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PosterLA_Sess5_Baylé

ANNE-LISE BAYLÉ A new approach to the funerary landscape of Tarquinia

POSTER SESSION LANDSCAPE ARCHAEOLOGY - SESSIONE V “DO THE ENCORE: linee di ricerca in ambiente GIS” ANNE-LISE BAYLÉ A new approach to the funerary landscape of Tarquinia A NEW PLAN OF THE CALVARIO NECROPOLIS (MONTEROZZI, TARQUINIA, LAZIO) The Monterozzi necropolis of Tarquinia is well-known for its huge number of tombs and its beautifully painted chambers. However, the 6000 tombs investigated by the Fondazione Lerici during the 60’s-70’s are only known by a point map in published literature (Lerici 1965). These surveys were aimed at producing a detailed map tombs’ architecture. This operation’s archives and maps are currently at the Fondazione Lerici. An unpublished planimetry of part of the Calvario is thus available, produced between 1968 and 1976 during the 7 campaigns of geophysical surveys of Lerici (north-west of the Monterozzi, sector nowadays open to visits). As part of my PhD project, the maps were assembled and georeferenced on QGIS (Quantum GIS 3.12) on a DTM from a lidar of the MinAmbiente. Every tomb was drawn and identified, then linked to the database with the architecture and artefacts, as well as anthropological, historiography and chronology information. A reliability index was also calculated (Baylé 2019) according to their publication and excavation. Indeed, few tombs are excavated and many are looted, and essential information such as chronology is usually missing. N/A. 1262 Pozzetto 91 Dromos 54 Fossa 68 Camera Hellenistic 2 52 N camera Hellenistic 1 24 N/A. Classic Iron Age 1 Archaic 1087 Architecture Orientalising Calvario 1552 Lerici map Total Chronology 24 879 192 18 18 421 This rare sector in which we have the spatial relationships of the tombs may be used as a sample for a spatial analysis of the necropolises of Tarquinia, their relationship to the city, the topography and their environment. We will proceed in such a way as to also develop a methodological reflection on the use of GIS. How this sector was thought and organized? What does the landscape look like? FIRST ANALYSIS OF THE CALVARIO First, we can observe the spatial repartition of the tombs through time. The table shows that the chronological data are very few and not always precise. However, we can observe some concentrations and big tendencies. The Iron Age tomb seems isolated (linked to the protohistoric settlement?). Then, there is a gap until the development of Orientalising tombs in the west. The Tardoarchaic graves are concentrated in the eastern part. Then the Classic burials spread throughout the whole area, and the Hellenistic tombs fill the remaining gaps. (fig.1). According to Fr. Prayon tombs should open to the north-west, in the direction of the Etruscan chtonic gods (Prayon 1975, Stevens 2009). Nevertheless, the painted tombs of Tarquinia were already known to be opened to the south-west. The new plan completes this overview. The south-west is not the only IAS 2020. 19-20 novembre 2020. Online conference orientation but it remains the main direction for big size chambers. Without a clear rupture, all burials before the Classical period are oriented toward south and sometime west. During the Hellenistic period, tombs are directed more towards north-north west (fig. 2). No clear path or sector appear in this plan; the density of tombs is very high and very few tombs are isolated. (see major on fig. 3). We could expect a concentration around big tombs, but as the map shows, the density is created by placing smaller tombs between big burial tombs. Those important graves seem to create a pattern of irregular lines, and some empty spaces could be related to the presence of tumuli (fig. 4). In conclusion, a small sector appears at the north-west, composed of small tombs with the same orientation. In opposition to the rest of the necropolis, they are at the top of a slope going down to the west. Perhaps, this is a more recent sector or of a different kind of deceased. Anne-Lise Baylé Dottoranda Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, ArScAn, AOROC Anne-Lise.Bayle@univ-paris1.fr Fig. 1 – The Calvario at the Monterozzi (Tarquinia). 2 IAS 2020. 19-20 novembre 2020. Online conference Fig. 2 – Variation of orientation at the Calvario. 3 IAS 2020. 19-20 novembre 2020. Online conference Fig. 3 – Density and organisation of the Calvario. 4 IAS 2020. 19-20 novembre 2020. Online conference Fig. 4 – Hypothetical organisation of the Calvario: area 1 (Orientalising, western direction and big tombs), area 2 (southern direction, big tombs and tumuli), area 3 (small and west-east direction tombs). Il testo e le immagini qui presentati sono di proprietà dell’Autore e saranno oggetto di pubblicazione negli Atti del Convegno. 5








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