Thailand

Kinrick o Thailand
Kinrick o Thailand; ราชอาณาจักรไทย; Ratcha Anachak Thai
	Banner Emblem
	Motto: ; (unofficial) ชาติ ศาสนา พระมหากษัตริย์ (Thai); Chat, Satsana, Phra Maha Kasat; "Naition, Releegions, Keeng"
	Anthem: Phleng Chat Thai; Thai Naitional Anthem (instrumental); Ryal anthem: Sansoen Phra Barami; Thai Ryal Anthem (instrumental);
Caipital	Bangkok; 13°45′N 100°29′E / 13.750°N 100.483°E
Lairgest ceety	capital
Offeecial leids	Thai
Official script	Thai alphabet
Ethnic groups (2009)	75–85% Thai (incl. Central Thai, Northeastren Thai, Northren Thai an Soothren Thai); 14% Thai Cheenese; ; 11% Ithers (incl. Malay, Khmer, "Hill tribes");
Demonym(s)	Thai
Govrenment	Unitary pairlamentary constitutional monarchy
• Keeng	Rama X
• Actin Prime Meenister	Prayut Chan-o-cha
Legislatur	Naitional Assembly
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	Hoose o Representatives
Formation
• Sukhothai Kinrick	1238–1448
• Ayutthaya Kinrick	1351–1767
• Thonburi Kinrick	1768–1782
• Rattanakosin Kinrick	6 Aprile 1782
• Constitutional monarchy	24 Juin 1932
Aurie
• Total	513,120 km2 (198,120 sq mi) (51st)
• Water (%)	0.4 (2,230 km2)
Population
• 2011 estimate	66,720,153 (20t)
• 2010 census	65,479,453
• Density	132.1/km2 (342.1/sq mi) (88t)
GDP (PPP)	2013 estimate
• Total	$701.554 billion
• Per capita	$10,849
GDP (nominal)	2013 estimate
• Tot	$424.985 billion
• Per capita	$6,572
Gini (2010)	39.4; medium
HDI	0.690; medium · 103rd
Currency	Baht (฿) (THB)
Time zone	UTC+7
Drivin side	left
Cawin code	+66
ISO 3166 code	TH
Internet TLD	.th; .ไทย;

Thailand (Thai: ประเทศไทย), umwhile Siam (Thai: สยาม), an offeecially the Kinrick o Thailand, is an independent kintra that lies in the hert o Sootheast Asie. It is bordered tae the north bi Burma an Laos, tae the aest bi Laos an Cambodie, tae the sooth bi the Gulf o Thailand an Malaysie, an tae the wast bi the Andaman Sea an the soothren extremity o Burma. Its maritime boondaries include Vietnam in the Gulf o Thailand tae the sootheast an Indonesie an Indie in the Andaman Sea tae the soothwast.

Etymology

The kintra's offeecial name wis Siam (Thai: สยาม RTGS: Sayam, IPA: [sàjǎːm]) until Juin 23, 1939,^[11] when it wis chynged tae Thailand. It wis then renamed Siam frae 1945 tae Mey 11, 1949, efter which it wis again renamed Thailand. An aa spelled Sayam, Syâm or Syâma, it haes been identified wi the Sanskrit Śyâma (श्याम, meanin "daurk" or "brown"). The names Shan an A-hom seem tae be variants o the same wird, an Śyâma is possibly no its oreegin but a learned an artificial distortion.^[12]

The wird Thai (ไทย) is no, as commonly believed derived frae the wird Tai (ไท) meanin "freedom" in the Thai leid; it is, housomeivver, the name o an ethnic group frae the central plains (the Thai fowk). A famous Thai scholar argued that Tai (ไท) simply means "fowk" or "human being" syne his investigation shows that in some rural auries the wird "Tai" wis uised instead o the uisual Thai wird "khon" (คน) for fowk.^[13] The Thai uise the phrase "land o the free" tae express pride in the fact that Thailand is the ae kintra in Sootheast Asie niver colonized bi an ootside pouer.

While the Thai fowk will aften refer tae thair kintra uisin the polite form Prathet Thai (Thai: ประเทศไทย), thay maist commonly uise the mair colloquial wird Mueang Thai (Thai: เมืองไทย) or simply Thai (Thai: ไทย); the wird mueang (Thai: เมือง) meanin naition but maist commonly uised tae refer tae a ceety or toun. Ratcha Anachak Thai (Thai: ราชอาณาจักรไทย) means "Kinrick o Thailand".

Etymologically, its components are: -Ratcha- (frae Sanskrit raja, meanin "keeng, royal, realm") ; -ana- (frae Pāli āṇā, "authority, command, pouer", itself frae Sanskrit ājñā, same meanin) -chak (frae Sanskrit cakra or cakraṃ meanin "wheel", a seembol o pouer an rule). The Thai Naitional Anthem (Thai: เพลงชาติ) refers tae the Thai naition as: prathet-thai (Thai: ประเทศไทย). The first line o the naitional anthem is: prathet thai ruam lueat nuea chat chuea thai (Thai: ประเทศไทยรวมเลือดเนื้อชาติเชื้อไทย) an wis translatit in 1939 bi Colonel Luang Saranuprabhandi as: “Thailand is the unity o Thai blood an body.”

Administrative divisions

Thailand is dividit intae 76 provinces (จังหวัด, changwat), which are gathered intae 5 groups o provinces bi location. Thare are an aa 2 special governed destricts: the caipital Bangkok (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon) an Pattaya, o which Bangkok is at provincial level an sicweys aften coontit as a 77t province.

Each province is dividit intae destricts an the destricts are further dividit intae sub-destricts (tambons). As o 2010 thare are 878 destricts (อำเภอ, amphoe) an the 50 destricts o Bangkok (เขต, khet). Some pairts o the provinces borderin Bangkok are an aa referred tae as Greater Bangkok (ปริมณฑล, pari monthon). Thir provinces include Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani, Samut Prakan, Nakhon Pathom an Samut Sakhon. The name o each province's caipital ceety (เมือง, mueang) is the same as that o the province. For example, the caipital o Chiang Mai province (changwat Chiang Mai) is Mueang Chiang Mai or Chiang Mai. The 76 provinces are as follaes:

Central

Ang Thong
Bangkok (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon), Special Governed Destrict o
Chai Nat
Kamphaeng Phet
Lopburi
Nakhon Nayok
Nakhon Pathom
Nakhon Sawan
Nonthaburi
Pathum Thani
Phetchabun
Phichit
Phitsanulok
Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya
Samut Prakan
Samut Sakhon
Samut Songkhram
Saraburi
Sing Buri
Sukhothai
Suphan Buri
Uthai Thani

East

North

Northeast (Isan)

Amnat Charoen
Buri Ram
Chaiyaphum
Kalasin
Khon Kaen
Loei
Maha Sarakham
Mukdahan
Nakhon Phanom
Nakhon Ratchasima
Nong Bua Lamphu
Nong Khai
Roi Et
Sakon Nakhon
Si Sa Ket
Surin
Ubon Ratchathani
Phra Borommathat Nakhon Si Thammarat Thailand
Udon Thani
Yasothon

Sooth

Wast

Lairgest Metropolitan Auries o Thailand
Bangkok Pattaya Beach Nakhon Ratchasima
	Rank	Metropolitan aurie	Population	Chiang Mai Hatyai
	1	Bangkok	11,971,000
	2	Pattaya-Chon Buri	1,183,604
	3	Chiang Mai	960,906
	4	Hat Yai-Songkhla	801,747
	5	Nakhon Ratchasima	439,546

References

↑ Thailand Archived 2010-12-29 at the Wayback Machine, CIA World Factbook.
↑ McCargo, Duncan; Hongladarom, Krisadawan (2004), "Contesting Isan-ness: Discourses of politics and identity in Northeast Thailand", Asian Ethnicity, Taylor & Francis, 5 (2): 219, ISSN 1463-1369
↑ David Levinson (1998), Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook, Oryx Pres, p. 287, ISBN 1573560197
↑ Paul, Lewis M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D. (2013), Ethnologue: Languages of the World, SIL International, ISBN 978-1-55671-216-6
↑ Barbara A. West (2009), Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania, Facts on File, p. 794, ISBN 1438119135
↑ ประกาศสานักทะเบียนกลาง กรมการปกครอง เรื่อง จานวนราษฎรทั่วราชอาณาจักร แยกเป็นกรุงเทพมหานครและจังหวัดต่าง ๆ ตามหลักฐานการทะเบียนราษฎร ณ วันที่ 31 ธันวาคม 2553. Web.archive.org (2011-07-16). Retrieved 20 May 2012.
↑ (in Thai) National Statistics Office, "100th anniversary of population censuses in Thailand: Population and housing census 2010: 11th census of Thailand" Archived 2012-07-12 at the Wayback Machine. popcensus.nso.go.th.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Thailand". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 18 Apryle 2013.
↑ "Gini Index". World Bank. Retrieved 2 Mairch 2011.
↑ "Human Development Report 2011 – Human development statistical annex" (PDF). HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. pp. 127–130. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
↑ Thailand (Siam) History, CSMngt-Thai.
↑ Eliot, Charles (1921). The Project Gutenberg EBook of Hinduism and Buddhism, An Historical Sketch, Vol. 3 (of 3) [EBook #16847]. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. pp. Ch. xxxvii 1, citing in turn Footnote 189: The name is foond on Champan inscriptions o 1050 A.D. an accordin tae Gerini appears in Ptolemy's Samarade = Sâmaraṭṭha. See Gerini, Ptolemy, p. 170. But Samarade is locatit near Bangkok an there can hardly hae been Tais there in Ptolemy's time, and Footnote 190: So too in Central Asia Kustana appears tae be a learned distortion o the name Khotan, made tae give it a meanin in Sanskrit.
↑ จิตร ภูมิศักดิ์ 1976: "ความเป็นมาของคำสยาม ไทย ลาวและขอม และลักษณะทางสังคม ของชื่อชนชาติ" (Jid Phumisak 1976: "Coming Into Existence for the Siamese Words for Thai, Laotian and Khmer and Societal Characteristics for Nation-names")

Freemit airtins

Govrenment

Thaigov.go.th Ryal Govrenment o Thailand
Chief o State an Cabinet Members Archived 2008-12-10 at the Wayback Machine
Mfa.go.th Thailand Meenistry o Foreign Affairs
Thailand Internet Information Naitional Electronics an Computer Technology Center
Meenistry o Cultur Archived 2014-08-11 at the Wayback Machine

General information

Thailand Archived 2009-02-07 at the Wayback Machine frae UCB Libraries GovPubs
Thailand at Curlie
Wikimedia Atlas o Thailand
Longdo Map On-line Thailand maps in Inglis an Thai
Thailand Laws Archived 2009-12-12 at the Wayback Machine - Thailand acts an legal information, baith in Inglis an Thai leid.

Traivel

Tourism Authority o Thailand Offeecial tourism wabsteid
Travel guide tae Thailand frae Wikivoyage

Ither

Flickr: Photos tagged wi "Thailand"
Thailand Country Fact Sheet frae the Common Language Project

[CIA-1] Thailand Archived 2010-12-29 at the Wayback Machine, CIA World Factbook.

[McCargoHong-2] McCargo, Duncan; Hongladarom, Krisadawan (2004), "Contesting Isan-ness: Discourses of politics and identity in Northeast Thailand", Asian Ethnicity, Taylor & Francis, 5 (2): 219, ISSN 1463-1369

[3] David Levinson (1998), Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook, Oryx Pres, p. 287, ISBN 1573560197

[Ethno2013-4] Paul, Lewis M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D. (2013), Ethnologue: Languages of the World, SIL International, ISBN 978-1-55671-216-6

[West794-5] Barbara A. West (2009), Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania, Facts on File, p. 794, ISBN 1438119135

[6] ประกาศสานักทะเบียนกลาง กรมการปกครอง เรื่อง จานวนราษฎรทั่วราชอาณาจักร แยกเป็นกรุงเทพมหานครและจังหวัดต่าง ๆ ตามหลักฐานการทะเบียนราษฎร ณ วันที่ 31 ธันวาคม 2553. Web.archive.org (2011-07-16). Retrieved 20 May 2012.

[7] (in Thai) National Statistics Office, "100th anniversary of population censuses in Thailand: Population and housing census 2010: 11th census of Thailand" Archived 2012-07-12 at the Wayback Machine. popcensus.nso.go.th.

[imf2-8] "Thailand". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 18 Apryle 2013.

[wb-gini-9] "Gini Index". World Bank. Retrieved 2 Mairch 2011.

[UNDP-10] "Human Development Report 2011 – Human development statistical annex" (PDF). HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. pp. 127–130. Retrieved 2 November 2011.

[ThaiCSM-11] Thailand (Siam) History, CSMngt-Thai.

[12] Eliot, Charles (1921). The Project Gutenberg EBook of Hinduism and Buddhism, An Historical Sketch, Vol. 3 (of 3) [EBook #16847]. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. pp. Ch. xxxvii 1, citing in turn Footnote 189: The name is foond on Champan inscriptions o 1050 A.D. an accordin tae Gerini appears in Ptolemy's Samarade = Sâmaraṭṭha. See Gerini, Ptolemy, p. 170. But Samarade is locatit near Bangkok an there can hardly hae been Tais there in Ptolemy's time, and Footnote 190: So too in Central Asia Kustana appears tae be a learned distortion o the name Khotan, made tae give it a meanin in Sanskrit.

[13] จิตร ภูมิศักดิ์ 1976: "ความเป็นมาของคำสยาม ไทย ลาวและขอม และลักษณะทางสังคม ของชื่อชนชาติ" (Jid Phumisak 1976: "Coming Into Existence for the Siamese Words for Thai, Laotian and Khmer and Societal Characteristics for Nation-names")

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