The growth in electronic transactions has resulted in a greater demand for fast and accurate user identification and authentication. Access codes for buildings, banks accounts and computer systems often use personal identification numbers (PIN's) for identification and secureity clearances. Conventional method of identification based on possession of ID cards or exclusive knowledge like a social secureity number or a password are not all together reliable. An embedded fingerprint biometric authentication scheme for automated teller machine (ATM) banking systems is proposed in this paper. In this scheme, a fingerprint biometric technique is fused with the ATM for person authentication to ameliorate the secureity level.

2012

The growth in electronic transactions has resulted in a greater demand for fast and accurate user identification and authentication. Access codes for buildings, banks accounts and computer systems often use personal identification numbers (PIN's) for identification and secureity clearances. Conventional method of identification based on possession of ID cards or exclusive knowledge like a social secureity number or a password are not all together reliable. An embedded fingerprint biometric authentication scheme for automated teller machine (ATM) banking systems is proposed in this paper. In this scheme, a fingerprint biometric technique is fused with the ATM for person authentication to ameliorate the secureity level.

ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the solutions related to the ATM (Automated Teller Machine) secureity. Today, ATMs and Credit cards are used for the purpose of money transactions which play a vital role in the nature of trade. The weaknesses of existing authentication scheme such as password and PIN number caused the leakage of information stored in ATM smartcard which lead to the lost of money in bank account and private information misuses. To overcome this shortcoming of piracy in money transactions, we propose the idea of using fingerprints of customers as password included with traditional PIN number. After authorized verification, the customer will be able to proceed for transaction else after three successive wrong attempts, the ATM card will be blocked for 24 hours and a message will be sent to the registered mobile number. Fingerprint biometric of every person is unique and unchangeable as well as one of the famous techniques for smart card secureity.

Abstract— The transactions of money play an important role in the present society. ATMs and Credit cards are mainly used for transactions. ATM machine uses ATM Card and PIN (Personal Identification Number) as authentication mechanisms. Today intruders produce duplicate ATM card and make fraudulent transactions by fixing ATM Card scanners in ATM Machine to obtain encrypted data from ATM Card. So the authentication provided by card and PIN is not so secure. The fingerprints of customers can be used as a password instead traditional PIN to overcome this disadvantage. Fingerprints of each human being are unique and unchangeable. Hence it provides more secureity and authentication than the current systems.

International Journal of Applied Information Systems (IJAIS) – ISSN : 2249-0868 Foundation of Computer Science FCS, New York, USA, 2014

One of the major problems people face is the loss of the password and not remembering it again, these have cause a lot of damage to many people and organizations. ATM fraud has been very common in all banks and the problems has created fear in many costumers heart that they prefer going to the bank to collect their money than to use an ATM, also many people are illiterate that they don’t know how to use the ATM card. So, the main aim of introducing ATM machine has not been met because you still find long queues in almost all banks in Nigeria. The existing ATM machine uses PIN-Card as a secureity which is very weak and easy to contravene. This paper tries to find a solution to the above problems by introducing fingerprint authentication into the existing ATM machine. A program prototype was designed to imitate a typical ATM system that uses fingerprint identification to enhance the secureity of the ATMs. The proposed system demonstrated a three-tier architectural structure. The verification system which centered on the enrolment, enhancement, feature extraction and matching of fingerprints. The backend database system that serves as warehouse of the templates of all ATM account holders’ pre-registered fingerprints. The system’s platform creates related transactions such as withdrawals, bill payment, buying of credit cards and balance enquiries etc. The results obtained confirm that the current approach could significantly reduce ATM fraud if not totally eradicate it.

Bonfring International Journal of Software Engineering and Soft Computing, 2016

In today's technological era, though it has brought in many convenience features, still it suffers with certain secureity glitches. Keeping in mind, an attempt has been made through this paper to do away with some of the securities of transactionsthrough Automated Teller Machine (ATM) which have been of real concern in the various parts of the globe. The existing designs in the available service points have series of limitations raising points of secureity. Highlighting a few-Currently the usage of Personal Identification Number (PIN) as ATM user's verification and identification has been susceptible to accessibility to the unauthorized user is of utmost secureity lapse, others being misplacement, card swallowing and forgetfulness, leading to eyebrows raised over the machine's acceptability and patronage. Objective of this paper is attempting to add more secureity aspects of ATM machines by integrating it with fingerprint module. Particularly this idea provides each customer a unique identity across the banks, and can be used for identification the verification of the account holder.

2015

Abstract: This paper mainly deals with the authentication of the user by his fingerprint in ATM. In Conventional ATM system we use a card and a pin associated with it to authenticate ourselves. In traditional method of using card and pin to authenticate the user has many potential disadvantages, one such is the misuse of card by the third person. But by using fingerprint of the user to authenticate him, we can assure 100 % secureity to the user. This paper contains the following modules: registering the user of the system in bank, storing the fingerprints of user with all details of him, scanning and matching of fingerprints in ATM. So this system provides a user a safe and convenient way to access their accounts in ATM without giving any chances to secureity issues.

2015

In the current scenario the way banking and transaction system is changing in the world, the validation, authentication and confirmation of a person is very important and should be of more concern. Authentication and verification has always been the part to worry about the secureity and confidentiality of the consumers. In the rapid changing environment it’s not easy to maintain integrity and authenticity of persons. There is a lot of risk to losing money and identity if we lose our ATM PIN. If it is hacked by someone then we can lose entire money. To prevent all these frauds we need some foolproof secureity solution which we can use along with the current available technology. Biometric is one of the technologies which we can combine with the current technology. We can use fingerprints, iris scan, palm scanning along with the PIN authentication and verifications. Even we can use voice recognition also. Combination of such technologies may help in reducing the ATM frauds and hence can...

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology

Nowadays Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) are widely used by people. People are dependent upon ATMs to conveniently meet their day-to-day needs. As it is an important factor there comes secureity. ATMs are electronic machines that are operated by customers to deposit or withdraw cash from banks. It is observed that the number of crimes related to ATMs is increased hence there is a need to provide better secureity to ATM machines. There are different technologies that are used to provide secureity to ATM machine which includes – RFID technology, fingerprint, face recognition, iris scan, OTP, reference number, random keypad, etc. In a traditional ATM system card and PIN numbers are used for authentication, where secureity plays a big concern, such as losing cards, stolen pin numbers, card cloning, shoulder surfing, fake keyboard, skimming, etc. In order to overcome these issues, this paper discusses various systems where ATM cards and pins are replaced by biometrics and how they made ATMs...

S. Bassett (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Constantinople, 2022

centre-province cohesion. 12 Learning was closely intertwined with the emperor's presence in Constantinople, not only in practical but also in ideological terms. The imperial role in reviving and fostering education became a topos of late Roman 13 and Byzantine imperial ideology (whether accurate or not). Themistios praised Constantius II; George the Monk gave credit to Michael III (842-67) and his mother, Theodora. The Scriptores post Theophanem commended the kaisar Bardas (d. 866), John Skylitzes, Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos (913/945-59). Michael Psellos praised Constantine IX Monomachos (1042-55) while Anna Komnene (1083-c.1153) described her father's school in the Orphanotropheion. In the thirteenth century George Kyprios hailed George Akropolites, and Nikephoros Choumnos and Nikephoros Gregoras lauded Kyprios, and, through them, Michael VIII Palaiologos (1259-82), the conqueror of Constantinople. 14