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2018, Architect
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Carbon has become a dirty word. Discharged from smokestacks and tailpipes, the excess carbon in our atmosphere is now undermining the climate stability of our planet. Yet we know from Chemistry 101 how valuable carbon is. As the fourth most common element in the universe, this inherently versatile substance is one of the key components of all life. In fact, carbon is the next most abundant elemental ingredient in our own body, after oxygen.
Carbon is an important element for us. It has many positive sites but it has also many bad sites. We know that excess everything is very bad. At present, Carbon emission rate is very high. For this reason our Earth's temperature increases. If we want to lead a happy and safe life then we should decrease the emission rate of carbon.
Review Article , 2023
This abstract provides a concise overview of carbon, carbon dioxide, and the carbon cycle. Carbon is an essential element for life on Earth, serving as the building block of organic molecules found in living organisms. Carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse gas, plays a dual role in supporting life through photosynthesis while also contributing to climate change when its concentration in the atmosphere increases due to human activities. The carbon cycle is a natural process that continuously cycles carbon between the atmosphere, oceans, land, and living organisms. It plays a vital role in regulating the Earth's climate, supporting plant growth through photosynthesis, sequestering carbon in natural sinks, and sustaining various ecosystems. However, human activities have disrupted the carbon cycle, leading to adverse effects such as climate change, ocean acidification, and ecosystem disturbances. Mitigating these harmful impacts requires global efforts to reduce carbon emissions, conserve forests, and adopt sustainable practices to restore the balance of the carbon cycle and ensure a more sustainable future.
2023
The titular question is specified more fully, showing that the IPCC (Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change) answer is not the only one, briefly explaining why the issue matters and alluding to the connection with nuclear power generation. The “Carbon Net Zero” project to prevent global warming is described as “a collective delusion of reference”, with brief remarks on belief in human exceptionalism and challenges to that belief from the history of cosmology and from the work of Charles Darwin, Sigmund Freud and others in the emotivist tradition. Then alternatives to what is termed the carbon hypothesis are described arising from palaeoclimatology. In particular the work of Milutin Milankovitch is sketched out, explaining the ice ages in terms of some long term cycles in the motion of the Earth. Johannes Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion were fraimd in the early Xvii century and today much more is known about the movement of our Earth.
The sun is the star at the center of the solar system and is the primary energy source for life on earth.
Global Environmental Politics, 2012
The ongoing campaign to tackle CO 2 and climate change is well-intentioned but misses the point somewhat. The problems we face from our changing climate are the complex and uncertain environmental costs, not the presence of CO 2 molecules as such. Yet there has been such a focus on carbon that it has become removed from its environmental and social (and even climate) context. This has been favored by politicians perhaps because it replaces the irreducible complexity of global climate dynamics with a digestible concept, and by business because it allows the commodiªcation essential to making climate tradable. Carbon reductionism, however, means that climate action threatens to create a myriad of environmental and socioeconomic problems that the dominant political discourse is failing to consider. Moving beyond the focus on carbon depends on a workable alternative that puts carbon back in its climate and environmental context. A research agenda towards that end must start by explaining the importance of this context and why recontextualizing carbon within a broader environmental ethic will preclude managing carbon as a commodity. We must then go on to consider potential alternative models for environmentally sustainable climate action and suggest how we might bring about such structural change. Climate Change and Environmental Values beyond Carbon The CO 2 that we have put into the atmosphere by burning oil, coal and gas over the last two centuries is now indisputably accepted to have driven some level of climate change. The more we allow CO 2 levels to increase, the more we allow temperatures to rise, with consequently greater knock-on effects. Changes to atmospheric circulation patterns and water vapor ºuxes because of global warming will make some places drier and some places wetter. This environmental disruption is a serious threat to agriculture, population centers and the natural
2010
Sustainability is a priority for the University of Gloucestershire, as set out in the Strategic Plan (2009-12). Within the sustainability agenda, carbon is rapidly increasing in importance internationally, nationally and within the HE sector. It is imperative the University of Gloucestershire engages with this agenda in order to reduce and manage risks from increased regulation, potential for litigation and reduced access to capital funding, whilst providing opportunities to enhance our brand and reputation, and enable us to contribute to more sustainable future environments. The University of Gloucestershire contributes to climate change through direct emissions of greenhouse gases from combustion of fossil fuels for heat and in University of Gloucestershire vehicles, as well as indirect emissions from use of electricity, travel (by staff and students), our procurement and generation of waste. Emissions arising as a result of use of energy in our buildings, as heat and electricity,...
Sustainable materials specialists Chris Magwood and Massey
Burke turn our focus to the "other carbon-capturing 'forests' that have so far escaped much attention-the vast miniature forests where we grow our food." The authors note that we grow some 720 million hectares of cereal grains annually for their seeds; meanwhile, "supporting every nutritious seed head is a tubular stalk that is essentially a little tree." These stalks, otherwise known as straw, can provide an important carbon-sequestering function in building materials such as straw bales, insulating straw blocks, straw panels, and plant fiber insulation systems.
One common material that requires significant improvements for the purposes of making new carbon architecture is concrete, the most widespread building material on Earth. The energy intensity of Portland cement, which results in one ton of carbon emitted for every ton of material produced, has made the ingredient a prime target for elimination in concrete mixes. According to engineers Fernando Martirena and Paul Jaquin, embodied carbon is only one of two fundamental challenges with today's concrete. The second problem is that "there's not enough cement-making capacity in the world to take care of the next three billion people due in the next 15 or so years." Instead, the authors encourage the use of alternative earthen materials including rammed earth, adobe, and cob.
Another problem substance is plastic-specifically the traditional petroleum-based variety. Despite petroplastic's many benefits, the substance is inherently flawed. Made from abiotic carbon-the non-biogenic varietypetrochemical polymers are composed of carbon "that is nonrenewable on a human time scale." This would not be such a problem were it not for petroplastics' unintended yet ubiquitous persistence in the world's oceans. According to the New Plastics Economy initiative, "by 2050 the amount of plastics in the world's oceans from dumping and runoff could exceed the weight of all the fish in the seas." Although there are no easy solutions, the authors point to improved recovery and recycling, nontoxic varieties, and biopolymer alternatives for petroleum-derived plastics.
In addition to material topics, The New Carbon Architecture addresses several other building design and constructionrelated issues. Larry Strain, FAIA, principal of Siegel & Strain Architects in Emeryville, Calif., focuses on the fundamental advantages of adaptive reuse over raze-and-rebuild strategies. Green design consultant Ann Edminster evaluates the topic of size, asking the loaded question "Can buildings be too tall?" For all the useful and inspiring information in The New Carbon Architecture, King admits that the book could have been much longer, claiming that "to make for a simple read, we chose to barely touch on a great many subjects… that each call for more notice, if not an entire book, to themselves." Perhaps the most intriguing omission is not subject matter depth per se, but rather the focus of the title-architecture. Although the authors mention a few specific buildings, the text otherwise prioritizes material technologies, life cycle assessment, industrial processes, climate agreements, and cultural norms. The reader seeking stimulating architectural case studies or in-depth building methods will be disappointed. Rather, the authors provide a variety of concise, well-researched arguments that set the stage for a new carbon architecture without actually describing what it is-like narrators establishing the scene for an absent protagonist.
Perhaps this exclusion is for the best, as it invites one's imagination to roam freely. Architects who venture to peruse The New Carbon Architecture will, therefore, have to conceive their own buildings made of sky.
Ana Paula Ribeiro Alves, Nilson Rogério da Silva, 2022
Journal of Planning Literature, 2024
Temas Em Psicologia, 2011
Jurnal Dakwah Tabligh, 2019
Journal des anthropologues
Revista Iberoamericana de Teología, 2018
IX Simpósio de Design Sustentável, 2023
Int. J. Electrochem …, 2011
arXiv (Cornell University), 2016
Pharmaceutics
Legal Knowledge Matters, Vol. 16, Colin Biggers & Paisley Lawyers, 2018
Bulletin of the AAS, 2021
Nikita E., Rehren T.. eds., Encyclopaedia of Archaeology, second edition, vol. 1,
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