THE PASSIVE VOICE Presented to M. SYAICHUL MUCHYIDIN S.Pd., M.Pd. For The Grammar for Writing Subject Written by : Mardiono 16020230009 Maulida Agustina 16020230059 University of Islam Kadiri Faculty of Teaching Training Education English Department 2016 PREFACE First of all, praise to Allah, the almighty who is the best creator of the universe and has provided a healthy favor and the grace and blessings so I personally could finish the paper , The Passive Voice. The next, I never forget to send shalawat and salam to my beloved prophet Muhammad SAW who has brought us from the darkness to the brightness or from jahiliah era to islamic  era like nowadays. This paper is for the 2nd semester students of Faculty of Teaching Training Education, English Department. The writers hope the students to study this paper first before they join to the presentation in their class. It is to achieve a successful teaching and learning process about “The Passive Voice” in class. For the perfection of this paper, we expect criticism and suggestions from readers as we are only human who always accidentally makes mistakes. We hope the dear readers can get some useful information or reference about “The Passive Voice” from this paper. 02/03/17 The writers TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii THE PASSIVE VOICE 1 1. What is the Passive Voice ? 1 2. When Should we Use the Passive Voice ? 1 3. How to Formulate the Passive Voice ? 2 4. The Passive Voice of Different Tense 3 5. The Passive Voice of Different Structures 3 6. Person in Object Position 4 7. Common Mistakes 4 8. What is the Stative Passive 5 REFERENCES 9   THE PASSIVE VOICE What is the Passive Voice ? A sentence generally begins with the performer of the action ( subject ), then the verb, then the object or person that the action is performed on. This is called an “active” sentence. Example : John cleaned the room S + verb + object If we begin the sentence with “ the room “ that the action is performed on, we formulate a “ passive” sentence. The room was cleaned by John Object + verb +by subject Note : Not all verbs in English take an object. Therefore, some sentences are complete without an object : John slept well. John lives far away. This type of sentence cannot be changed into the passive voice. When Should we Use the Passive Voice ? We do not know who the subject is, or it is not important who the subject is. Somebody cleaned the room. The room was cleaned. When it is obvious to the listener or reader who the subject is because it is the person who usually does it : The cleaner cleaned the room. The room was cleaned. How to Formulate the Passive Voice ? Put the object of the verb at the beginning of your sentence; Conjugate the verb “to be” in the same tense as the active sentence; Put the main verb in the past participle form. Let’s see some examples : The postman delivers the mail. The mail is delivered. The decorator is painting my room. My room is being decorated. Someone stole the money. The money was stolen. Note : If you want to mention the subject in a passive sentence, use “by”: My room is being painted by the decorator. If the active sentence begins with “ no-one “ or “nobody”, the passive sentence will be negative. No-one turned on the light. The light was not turned on. If there is a preposition between the verb and the object, the preposition will remain after the verb: They talked about the issue. The issue was talked about. The Passive Voice of Different Tense Tense Active Passive Simple present I do it It is done Simple past I did it It was done Simple future I will do it It will be done Present continuous I am doing it It is being done Past continuous I was doing it It was being done Future continuous I will be doing it It will be being done Present perfect I have done it It has been done Past perfect I had done it It had been done Future perfect I will have done it It will have been done. Present perfect continuous I have been doing it Not common Past perfect continuous I had been doing it Not common Future perfect continuous I will have been doing it Not common The Passive Voice of Different Structures In structures containing the infinitive: Do = be done Active Passive ‘be going to’ I am going to do it It is going to be done Have to I have to do it It has to be done Used to I used to do it It used to be done Modals (can,may,etc.) I can do it It can be done In expressions containing the gerund: Active Passive Avoid I avoid seeing him He avoids being seen Don’t mind I don’t mind teaching her She doesn’t mind being taught Person in Object Position We can also formulate passive sentences with a person in the object position. Somebody pushed me. I was pushed. They have invited us. We have been invited. Someone was interviewing Jane. Jane was being interviewed. Some sentences have both an object and a person in the object position. We can choose either one to formulate the passive sentence. Someone handed me a note. I was handed a note. A note was handed to me. They have sent us a copy. We have been sent a copy. A copy has been sent to us. Common Mistakes There are 4 common mistakes : Changing the tense to a similar tense Someone has reported the incidents. The incidents were reported. ( The incidents have been reported. ) They are going to build a mosque. A mosque will be built. (A mosque is going to be built) Forgetting the verb ‘to be’: Someone has reported the incidents. The incidents have reported. ( The incidents have been reported. ) They are going to build a mosque. / A mosque is going to built. ( A mosque is going to be built. ) Using the present participle instead of the past participle : Someone has reported the incidents. / The incidents have been reporting. ( the incidents have been reported. ) They are going to build a mosque. / A mosque is going to be building. ( A mosque is going to be built. ) Plural / singular confusion : Someone has reported the incidents. / The incidents has been reported. ( The incidents have been reported. ) They are going to build a mosque. / A mosque are going to be built. ( A mosque is going to be built. ) What is the Stative Passive Stative Passive Is a special kind of passive construction. It is no longer expressing an action. Instead, it is describing a state, a condition. Here are two examples : The song is associated with the independence day of indonesia. W.R. Soepratman is known as the author of the lyrics. There is no action being expressed here. Instead, the past participle is helping us describe the subject. “Associated” describes the song. “ known “ describes W.R. Soepratman ( an Indonesian hero ). That means that the past participle functions more like an adjective rather than a verb. And another important thing to know is because we are not expressing an action, there is no possibility of naming the performer with a by-phrase. Instead, we have form of BE + past participle + preposition ( not necessarily “ by “). Other examples you may know : Acquainted with Associated with Composed of Crowded with Dressed in Excited about Filled with Known for Made of / from Prepared for Remembered for Tired of Here are some other examples in alphabetical list of wise Stative Passives along with the complete sense of adjectives : A be addicted to be astonished at be annoyed with someone be associated with be amazed at be accustomed to be acquainted with be absorbed in B be based on be bored with be blessed with C be committed to be concerned about be connected to /with be convinced of be confused with be crowded with be covered with/in be composed of be coordinated with be delighted at/with be disgusted at/with be dedicated to be derived from be disappointed with/at be devoted to be divorced from be discriminated against be dressed in be done with E be equipped with be engaged to be exposed to F be finished with be filled with be furnished with I be interested in be impressed with be involved in be impressed with K be known for L be limited to M be made of be made from be made out of be married to O be opposed to be obliged to someone P be prepared for be pleased about/with be provided with R be related to be remembered for S be scared of be satisfied with be shocked at be separated from be synchronized with be surprised at T be thrilled at/with be terrified of be troubled with be tired of/from U be upset with someone be used to W be worried about  REFERENCES Frank, Marcella. 1972. Modern English A Practical Reference Guide.USA: New York University. Tjahaja, Sukrisna. 2006. New Method English Grammar.Bekasi: Kesaint Blanc. Thomson, A.J and Martinet, A.V. 1986. A Practical English Grammar.England: Oxford University Press www.englishwithjennifer.com https://www.anglo-link.com 4 1