International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 2022

Fibre is a long, thin strand or thread of material made by weaving or knitting threads together. Fibre is a hair like strand of material. A fibre is the smallest visible unit of any textile product. Fibres are flexible and may be spun into yarn and made into fabric. Natural fibres are taken from animals, vegetables or mineral sources. A few examples of widely used natural fibres include animal fibre such as wool and silk vegetables fibres, especially cotton and flax and asbestos, a mineral. Natural fibers are more important part in our human environment. Natural fibers are ecofriendly and inexpensive which are readily available in nature. In this chapter we discuss about the overview of natural fiber and their characteristic. this paper also deals with the impact of natural fibers over the synthetic fibers and also the application of natural fiber in various fields.

Natural Fiber [Working Title], 2022

Natural fiber has a more long history and these are very important in a wide range of applications in the textile sector. Basically, natural fibers have biopolymers and natural fibers are basically made from either plant or animal-sourced. The plantbased natural fibers are major constituent of cellulose content and animal-based natural fibers are comprised of proteins. Nowadays, more used around the world for the plant-based natural fibers to bioplastics, biocomposites materials in automotive industries. These make product are low cost, low density, low manufacturing energy consumption, and more biodegradable. The ever-growing environmental, ecological, and economical concerns lead to increased acceptance of natural fibers in every area of conventional synthetic material application. This is due to biodegradability, nontoxicity, combustibility, easy availability, nonabrasiveness, and good specific strength. The present study focuses on the functional application aspect of natural fibers, basically an identification of fiber, classification and application of fibers process parameters.

Studies in Conservation, 2020

The aim of this research was to produce reference data for the study and identification of fibres of carbonised excavated textiles. Thus, the effects of carbonisation (incomplete burning) on the morphology and dimensions of selected fibres used in textile production were investigated. A set of standard test, commercial, and handmade fabrics, of four cellulosic (cotton, flax, hemp, nettle) and two proteinaceous (silk, wool/ wool felt) fibres, were used for the experiments. Samples were carbonised in a limited oxygen environment at 250, 350, and 500°C for one hour (apart from the wool samples for which the duration of the experiment had to be lowered to six minutes). Wool and silk samples were destroyed at temperatures above 250°C. All cellulosic and the silk samples shrank and their weight was reduced at different percentages that increased as the temperature increased. Exceptionally, wool textile samples exhibited extreme shrinkage but also an increase in their weight. Similarly, the fibre diameters of the cellulosic and silk fibres shrunk gradually at different degrees as the temperature increased, and some exhibited marked degradation patterns, like lacerations in flax, ridges in hemp, raggedness in nettle, and cracks in silk fibres. Wool fibres swell locally but retained the scale pattern on the surface. In general, an increase in the weave count of the textile samples was observed. However, the morphology of the fibres characteristic to their identification did not alter to an unrecognisable degree as a result of artificial carbonisation, as long as the material was preserved.

Generation, Development and Modifications of Natural Fibers, 2020

Fibers derived from bio-based sources such as vegetables and animal origen are termed as natural fibers. This definition includes all natural cellulosic fibers (cotton, jute, sisal, coir, flax, hemp, abaca, ramie, etc.) and protein-based fibers such as wool and silk. There are also man-made cellulose fibers (e.g., viscose rayon and cellulose acetate) that are produced with chemical procedures from pulped wood or other sources (cotton, bamboo). Natural fibers being cost effective and abundantly available yields high potential in various industrial and commercial applications such as in the interior applications of the passenger cars, panels for partition and false ceiling, partition boards, roof tiles, coir fibers in packaging, furniture applications, as insulating materials in low energy houses, geo-textiles for soil protection and erosion control, enhancing barrier properties, composites etc. Due to research and developmental work in modification and treatment methods of natural fibers, utilization of natural fibers has observed a significant growth in various applications. The chapter addresses the potential applications of natural fibers in various commercial sectors for the development of environment-friendly products with an aim to replace synthetic fibers or inorganic fillers with cost-effective and efficient products.

2020

Proper identification of textile materials is essential, as people use textiles for clothing and shelter, dental and medical devices, protective firefighting, or even military clothing. There have been several developments regarding fiber identification using instruments such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, or electron microscopy. However, the traditional methods are prevalent as they are the cheapest alternative. In the present paperwork, an accelerated weathering test was conducted on two different textile materials – cotton (natural fiber) and polypropylene (synthetic fiber). Alternating cycles of UV exposure, along with humidity and relatively high temperatures were employed for the weathering test. In order to evaluate the degradation degree of the two fibers, the results were compared and investigated using non-destructive and micro-destructive analysis techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), to evaluate the surface modifications ...

The teaching material includes various animal source fibers and their characteristics (physical and chemical characteristics)

Morphological and physicomechanical characterization of synthetic and natural fibers, 2024

Green and renewable materials are becoming promising worldwide. Here, we compared morphological and mechanical strength characteristics of natural plant-based bast fibers (flax, hemp and nettle) with those of synthesized fibers (glass, basalt, carbon, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polycaproamide (PCA) and viscose). The industrial bast fibers from hemp and nettle were extracted by chemical treatment with a sodium carbonate solution. The natural fibers were comparable in size to the synthetic ones. The PCA fibers had the largest diameter of 23–28 µm. The carbon monofiber had the lowest diameter of 7–8 µm. The dimension of the natural elementary fibers was 10–25 µm. The natural fibers had a better interfacial bonding to an epoxy matrix than PCA. Moreover, the specific strength of the unimpregnated and epoxy-impregnated fibers was determined. The natural fibers were superior in strength performance to some of synthetic fibers (viscose), while the specific strength of the impregnated flax fiber was commensurate with that of the impregnated PAN and PCA fibers. The specific strength of the flax and hemp fibers once impregnated with the matrix increased four- and twofold, respectively. The impregnated flax fibers exhibited the best mechanical strength behavior among the hemp and nettle bast fibers. The natural fibers are biodegradable, have a low density, and are more eco-benign than the mineral fibers. The selected natural fibers can be used to fabricate composites therefrom.

2013

In text ile production technology, one of the objectives of the manufacturer is to produce high quality fabrics or garment which will satisfy the customers' need both in serviceability and in price. In this study, a comparative study was made on the properties of Ny lon 6.6, Nylon 6, Kevlar 49, and E-glass fabric. This co mparison was based on properties such as yarn count, yarn crimp, fabric sett, fabric thickness, abrasion resistance, crease recovery/resistance, fabric shrinkage and fabric flammability. It is evident from the result obtained that these fabrics posses unique properties which result fro m the type of fiber used, with a character of their own that can be optimized for suitable end-use. The fabrics have value for their end-use performance, strength and protective characteristics. This study reveals that the performance o f any text ile material is dependent upon a co mbination of inherent fiber properties, as well as the geo metrical arrangement of fiber in yarns and fabric.

Tekstilec, 2013

In this study, comfort and handle properties of fabrics woven with various fi bre types, e.g. Seacell ® , silver, cotton, bamboo viscose fi bres and soybean, were investigated and analysed. It was observed that fi bre types infl uence the comfort and handle properties of fabrics. According to the test results, cotton yarn had the best thermal properties compared with other fi bres, whereas bamboo and soybean demonstrated better handle proper ties than other fi bres.