Gwaro

Gwaro (kureva document; scribed work) kana rugwaro chinyorwa chakanyorwa pamusoro pechinhu chiri kutaurwa nezvacho. Gwaro rinogona kuva: tsamba; rinogona kuva chinyorwa chinotaura zvakawanikwa pakawongororwa nhau yaida kutsvagurudzwa; rinogona kuva tsamba inotaura magovero enhumbi dzemufi zvichingodaro. Chikuru ndechekuti gwaro chinyorwa chinotaura nyaya yakakosha iri kutaurwa nezvayo kana ine mubvunzo.

Izwi rokuti kugwara (kureva kunyora) rinowanikwa wokuChitonga richireva kunyora, ndizvozvo futi kuChikaranga, vanotiwo kugwara.

• KuVutswana kune nzvimbo inonzi Kwalabe (kureva gwarahwe/gwarabge - write-stone; to write on stone or rock) zvichireva dombo rakanyorwa kana kunyora dombo. Izwi iri rinonbva kuVakalanga. Zvinonzi panzvimbo panoonekwa tsoka dzemunhu dzakasarira pamambwe epo.

Kuumba Mazwi

• Gwaronhare (n. Telegram).

Mitauro ye Chibantu

• VaTonga vanoti lugwalo kana magwalo pahuwandu (letter) kureva tsamba.
• VaTonga vanoti gwalo (Sheet of written matter. Printed matter) kureva zvinyorwa printwa.
• BaKalanga vanoti lukwalo kureva tsamba. Mbukushu vanoti rukwaro kureva tsamba.
• VaKabwa vanoti maandiko (n. writings) kureva zvinyorwa.

Ringaizve:

• Tsamba
• N'wadhi
• Gwarodzvene
• Hhwaro