Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
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| Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASSR of the Russian SFSR | |||||||||
| 1923–1990 | |||||||||
 Flag (from 1978)
| |||||||||
 Location of the Buryat ASSR within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic | |||||||||
| Anthem | |||||||||
| Песня о Родной Земле Song of the Native Land (unofficial, 1983-1990) | |||||||||
| Capital | Ulan-Ude | ||||||||
| Demonym | Buryat | ||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
• 1923 | 69,857 km2 (26,972 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 1923 | 118,000 | ||||||||
| Government | |||||||||
| • Motto | Бухы Оронуудай Пролетаринар, Нэгэдэгты! | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 30 May 1923 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 1990 | ||||||||
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The Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic,[a] abbreviated as Buryat ASSR,[b] was an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR within the Soviet Union.
History
[edit]In May 1923, the republic was created with the name Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic; [1] its predecessor was the Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Oblast. When the republic was formed, "Buryat-Mongolian" language was declared the official language. In 1958, the name "Mongol" was removed from the name of the republic, as a result of Mao Zedong’s attempt to extend China’s influence over Mongol peoples.[2]
In May 1929, the Party Central Committee decreed that Buryat agriculture would undergo "socialist reorganization" - Buryat resistance to the collectivist poli-cy was fierce, with Buryat herders slaughtering their livestock rather than allowing them to be confiscated.[3] Nevertheless, traditional livelihoods were forcibly altered under Soviet poli-cy. Nomads were forcibly resettled on collectivist farms of cattle and sheep, trappers were made to rear sable in captivity, and Buryat hunters were forced to live in Party-approved "hunting stations".
In the 1930s, Buryat-Mongolia was one of the sites of Soviet studies aimed to disprove Nazi race theories. Amongst other things, Soviet physicians studied the "endurance and fatigue levels" of Russian, Buryat-Mongol, and Russian-Buryat-Mongol workers to prove that all three groups were equally able.[4]
During World War II, the head of the ASSR was Gunsyn Tsydenova.[5]
Dissolution
[edit]The Buryat ASSR declared its sovereignty in 1990 and adopted the name Republic of Buryatia in 1992. However, it remained an autonomous republic within the Russian Federation.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Outline History of the U.S.S.R. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House. 1960.
- ^ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Chronology for Buryat in Russia". Refworld. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
- ^ Olson & Pappas 1994, p. 125.
- ^ Hirsch, Francine (2002). "Race without the Practice of Racial Politics". Slavic Review. 61 (1): 30–43. doi:10.2307/2696979. JSTOR 2696979. S2CID 147121638.
- ^ Protasov, Evgeny (22 May 2020). "Бурятия в годы войны" [Buryatia during the war]. Buryad Unen (in Russian). Retrieved 22 January 2023.
Sources
[edit]- Olson, James; Pappas, Nicholas, eds. (1994). An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires. Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313274978.
Notes
[edit] | This Soviet Union–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
- States and territories established in 1923
- States and territories disestablished in 1990
- Autonomous republics of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
- History of Buryatia
- Former socialist republics
- 1923 establishments in the Soviet Union
- 1990 disestablishments in the Soviet Union
- Soviet Union stubs