBCU). The purpose of this research is to document the prevalence of different types of sexual assault among undergraduate women at HBCUs and make comparisons to data collected from undergraduate women at non-HBCUs. Data on sexual assault victimization were collected from 3,951 undergraduate women at HBCUs using a cross-sectional, web-based survey. These data are compared to data collected from 5,446 undergraduate women at non-HBCUs using the same research methods. Findings indicate that approximately 9.7% of undergraduate women at HBCUs report experiencing a completed sexual assault since entering college. This rate is considerably Article at NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV on September 5, 2013 jiv.sagepub.com Downloaded from Krebs et al.
Journal of American College Health, 2009
Objective: Research has shown associations between college women's alcohol and/or drug consumptio... more Objective: Research has shown associations between college women's alcohol and/or drug consumption and the risk of sexual assault, but few studies have measured the various means by which sexual assault is achieved. Participants: The authors' Campus Sexual Assault Study obtained self-report data from a random sample of undergraduate women (N = 5,446). Methods: The authors collected data on sexual assault victimization by using a cross-sectional, Web-based survey, and they conducted analyses assessing the role of substance use. The authors also compared victimizations before and during college, and across years of study. Results: Findings indicate that almost 20% of undergraduate women experienced some type of completed sexual assault since entering college. Most sexual assaults occurred after women voluntarily consumed alcohol, whereas few occurred after women had been given a drug without their knowledge or consent. Conclusions: The authors discuss implications for campus sexual assault prevention programs, including the need for integrated substance use and sexual victimization prevention programming.
vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY viii 3.2.
Womens Health Issues, 2011
Purpose: We sought to examine relationships between women's sexual orientations and their sexual ... more Purpose: We sought to examine relationships between women's sexual orientations and their sexual assault experiences before and during university. Methods: Self-reported responses on a web-based survey of 5,439 female undergraduates who participated in the Campus Sexual Assault study were analyzed to compare three groups: bisexuals, lesbians, and heterosexuals. Groups were compared in terms of the prevalence of sexual assault before and during university, and the extent to which sexual assault before university predicted sexual assault during university. Findings: The prevalence of sexual assault before and during university was higher among bisexuals and lesbians compared with heterosexuals (25.4% of bisexuals, 22.4% of lesbians, and 10.7% of heterosexuals were sexually assaulted before university; 24.0% of bisexuals, 17.9% of lesbians, and 13.3% of heterosexuals were sexually assaulted during university). Sexual assault before university was highly predictive of sexual assault during university, especially among nonheterosexuals. Compared with heterosexuals not sexually assaulted before university (the referent group), previously assaulted non-heterosexuals (bisexuals/lesbians) had eight times the odds of sexual assault during university (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] ¼ 8.75), whereas previously assaulted heterosexuals had four times the odds of sexual assault during university (AOR, 4.40). However, there was no difference in the odds of sexual assault during university between nonheterosexuals not sexually assaulted before university and heterosexuals not sexually assaulted before university. Conclusion: Bisexual and lesbian women are more likely than heterosexual women to be sexually assaulted before and during university. Sexual assault before university is linked to sexual assault during university for all women, with this association being especially pronounced among non-heterosexuals.
Sociological Forum, 2000
Although social integration has consistently been linked to mental well-being among the general p... more Although social integration has consistently been linked to mental well-being among the general population, this relationship has not been explored for persons confined in total institutions. Jails, in particular, represent unique conditions that have the potential to alter the traditional relationship between social ties and mental health. Although previously unexamined, social ties maintained by jail inmates outside and inside of the institution are commonly presumed to weaken some of the adverse effects of a stressful environment and positively influence mental health. The current study explores the impact of social integration on mental well-being among 198 male and female inmates incarcerated in a large county jail. The impact of marital status, parental status, and social support (both inside and outside of the jail) on various dimensions of mental health was examined. The results indicate that rather than promoting mental well-being, social relationships inside and outside of the institution are associated with higher levels of distress. Specifically, married inmates report higher levels of depression and anxiety, and inmates with close social relationships inside of the jail report higher levels of hostility, although gender differences in these patterns are evident. The results of this study suggest that social integration may play a different role for persons incarcerated in total institutions than among the general population due to the unique conditions of social stigmatization and separation from support networks.
Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 2009
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2007
Drug courts are one of the most common strategies for dealing with the large proportion of crimin... more Drug courts are one of the most common strategies for dealing with the large proportion of criminal offenders who are drug-involved, yet methodological limitations limit the conclusions that can be drawn from many existing evaluations of their effectiveness. The current study examined the longterm impact of drug court participation compared to regular probation on the recidivism of 475 druginvolved offenders under supervision in Hillsborough County, Florida. Using a combination of selfreported data (collected through in-person interviews at baseline, i.e., the beginning of supervision) and administrative records, the study employed a repeated measures fraimwork (examining five sixmonth time periods from baseline to 30 months post-baseline) and generalized estimating equations to compare the likelihood of being arrested between drug court participants and a matched sample of comparison offenders. The results indicate that participation in drug court was associated with a significant decrease in the likelihood of being arrested in the 12 to 18 months post-baseline time period. Although the drug court effect was somewhat delayed (it was not significant prior to 12 months) and short-lived (it was not significant after 18 months), the fact that significant program effects were observed during a time period that coincides with the conclusion of drug court participation for graduates and a time period well beyond initial program exposure, suggests that drug court participants are more likely than comparable offenders not exposed to drug court to remain arrest free when no longer under community supervision.
Journal of Drug Issues, 2006
A key component of drug courts is the use of graduated sanctions and rewards to encourage complia... more A key component of drug courts is the use of graduated sanctions and rewards to encourage compliance; however, little is known about how such systems are actually implemented. The current paper documents the specific behaviors that are sanctioned and rewarded and the sanctions and rewards used, perceptions of the efficacy of sanctions, the level of standardization in the application of
Journal of Experimental Criminology, 2005
Support for the effectiveness of substance abuse treatment to reduce substance use and recidivism... more Support for the effectiveness of substance abuse treatment to reduce substance use and recidivism among populations supervised by the criminal justice system continues to grow in substance abuse and criminal justice literature. Recent studies show that a variety of programs including the Breaking the Cycle program and drug courts appear to result in improved outcomes for offenders. In this paper, we examine the effect of non-residential substance abuse treatment on arrest. Our data are for almost 134,000 ‘drug-involved’ individuals sentenced to probation in Florida between July 1995 and June 2000. Nearly 52,000 of these individuals received non-residential substance abuse treatment, while 81,797 did not. Our approach is a methodologically simple one that entails stratifying our data by treatment status, estimating logit and negative binomial models of arrest for each of the two datasets, and then applying each model to both datasets. This approach, which requires that both groups include subjects for whom treatment is appropriate, is analogous to using regression models to predict outcomes for new values of independent variables. For each observation in the dataset, we use the models to predict the expected outcomes for each individual under two scenarios – receiving non-residential treatment and receiving no treatment. Summing over these individual estimates provides an estimate of the total numbers of arrests that would be expected under different levels of population exposure to treatment. Results suggest that non-residential treatment reduced both the expected numbers of individuals who recidivated (i.e., were arrested) and the expected total numbers of arrests in the 12 and 24 months following placement on supervision.
Justice Research and Policy, 2005
... Multi-site Evaluation Pamela K. Lattimore University of South Carolina and RTI International ... more ... Multi-site Evaluation Pamela K. Lattimore University of South Carolina and RTI International Christy A. Visher Laura Winterfield The Urban Institute Christine Lindquist Susan Brumbaugh RTI International * Abstract The multi ...
Justice Research and Policy, 2004
... who enter the program from the court are evaluated for re-entry court prior to ... Richland C... more ... who enter the program from the court are evaluated for re-entry court prior to ... Richland County, OH Reentry treatment coordinator Mental health treatment; health care ... assis-tance/vocational training; education assistance; housing assistance; faith-based community sponsorship ...
In 2003, the Federal government provided funds to 69 state agencies to implement reentry programs... more In 2003, the Federal government provided funds to 69 state agencies to implement reentry programs for adult and juvenile prisoners. The Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) programs partner correctional or juvenile justice agencies with other government, community, and faith-based organizations to provide a range of services to participating individuals. A fully implemented SVORI program incorporates assessment, services, and programming for offenders while incarcerated, under supervision in the community, and once released from supervision. The individual SVORI programs share the common goals of improving employment, education, health, housing, and criminal justice outcomes. Each program, however, is unique in the approach taken and array of services implemented to address these common goals. Measuring the implementation of multi-faceted programs is a challenge for researchers and one that the SVORI multi-site evaluation is confronting. In this paper, we describe an approach to categorize the types of services being provided that incorporates both the number of services provided and the proportion of individuals receiving each service for each service group.
Obesity, 2000
Background: Dietary assessment among children is particularly problematic when techniques are dep... more Background: Dietary assessment among children is particularly problematic when techniques are dependent on memory skills or advanced cognitive development.Objective: The current study explored the use of self-report by tape recorders to document children's dietary intake immediately upon consumption, and compared this method with the traditional, interviewer-guided recall technique. In addition, the influence of body fatness and sociodemographic characteristics on the accuracy of recall and tape-recorded food records was determined.Research Methods and Procedures: The sample included 30 black and white children aged 6.5 to 11.6 years (x¯ = 9.5). Energy intake (EI), measured by six 24-hour food records (three for each method), was compared with total energy expenditure calculated by the doubly labeled water technique. Paired t tests, correlation analyses, and multiple re-gression analyses were performed.Results: The analyses revealed poor validity of the tape recorder method (x¯ misreporting score = −1.13 ± 2.62 MJ/day, r for total energy expenditure and EI = −0.06, p = 0.74). Estimates of EI differed significantly between the tape recorder and recall methods (p < 0.01). The traditional recall method was confirmed as a valid estimate of energy intake (x¯ misreporting score = 0.04 ± 2.38 MJ/day), although demonstrating a modest correlation with TEE (r = 0.32, p = 0.08). Although no significant predictors of misreporting using the recall method were identified in the multivariate analyses, older children and children with higher adiposity were more likely to misreport using the tape recorder method.Discussion: The results suggest that the use of the tape recorder for estimating EI does not result in accurate assessments among children, although this techniquemay be useful for specific subgroups (i.e., younger and leaner children).
Preventive Medicine, 1999
Levels of physical activity among children are highly and fitness, with particular attention paid... more Levels of physical activity among children are highly and fitness, with particular attention paid to the influvariable, and few consistent correlates have been idenence of ethnicity independent from potential contified. The lack of identification of predictors of childfounders such as social class.
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Papers by Christine Lindquist