Papers by Narendrakumar G
This paper presents an approach to remove the dye using chitosan coated glass beads at various pH... more This paper presents an approach to remove the dye using chitosan coated glass beads at various pH, temperature and contact time. Dye decolorization using biopolymers are recent method of interest to remove the dyes from the waste water. In this initial attempt, the chitosan was extracted from prawn shell wastes and applied in bio sorption of azo dyes. This polymer was encapsulated over glass beads. The encapsulated glass beads were packed in a glass column and azo dye decolorization was carried out and determined calorimetrically using UV-Visible spectrophotometer and different isotherms were calculated. The isotherms such as Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin were examined and the appropriate model was identified. The interaction of the dye with chitosan was studied using SEM and FTIR.
Proceedings International
The potential of humic acid as a growth supplement in micropropagation of eclipta alba is reporte... more The potential of humic acid as a growth supplement in micropropagation of eclipta alba is reported in the present investigation. Eclipta alba explants were grown in MS media with BAP and Kinetin as growth factors, and it has been observed that BAP was more effective for in vitro regeneration of the explants. On the other hand, when humic acid was supplemented along with the growth factors, there is an increase in the shoot proliferation within a reduced period of time. The optimum concentration of humic acid required was found to be 300mg/100ml for the effective growth of explants. This study, therefore, supports the use of humic acid as a suitable growth supplement in micropropagation studies.
Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry
The study was aimed to analyze the biological transformation of cellulose in rice bran by Aspergi... more The study was aimed to analyze the biological transformation of cellulose in rice bran by Aspergillus flavus SB04 in SSF for 28 days. The culture conditions such as pH, temperature, moisture content were optimized for the effective production of the enzyme in SSF. Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on cellulase production was further estimated in SMF and were quantified for 24hrs intervals for 7 days Maximum cellulase production for rice bran was observed to be high in glucose (carbon source) and yeast extract (nitrogen source) at initial moisture 75ml, pH 6, temperature 33°C and fermentation period was 14th day that was optimized using response surface methodology. The enzyme production was analyzed individually by dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method, Lowry protein estimation, and filter paper assay. The lignocellulosic degradation was observed and confirmed by FTIR and SEM. The degradation of cellulose periodically increases after 7 days, which influences the yield of cellulase ...
IET Nanobiotechnology
The extensive discomfort in the expulsion of toxic pollutants even at mild concentrations has dem... more The extensive discomfort in the expulsion of toxic pollutants even at mild concentrations has demanded the need for prompt methods for the evacuation of dyes and heavy metals. The effective method for depuration of dye from the effluent is by sorption. Chitosan is a bio-polymer which is gaining an increasing interest as one of the sorbents. It was obtained from the crab shells by undergoing several chemical processes and used as an adsorbent for dye, metal removal and also for pharmaceutical purposes. Cross linking it with other co polymers will increase the capacity of adsorption to a maximum level. Fish scales are considered to be a major waste in the food industry and since it takes a long time for decomposing it is considered to be one of the pollutants. Hence it is utilised by converting it into activated carbon by preliminary treatment and into a muffle furnace. The obtained activated carbon is combined with chitosan by using a cross linker and utilised for adsorption mechanism. To analyse the effect of chitosan cross linked with activated carbon obtained from fish scales in adsorption of dye Reactive Blue 9 (RB9) to evaluate the adsorption studies, kinetics, mass transfer studies, thermodynamics of the bio adsorbent.
Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports
Introduction: Nowadays, enzyme-based removal of hazardous dyes that pollute the environment has b... more Introduction: Nowadays, enzyme-based removal of hazardous dyes that pollute the environment has been considered as a substitute and ecofriendly method compared to the physical and chemical method. The present study was conceived in order to obtain the optimal condition for laccase-mediated (purified from the Pleurotus ostreatus PKN04) decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R dye; a mono-azo dye, using the central composite design of response surface methodology (RSM). Materials and Methods: The design of experiment was suggested with 6 variables including pH, temperature, incubation time, agitation, dye concentration, and enzyme concentration, which were applied in order to optimize the decolorization process. The kinetic and energetic factors of laccases for the enzymatic removal of Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R dye was investigated. Results: Decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R was maximally 95.72%, which had occurred at 6.0 pH, 40°C temperature, 60 minutes incubation time, 50 rpm agitation, 50 ppm dye concentration, and 100 IU/mL enzyme concentration. The obtained results of kinetic introduced the laccase-catalyzed decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R as an endothermic reaction with K m and V max values of 0.801 mM and 387 mM/ mg/min, respectively. In addition to the above results, the toxicity study against bacteria revealed that the toxicity of laccase-treated dye drastically reduced to the untreated dye. Conclusions: The results of the present analysis reveal that the Pleurotus ostreatus laccase is an efficient biocatalyst for decolorization of synthetic dye Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R dye.
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
Laccase (benzenediol:oxygen oxidoreductases, EC 1.10.3.2) plays very important role in the enviro... more Laccase (benzenediol:oxygen oxidoreductases, EC 1.10.3.2) plays very important role in the environmental applications. Laccases are the largest subgroup of multicopper oxidases having the capacity to oxidize phenol compounds. The first laccase was identified in plant species in Japanese lacquer tree Rhus vernicifera. Later this enzyme was also isolated from the other diverse species like bacteria, fungi, insects etc. The majority of laccases have been identified from higher fungi, mostly in white rot fungus. But much importance has been given to bacterial laccase because of its ease of culture and maintenance. Laccase is synthesis in both extracellular and intracellular organisms. In this study, a phylogenetic analysis with 10 species of plants, 13 species of bacteria, 28 species of fungi, 09 species of insects which are the representatives of laccase producers were analysed. Various phylogenetic algorithms were used to construct trees for these organisms and fungi was choose as the outgroup, since they are considered as the most primitive of the lot. Manual multiple sequence alignment was performed using Bioedit ver. 7.1.11. Mutation and divergence rates of the laccases were calculated. PHYLIP 3.7 was used to perform the phylogenetic analysis. KEY WORDS: Laccase, multiple alignment, BIOEDIT, PHYLIP, Mutation and divergence rate 1. INTRODUCTION Laccases are important for many reasons, especially for their environmental applications. Laccase (benzenediol: oxygen oxidoreductases, EC 1.10.3.2) are the largest subgroup of multicopper oxidases having the capacity to oxidize phenol compounds. Laccase oxidize polyphenols, methoxy-substituted phenols, diamines and other compounds, but it do not oxidize tyrosine. Phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relationships. Phylogenetic analysis is the means of inferring or estimating these relationships. The evolutionary history inferred from phylogenetic analysis is usually depicted as branching, treelike diagrams that represent an estimated pedigree of the inherited relationships among molecules (''gene trees''), organisms, or both. Maximum parsimony (MP) is an optimization criterion that adheres to the principle that the best explanation of the data is the simplest, which in turn is the one requiring the fewest ad hoc assumptions. In practical terms, the MP tree is the shortest-the one with the fewest changes-which, by definition, is also the one with the fewest parallel changes. There are several variants of MP that differ with regard to the permitted directionality of character state change . Complete gene sequences from 10 species of plants, 13 species of bacteria, 28 species of fungi, 09 species of insects which synthesise laccase were obtained from the the NCBI database. Among bacteria the laccase synthesising organisms ones selected were Azospirillum lipoferum, Bacillus subtilis,
Journal of Pharmacy Research, Feb 9, 2011
Soil samples were collected and were screened for aflatoxin producing organisms. Aspergillus flav... more Soil samples were collected and were screened for aflatoxin producing organisms. Aspergillus flavus was isolated from those soil samples and they were cultivated in media. Simultaneously along with the soil isolates the MTCC strain, Aspergillus parasiticus was also purchased and tested to compare the amount of aflatoxin production by MTCC strain and the fungal isolate. Groundnuts and corn kernels were used as substrate for growth of aflatoxin producing organisms. Aflatoxin was extracted using chloroform, methanol and acetonitrile and its comparative study was done. TLC and UV spectrophotometry were used for conformation of presence of aflatoxin B 1 in the extracts. The inhibitory effects on growth of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus were done with Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis. Antagonistic effect on the production of aflatoxin was carried out with Trichoderma viridae and Fusarium spp.
Background: Hydrogen is widely used feedstock for the production of chemicals, hydrogenation of f... more Background: Hydrogen is widely used feedstock for the production of chemicals, hydrogenation of fats and oils and in reformualation of gasoline etc. Bio-hydrogen is an environmentally friendly alternative automotive fuel that can be used in an internal combustion engine. Due to its environmental merits, the share of bio-hydrogen in the automotive fuel market will grow fast in the next decade. There are several reasons for bio-hydrogen to be considered as a relevant technology by both industrialized and developing countries. Objective: Biogas production from starch-rich kitchen waste from the Sathyabama University, Chennai was investigated in a laboratory scale using single-state digester with different combination of slurry made from cow dung (inoculum) and kitchen waste (substrate). Results: The maximum efficiency of 32% hkydrogen production in the digester was obtained at pH of 5.0–6.0, temperature of 32 ± 1 o C. The amount of the gas produced was calculated by water displacement ...
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
In monogastric animals the ability of digesting phytase is lacking which hydrolysis phytate to re... more In monogastric animals the ability of digesting phytase is lacking which hydrolysis phytate to release phosphate. This paper concentrates on the commercial production of phytase which replenish the need of phosphate in livestock feed production. Response surface methodology was applied for the optimization of phytase production by Hypocrea lixii SURT01. Four factors such as carbon source (sucrose), nitrogen source (peptone), substrate (phytate) in different concentration and pH were optimized using central composite design (CCD). The optimum levels of variables that supported maximum enzyme activity were 1.5% sucrose, 0.2% phytate, 3% peptone and pH 7.5. The validity of the model in optimized conditions was verified. With this composition, the phytase production was 74.56IU (average of three repeats) after 96 h of cultivation, while the predicted maximum production was 73.42 IU. The optimized medium resulted in significant increase of the phytase yield by Hypocrea lixii in shake-fla...
Serratia marcescens was found to be one of the active organisms that produce chitinase. The optim... more Serratia marcescens was found to be one of the active organisms that produce chitinase. The optimal conditions high yields of chitinase were obtained in 4–6 days. The S. marcescens enzyme system is extracellular and is composed of an endochitinase, a chitobiase, and a factor (CH1) required for the hydrolysis of "crystalline" chitin. Chitin is among the most abundant biomass present on Earth. Chitinase plays an important role in the decomposition of chitin and potentially in the utilization of chitin as a renewable resource. Chitinases have received increased attention because of their wide range of applications. Chito-oligomers produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin have been of interest in recent years due to their broad applications in medical, agricultural, and industrial applications, including antibacterial, antifungal, hypocholesterolemic, and antihypertensive activity, and as a food quality enhancer. Microorganisms, particularly bacteria, form one of the major s...
Kinetics of the enzymatic degradation of phytate using phytase has been examined. The initial rat... more Kinetics of the enzymatic degradation of phytate using phytase has been examined. The initial rate of reaction was determined experimentally at different substrate concentration by assessing the rate of phosphate released. Michaels-Menten(MM) kinetic model has been proposed to calculate the initial rate of digestion using sodium phtate. The kinetic parameters were estimated by fitting the data to the model using three methods, namely, the Lineweaver -Burk (LB), Edie-Hofstee(EF) and Hanes methods. The Michaels-Menten model with the constant predicted by Edie-Hofstee and Hanes methods predicted the initial rate of reaction at various substrate concentrations better than the model with the constant predicted Lineweaver-Burk method (Vmax=0.7192, Km =166.4), especially at high substrate concentrations.The plots tend to spread out the data points for higher values of [S], so that the slope, and hence the value of Km can be determined accurately. The Michaelis-Menten kinetic model equation...
Presence of iron salts is found to influence the production of pigments in some microorganisms. B... more Presence of iron salts is found to influence the production of pigments in some microorganisms. Bacillus sp are known to produce pigments in the presence of FeSO4 or any ferrous ions in the medium. In this study, Bacillus subtilis SU-10 was isolated from garden soil of Sathyabama University which was found to produce pigment in FeSO4 rich medium. The pigment was isolated and characterized by GC analysis. The pigment was also subjected for bioactivity such as antibacterial and cytotoxicity assay. The pigment did not show any interesting bioactivity.
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for biota to live, and is the limiting factor for plant growt... more Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for biota to live, and is the limiting factor for plant growth in freshwater ecosystems. The algal growth is enhanced by addition of phosphorus, but not all phosphates actually feed algae. This may result in increased levels of phosphorus. However, because phosphorus is generally much less soluble than nitrogen, the leaching rate of phosphorus is comparatively slow. Consequently, phosphorus is much more important as a limiting nutrient in aquatic systems. Some animals lack phytase which hydrolysis phytate to release phosphate. This paper concentrates on the mathematic modelling, optimization of media constituents and commercial production of phytase which stock up the need of phosphate in livestock feed production. Response surface methodology was employed for the optimization of phytase production by Hypocrea lixii SURT01 a fungal isolated from soil sample. Different parameters like carbon source (sucrose), nitrogen source (peptone), substrate (p...
The potential of humic acid as a growth supplement in micropropagation of Eclipta alba is reporte... more The potential of humic acid as a growth supplement in micropropagation of Eclipta alba is reported in the present investigation. Eclipta alba explants were grown in MS media with BAP and Kinetin as growth factors and it has been observed that BAP was more effective for in vitro regeneration of the explants. On the other hand, when humic acid was supplemented along with the growth factors, there is an increase in the shoot proliferation within a reduced period of time. The optimum concentration of humic acid required was found to be 300 mg/100 ml for the effective growth of explants. This study therefore supports the use of humic acid as a suitable growth supplement in micropropagation studies.
Der Pharma Chemica
During the recent days, investigations in pollution control of industrial effluents become one of... more During the recent days, investigations in pollution control of industrial effluents become one of the pinnacle problems of the society. Molasses used in distilleries for production of alcohol by fermentation process, generating highly organic and colored wastewater which is released as distilled spent waste. Treatment with microorganism is widely used to reduce 65-70% COD and 80-85% BOD level from the wastewater by converting the organic content present in it. This work assess the optimization ratio of coagulant and flocculant by RSM-CCD (10% PAC, 10% Maxfloc 508 and 0.2% Maxfloc C22). The R 2 value of coagulation was calculated as 0.99194 and Adjusted R 2 value of 0.984695 with predicated R 2 value as 0.938909. The microorganism isolated from UASB sludge was used as a microbial degradation of the spent wash waste after coagulation and further on subjected for EMBR and filtration. The suitability of E-MBR for distillery wastewater treatment for the maximum decolorization upto 90% us...
Journal of Pharmacy Research
The present investigation was carried out in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hydroge... more The present investigation was carried out in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) was selected for the stress conditions because it is central to the cytotoxic action of many oxidative agents and there is also a routine generation of it as a by-product of oxidative metabolism. Further on the efficiency of these enzymes under oxidative stress was analyzed. The significant rise of catalases in the organisms under study is evident from the results. When bacteria treated with low doses of oxidants adapted well and subsequent treatment which leads to high doses of these oxidants results in the expression of numerous genes. During second day the nutrient depletion could have also resulted in the exorbitant rise of proteins. The increase in protein levels could be because of over-expression of regular proteins found in the cell or might also be because of expression of novel proteins in the cells. The experimental values indicated that cultures of Pseudo...
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
Fusarium venenatum – Mycoprotein are rich in protein, sugars and essential fatty acid and supplem... more Fusarium venenatum – Mycoprotein are rich in protein, sugars and essential fatty acid and supplemented as dietary food for human and animal consumption in the various parts of the world. Biomass production is highly prejudiced by supplying nutritional factors in the media. Response surface methodology (RSM) is an important tool to optimize the various essential factors for the production of biomass and yield the desired concentration of metabolite that satisfy the requirement in bioprocess industries. In the present study, Response surface methodology via Central composite Design (CCD) was used to optimize the medium components to improve biomass yield. The medium components involved are liquefied jaggery, date extract, KH 2 PO 4 and K 2 HPO 4 . Thus maximum biomass was observed in 7 th trial, the medium components were liquefied jaggery 2.5 ml, date extract 8ml, KH 2 PO 4 500mg, K 2 HPO 4 100mg and 5% of inoculum with 72 hrs. A growing range of food constituents used in the manufac...
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Objective: Phytases have important applications in human and animal nutrition because they hydrol... more Objective: Phytases have important applications in human and animal nutrition because they hydrolyze the phytate present in legumes, cereal grains and oil seeds to release inorganic phosphate. Supplementation of phosphate to the poultry causes a serious problem of eutrophication. This can be reduced by incorporating phytase in poultry feed. Present study explains extracellular phytase production by SmF and SSF from a fungal strain Hypocrea lixii SURT01. Methods: Extracellular phytase production by Hypocrea lixii SURT01 was evaluated in media containing various refined carbon sources (Fructose, Sucrose, Maltose and lactose in concentration ranging from 1.5% to 7.5%) along with standard medium under submerged fermentation (SmF). At the same time, phytase production was studied under Solid State Fermentation (SSF) with four different substrate such as barley, green gram, bengal gram and black gram. Results: In SmF out of different carbon sources in various concentrations, 6% sucrose sh...
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Papers by Narendrakumar G