A Study of Territorial Administration under Maratha Rule
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The Marathas had the opportunity to significantly expand their influence in Rajasthan beyond the right to collect tribute when they were officially arraigned to intervene in succession disputes in Jaipur and Jodhpur. According to Sarkar, rival princes heavily bribed Shinde and Holkar into supporting their cause. In the latter half of the 18th century, the Marathas used these unresolved issues as an excuse to intervene in Jaipur's affairs. Also,in the second half of the 18th century, Maratha activities were largely restricted to Rajasthan's southeastern regions, which were home to the majority of the better-paying areas. Until the end of the 18th century, the Marathas were interested in Ajmer,
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A Study of Territorial Administration under Maratha Rule
Dr. Yashpal Singh
M.A. & Ph.D. in History)
Principal, Govt. College Julana (Jind),
Haryana, India
Abstract: The Marathas had the opportunity to significantly expand their influence in Rajasthan beyond the right to collect
tribute when they were officially arraigned to intervene in succession disputes in Jaipur and Jodhpur. According to Sarkar,
rival princes heavily bribed Shinde and Holkar into supporting their cause. In the latter half of the 18th century, the
Marathas used these unresolved issues as an excuse to intervene in Jaipur's affairs. Also,in the second half of the 18th
century, Maratha activities were largely restricted to Rajasthan's south-eastern regions, which were home to the majority of
the better-paying areas. Until the end of the 18th century, the Marathas were interested in Ajmer, Shahpura, Malpura,
Rampura, Tonk, Toda, Sambhar, Kota, and Bundi. In all of these areas, the borders of the three major Rajput states—
Marwar, Mewar, and Jaipur—converged. This could be why, despite widespread opposition, the Marathas have maintained
their presence in these parts of Rajasthan.
Malharrao and his son KhanderaoHolkar attempted to settle the lands they claimed to be part of Jaipur territory shortly
after Madho Singh took the throne. The first step they took to establish their authority in the city was to appoint
representatives to the Jaipur court for regular communications to settle disputes. Jodhpur's officers and nobles made the
decision to perform the Yagya without Bijay Singh's knowledge, but they trusted Gulab Rai Paswan and gave him their
blessing. The Sat ChandiYagya was carried out in 1790 in accordance with the instructions and under SomeshwarOjha's
direction. For a month, the yagya was completed. The Brahmans received levish offerings of cloths, utensils, cash, and one
gold coin each for participating in the vyas at the conclusion of the yagya. They were also invited to a feast.
Keywords: Tribute, Sarkar, Maratha, Ajmer, Khanderao Holkar, Throne, Jodhpur.
I. INTRODUCTION
The formal arraignment of the Marathas in Rajasthan to intervene in succession disputes in Jaipur and Jodhpur provided
them with an opportunity to significantly increase their influence in Rajasthan beyond the right to collect tribute. Sarkar has
demonstrated that rival princes heavily bribed Shinde and Holkar to support their cause. When Ishwari Singh of Jaipur was
unable to make the promised payment to the Marathas, he took his own life. After Madho Singh had paid a price to take the
throne of Jaipur, he was now tasked with meeting the demands of the Maratha. The new ruler, his nobles, and the people of
Jaipur resented Jayappa Shinde's request that at least one fourth of Jaipur's territory be given to the Marathas.
II. DISCUSSION ON AREA UNDER COMMAND
In the city of Jaipur, thousands of Maratha soldiers were killed as a result of simmering animosity toward the Marathas.
After the Marathas were slaughtered, negotiations began, and the Jaipur ruler agreed to compensate the Marathas for the loss of
men, horses, and property. This increased the Maratha demand for payments even more. The entire six-year conflict between
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Dr. Yashpal et al.,
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Volume 6, Issue 3, March 2019 pg. 14-16
the Marathas and Sawai Jai Singh over Jaipur's succession ended badly, severing the Marathas' long-standing ties to Sawai Jai
Singh4. Even at this point, the Marathas' demands for tribute payment and territory transfer were not fully met, leaving a lot of
room for future disputes, claims, and counterclaims. The Marathas used these unresolved issues as an excuse to intervene in
Jaipur's affairs in the latter half of the 18th century.
Soon after Madho Singh took the throne of Jaipur, Malharrao and his son KhanderaoHolkar attempted to settle the
territories they claimed to be part of Jaipur territory. The appointment of their representatives in the Jaipur court for regular
communications to settle disputes was the first step they took to establish their hold in the city. At the Jaipur court, Holkar
appointed BhaiyaTulsi Ram as his vakil. PanditGaneshji and PanditShankaraji, two additional officials, were sent to Madho
Singh's court to oversee tribute payment4. DiwanKanhi Ram served as Jaipur's representative at Holkar.
In the latter half of the 18th century, Maratha activities were largely restricted to the south-eastern regions of Rajasthan,
where the majority of better-paying areas were concentrated. The Marathas were interested in Ajmer, Shahpura, Malpura,
Rampura, Tonk, Toda, Sambhar, Kota, and Bundi until the end of the 18th century.
The borders of all three major Rajput states—Marwar, Mewar, and Jaipur—converged in all of these regions. This may
account for the Maratha's persistent presence in these parts of Rajasthan despite widespread opposition. The Maratha's desire to
pay regular tribute to the Rajput rulers was largely what drove their presence in Rajasthan. Second, because of the salt trade's
commercial value, they were also interested in occupying and controlling fertile and strategically important territories like Kota,
Ajmer, TonkRampura, Malpura, and Sambhar. However, there was strong opposition to the Marathas' presence in Rajasthan. In
Rajput states where the villages were dominated by Rajput bhomias, the Marathas had a difficult time controlling and
administering the small areas they gained. When compared to the smaller Rajput principalities of Malwa and Bunldelkhand,
Rajasthan's larger and more powerful Rajput states were far more resourceful and strategically positioned to face the Maratha
challenge. Jaipur and Jodhpur became larger and more powerful states in Rajasthan in the 18th century, and they resisited the
Marathas in numerous ways. Rajasthani sources vividly depict the Rajputs' form of resistance to the Maratha assault. The Rajput
rulers' kharitas from Shindes and Holkars to the Rajputs also show how the Rajputs handled the Maratha issue more manly. The
Rajputs' resistance to the Marathas took a variety of forms, from diplomacy to armed and passive struggle.
Regarding its obligation to pay tribute, the Marathas did not encounter a great deal of difficulty in Marwar. The kharitas
suggest that the payment from Marwar was more or less consistent. Only in exceptional circumstances, particularly during
severe famines, was it suspended. To be fair to the Marathas, they recognized the issue of Marwar that resulted from the
circumstance and made the necessary adjustments to the payment amount and the due date4 for the revised peshkash. The
Marwar resistance was more outward than covert. Instead of Bijay Singh, Marwar's passive resistance to the Marathas came
from his officials and nobles, who employed the services of Charans and Bhats for this purpose. According to MarwarRiKhyat,
they were asked to go to Marwar villages and sing anti-Maratha songs about the suffering and humiliation of Marwar residents
as a result of Maratha incursions. The goal was to make people angry and resentful of the Marathas5 in general. following the
defeat of In order to prevent further Maratha advancement and victory over Jodhpur, high-ranking officers of Bijay Singh's
Jodhpur forces used divine intervention in the battle of Merta. Sawai Singh Champawat, Khichi Gordhan, and Singhvi Gyanmal
requested that Someshwar Ojha suggest any strategy that could result in divine intervention to assist Marwar in eliminating the
Maratha threat and effectively halting Maratha advancement. Someshwar Ojha suggested performing the Satchandi Yagya
(sacrifice) ritual to invoke Goddess Durga, but he was afraid of Bijay Singh and refused to do so. Ojha claims that it would be
the most efficient tool for combating the Marathas.
III. CONCLUSION
The nobles and officers of Jodhpur decided to perform the Yagya without Bijay Singh's knowledge, but they trusted Gulab
Rai Paswan and accepted his favor. In 1790, the Sat Chandi Yagya was carried out in accordance with the instructions and
© 2019, SK Publisher All Rights Reserved
ISSN: 2394-3122 (Online)
Impact Factor: 5.045
ISSN: 2394-6253 (Print)
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Dr. Yashpal et al.,
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Volume 6, Issue 3, March 2019 pg. 14-16
under the direction of Someshwar Ojha. The yagya was complete for a month. At the conclusion of the yagya, the Brahmans
were invited to a feast and were given levish offerings of cloths, utensils, cash, and one gold coin each for their participation in
the vyas. It goes without saying that Bijay Singh did not stand up to the Maratha rule after the battle of Merta. He also did not
participate in any Jaipur-sponsored anti-Maratha campaign.
References
1.
Indore Kharita No.36, AsoiVadi 12, V.S. 1809/1752.
2.
Indore Kharita No.25, VaisakhVadi 12, V.S. 1809/1752.
3.
Indore Kharita No.44, SawanVadi 1, V.S. 1810/1753.
4.
Indore Kharita No.53, JethVadi 11, V.S. 1811/1754
5.
Letter from Bijay Singh to TukojiHolkar, Posh Vadi 14, V.S. 1844/Jan 1788
6.
Parihar, G.R, Marwar and the Marathas, P.118.
7.
Parihar, G.R, Marwar and the Marathas, P.129.
8.
Compton, Herbert, A Particular Account of the Military Adventures of Hindustan, London, P.55
9.
Gwalier- Jodhpur Kharita, MaghVadi 14, V.S. 1832/1775, Gwalier- Jodhpur Kharita,vaisakhSudi 5, V.S. 1840/1783.
10. Gwalier- Jodhpur Kharita, AsojSudi 14, V.S. 1848/1791.
11. Gwalier- Jodhpur Kharita, Posh Sudi 2, V.S. 1853/1796, 203
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