Eighty-one male extended-care patients relocated due to planned demolition of the building in whi... more Eighty-one male extended-care patients relocated due to planned demolition of the building in which their ward was located were followed for 21 mo. from the date of transfer. No increase in mortality rate was detected during the first 3 mo. post-relocation, an interval usually associated with high mortality in elderly persons involuntarily relocated. During the first year after relocation, the death rate was 33.33%, compared to an average annual death rate of 41.20% during the 5 years preceding the move. At 21 mo., half the relocated population were alive. These data contrast with previous studies, most of which show increased mortality after relocation, and lead us to concur with those who suggest that the degree of environmental change involved may be a key factor in explaining variance in relocation effects.
Tenants in retirement housing given a 6-week program of Feldenkrais exercises were compared with ... more Tenants in retirement housing given a 6-week program of Feldenkrais exercises were compared with a group given conventional exercises and with control groups given no exercises. Analysis of covariance of preliminary and subsequent measurements failed to yield any significant differences between groups. Measurements included height, weight, blood pressure, heart rate, balance, flexibility, morale, self-perceived health status and level of performance of activities of daily living, also the number of body parts difficult to move or giving rise to pain. Several possible reasons are given for the results. Attention is drawn to the necessity of medically screening and monitoring elderly registrants for exercise programs since it is apparent that some sign up who should not.
Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, Feb 1, 2008
... Gloria M. Gutman, PhD, is Immediate Past-President of the International Associa-tion of Geron... more ... Gloria M. Gutman, PhD, is Immediate Past-President of the International Associa-tion of Gerontology & Geriatrics, Co-Leader of the British Columbia Network for Ag-ing Research and Director, Dr. Tong Louie Living Laboratory, Gerontology Research Centre, Simon Fraser ...
Page 1. 4 q-ii I IEB INSHH _ _' ii Page 2. Aging, Ageism and Abuse Moving from Awareness to ... more Page 1. 4 q-ii I IEB INSHH _ _' ii Page 2. Aging, Ageism and Abuse Moving from Awareness to Action Gloria Gutman Charmaine Spencer Page 3. Brief Table of Contents Front-matter Copyright Preface Contributors' biographies ...
Rationing home care services has become a common strategy used by state/provincial governments to... more Rationing home care services has become a common strategy used by state/provincial governments to control escalating health care costs, particularly at a time when very little new funding has been re-directed to the home care sector. Across British Columbia, Regional Health Authorities had implemented service reforms that call for the discharge of higher functioning clients from home support service. This paper describes the coping strategies of 137 senior clients who were discharged from home support services and from the Continuing Care Program in the Simon Fraser Health Region located in British Columbia, Canada. Personal interviews were conducted by experienced case managers to gain an understanding of how seniors were coping 19 to 21 months after their discharge. Of the 137 clients, 34.3% are characterized as being "home alone and suffering in silence," 29.2% reported receiving assistance from informal sources or reported paying out-of-pocket for private care, and 28.4% reported that they can do the work better themselves. The remaining 8.0% of participants reported mixed feelings about the impact of their discharge from home support service. The effectiveness of discharge targeted to a senior population is discussed and it is suggested that functional status together with age are important criteria when rationing home care services.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Dec 1, 1972
Eighty-four subjects rated eight hypothetical situations for pleasantness, tension, and consisten... more Eighty-four subjects rated eight hypothetical situations for pleasantness, tension, and consistency on 9-point scales. The situations were of the personother-object (P-O-X) type, consisting of two persons and an unspecified but important "thing." The situations varied in terms of the liking relation between P and O (positive or negative) and the presence or absence of agreement concerning X. Intercorrelation of the ratings indicated that the subjects tended to regard as unpleasant the same situations that they regarded as tension provoking. Tension and pleasantness ratings correlated less with the consistency ratings than with each other. There was evidence that the pleasantness and tension ratings were based more on attraction (i.e., the sign of the P/0 bond) than on agreement or balance. Balance was, however, the more important factor when the subjects rated for consistency. The findings, when taken together, have three major implications: (a) balance relates more directly to the cognitive than to the affective component of social perception; (6) dependent measures based on affect, for example, pleasantness ratings, seem inappropriate to Heider's theory; and (c) when an appropriate cognitive task is employed, contrary to Newcomb's predictions, balance effects emerge for both P/O positive and P/O negative sentiment bonds.
RÉSUMÉLa présente étude vise à déterminer si des différences existent entre les divers modèles de... more RÉSUMÉLa présente étude vise à déterminer si des différences existent entre les divers modèles de changement de culture (MCC) relativement à la perception du personnel soignant agréé à l’égard de l’accès aux structures d’habilitation et des prestations connues de soins individualisés. Nous avons embauché des employés qui travaillent dans des établissements ayant mis en œuvre les modèles sociaux de soins Eden Alternative, GentleCare ou Facility Specific ou n’ayant pas implanté de MCC. Nous avons effectué des analyses de variance multidimensionnelles de chacun des trois groupes de personnel soignant (infirmières autorisées, infirmières auxiliaires autorisées et aides-soignants) en fonction de chaque CCM. Les résultats indiquent qu’il existe des différences considérables entre le personnel soignant agréé et entre chacun des MCC. Plus le personnel soignant côtoie quotidiennement les patients, plus l’influence des MCC semble affecter l’autonomisation perçue et les prestations connues de soins individualisés. Des recherches suggèrent que les employés travaillant dans des établissements ayant mis en œuvre un des modèles sociaux de soins mentionnés ci-dessus profitent des meilleures conditions de travail. Inversement, parmi les établissements ayant implanté un de ces modèles, seul le personnel d’un établissement a fourni des réponses différentes de celles des employés travaillant dans des établissements sans MCC.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Feb 1, 1974
A study was conducted in which children in four age groups-5-6, 7-8, 9-10, and 11-12 years-rated ... more A study was conducted in which children in four age groups-5-6, 7-8, 9-10, and 11-12 years-rated eight hypothetical social situations of the P-O-X type for pleasantness and for psychological consistency. The results indicated that children in all age groups based their ratings of both pleasantness and consistency primarily on attraction (i.e., the sign of the P/O bond). Balance and agreement effects, although statistically significant, were small in all groups. The findings were confirmed in a cross-validation study conducted concurrently with the principal study by an independent naive experimenter.
This paper reports the home-facility and level of care changes, discharges, and deaths over a fiv... more This paper reports the home-facility and level of care changes, discharges, and deaths over a five-year period for 1,653 clients newly admitted in 1978 to a long-term care program in British Columbia, Canada. Five years after admission, of clients initially admitted to care at home (N = 1241), 34.3 per cent were still in the program (14.5 per cent unchanged; 6.7 per cent at home but at a higher level of care, and 11.7 per cent in facilities). Of the remainder, 38.9 per cent had died and 26.8 per cent had been discharged. Findings for those initially admitted to care in facilities (N = 412) are remarkably similar. After five years, 28.4 per cent of these clients were still in the program; 39.3 per cent had died. Moves from facility to home care were few (2.4 per cent). Despite their advanced age at admission (mean = 74.7, S.D. 14.6), one-third were still in the program five years later, some with status virtually unchanged.
Eighty-one male extended-care patients relocated due to planned demolition of the building in whi... more Eighty-one male extended-care patients relocated due to planned demolition of the building in which their ward was located were followed for 21 mo. from the date of transfer. No increase in mortality rate was detected during the first 3 mo. post-relocation, an interval usually associated with high mortality in elderly persons involuntarily relocated. During the first year after relocation, the death rate was 33.33%, compared to an average annual death rate of 41.20% during the 5 years preceding the move. At 21 mo., half the relocated population were alive. These data contrast with previous studies, most of which show increased mortality after relocation, and lead us to concur with those who suggest that the degree of environmental change involved may be a key factor in explaining variance in relocation effects.
Tenants in retirement housing given a 6-week program of Feldenkrais exercises were compared with ... more Tenants in retirement housing given a 6-week program of Feldenkrais exercises were compared with a group given conventional exercises and with control groups given no exercises. Analysis of covariance of preliminary and subsequent measurements failed to yield any significant differences between groups. Measurements included height, weight, blood pressure, heart rate, balance, flexibility, morale, self-perceived health status and level of performance of activities of daily living, also the number of body parts difficult to move or giving rise to pain. Several possible reasons are given for the results. Attention is drawn to the necessity of medically screening and monitoring elderly registrants for exercise programs since it is apparent that some sign up who should not.
Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, Feb 1, 2008
... Gloria M. Gutman, PhD, is Immediate Past-President of the International Associa-tion of Geron... more ... Gloria M. Gutman, PhD, is Immediate Past-President of the International Associa-tion of Gerontology & Geriatrics, Co-Leader of the British Columbia Network for Ag-ing Research and Director, Dr. Tong Louie Living Laboratory, Gerontology Research Centre, Simon Fraser ...
Page 1. 4 q-ii I IEB INSHH _ _' ii Page 2. Aging, Ageism and Abuse Moving from Awareness to ... more Page 1. 4 q-ii I IEB INSHH _ _' ii Page 2. Aging, Ageism and Abuse Moving from Awareness to Action Gloria Gutman Charmaine Spencer Page 3. Brief Table of Contents Front-matter Copyright Preface Contributors' biographies ...
Rationing home care services has become a common strategy used by state/provincial governments to... more Rationing home care services has become a common strategy used by state/provincial governments to control escalating health care costs, particularly at a time when very little new funding has been re-directed to the home care sector. Across British Columbia, Regional Health Authorities had implemented service reforms that call for the discharge of higher functioning clients from home support service. This paper describes the coping strategies of 137 senior clients who were discharged from home support services and from the Continuing Care Program in the Simon Fraser Health Region located in British Columbia, Canada. Personal interviews were conducted by experienced case managers to gain an understanding of how seniors were coping 19 to 21 months after their discharge. Of the 137 clients, 34.3% are characterized as being "home alone and suffering in silence," 29.2% reported receiving assistance from informal sources or reported paying out-of-pocket for private care, and 28.4% reported that they can do the work better themselves. The remaining 8.0% of participants reported mixed feelings about the impact of their discharge from home support service. The effectiveness of discharge targeted to a senior population is discussed and it is suggested that functional status together with age are important criteria when rationing home care services.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Dec 1, 1972
Eighty-four subjects rated eight hypothetical situations for pleasantness, tension, and consisten... more Eighty-four subjects rated eight hypothetical situations for pleasantness, tension, and consistency on 9-point scales. The situations were of the personother-object (P-O-X) type, consisting of two persons and an unspecified but important "thing." The situations varied in terms of the liking relation between P and O (positive or negative) and the presence or absence of agreement concerning X. Intercorrelation of the ratings indicated that the subjects tended to regard as unpleasant the same situations that they regarded as tension provoking. Tension and pleasantness ratings correlated less with the consistency ratings than with each other. There was evidence that the pleasantness and tension ratings were based more on attraction (i.e., the sign of the P/0 bond) than on agreement or balance. Balance was, however, the more important factor when the subjects rated for consistency. The findings, when taken together, have three major implications: (a) balance relates more directly to the cognitive than to the affective component of social perception; (6) dependent measures based on affect, for example, pleasantness ratings, seem inappropriate to Heider's theory; and (c) when an appropriate cognitive task is employed, contrary to Newcomb's predictions, balance effects emerge for both P/O positive and P/O negative sentiment bonds.
RÉSUMÉLa présente étude vise à déterminer si des différences existent entre les divers modèles de... more RÉSUMÉLa présente étude vise à déterminer si des différences existent entre les divers modèles de changement de culture (MCC) relativement à la perception du personnel soignant agréé à l’égard de l’accès aux structures d’habilitation et des prestations connues de soins individualisés. Nous avons embauché des employés qui travaillent dans des établissements ayant mis en œuvre les modèles sociaux de soins Eden Alternative, GentleCare ou Facility Specific ou n’ayant pas implanté de MCC. Nous avons effectué des analyses de variance multidimensionnelles de chacun des trois groupes de personnel soignant (infirmières autorisées, infirmières auxiliaires autorisées et aides-soignants) en fonction de chaque CCM. Les résultats indiquent qu’il existe des différences considérables entre le personnel soignant agréé et entre chacun des MCC. Plus le personnel soignant côtoie quotidiennement les patients, plus l’influence des MCC semble affecter l’autonomisation perçue et les prestations connues de soins individualisés. Des recherches suggèrent que les employés travaillant dans des établissements ayant mis en œuvre un des modèles sociaux de soins mentionnés ci-dessus profitent des meilleures conditions de travail. Inversement, parmi les établissements ayant implanté un de ces modèles, seul le personnel d’un établissement a fourni des réponses différentes de celles des employés travaillant dans des établissements sans MCC.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Feb 1, 1974
A study was conducted in which children in four age groups-5-6, 7-8, 9-10, and 11-12 years-rated ... more A study was conducted in which children in four age groups-5-6, 7-8, 9-10, and 11-12 years-rated eight hypothetical social situations of the P-O-X type for pleasantness and for psychological consistency. The results indicated that children in all age groups based their ratings of both pleasantness and consistency primarily on attraction (i.e., the sign of the P/O bond). Balance and agreement effects, although statistically significant, were small in all groups. The findings were confirmed in a cross-validation study conducted concurrently with the principal study by an independent naive experimenter.
This paper reports the home-facility and level of care changes, discharges, and deaths over a fiv... more This paper reports the home-facility and level of care changes, discharges, and deaths over a five-year period for 1,653 clients newly admitted in 1978 to a long-term care program in British Columbia, Canada. Five years after admission, of clients initially admitted to care at home (N = 1241), 34.3 per cent were still in the program (14.5 per cent unchanged; 6.7 per cent at home but at a higher level of care, and 11.7 per cent in facilities). Of the remainder, 38.9 per cent had died and 26.8 per cent had been discharged. Findings for those initially admitted to care in facilities (N = 412) are remarkably similar. After five years, 28.4 per cent of these clients were still in the program; 39.3 per cent had died. Moves from facility to home care were few (2.4 per cent). Despite their advanced age at admission (mean = 74.7, S.D. 14.6), one-third were still in the program five years later, some with status virtually unchanged.
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