Semiotika

Semiotika (e quajtur edhe studime semiotike ) është studimi i procesit të shenjave (semiozave), që është çdo formë e veprimtarisë, sjelljes, ose çdo proces që përfshin shenja, përfshirë prodhimin e kuptimit. Një shenjë është çdo gjë që komunikon një kuptim, që nuk është vetë shenja, tek interpretuesi i shenjës. Kuptimi mund të jetë i qëllimshëm, siç është fjala e shqiptuar me një kuptim specifik, ose pa qëllim, siç është një simptomë që është një shenjë e një gjendjeje të veçantë mjekësore. Shenjat mund të komunikojnë përmes cilindo nga shqisat, vizuale, dëgjimore, prekëse, nuhatëse ose shqisa e shijes (gustatorike).

Tradita semiotike eksploron studimin e shenjave dhe simboleve si një pjesë e rëndësishme e komunikimeve. Për dallim nga gjuhësia, semiotika studion edhe sistemet e shenjave jogjuhësore. Semiotika përfshin studimin e shenjave dhe proceseve të shenjave, indikimin, përcaktimin, ngjashmërinë, analogjinë, alegorinë, metoniminë, metaforën, simbolikën, nënkuptimin dhe komunikimin.

Semiotika shpesh shihet se ka dimensione të rëndësishme antropologjike dhe sociologjike; për shembull, semiotiku dhe romancieri italian Umberto Eco propozoi që çdo fenomen kulturor të studiohet si komunikim. Megjithatë, disa semiotikë përqendrohen në dimensionet logjike të shkencës. Ata ekzaminojnë fushat që i përkasin gjithashtu shkencave të jetës, sikurse mënyra se si organizmat bëjnë parashikime dhe përshtaten me ngrohtësinë e tyre semiotike në botë. Në përgjithësi, teoritë semiotike marrin shenja ose sisteme të shenjave si objekt studimi të tyre: komunikimi i informacionit në organizmat e gjallë është i përfshirë në biosemiotikë (përfshirë zoosemiotikën dhe fitosemiotikën).

Shih edhe

• Gjuha
• Gjuhësia
• Semantika
• Semiologjia

Literatura

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