投じる
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 投 |
| とう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi |
Etymology
[edit]Shift from 投ずる (tōzuru), by natural progression from サ行変格活用 (sagyō henkaku katsuyō, “s-irregular conjugation”) verbs ending in -uru to 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) とーじる [tòójírú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- (Tokyo) とーじる [tòójíꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
- IPA(key): [to̞ːʑiɾɯ̟]
Verb
[edit]投じる • (tōjiru) intransitive ichidan (stem 投じ (tōji), past 投じた (tōjita))
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "投じる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 投じ | とうじ | tōji | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 投じ | とうじ | tōji | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 投じる | とうじる | tōjiru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 投じる | とうじる | tōjiru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 投じれ | とうじれ | tōjire | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 投じよ¹ 投じろ² |
とうじよ¹ とうじろ² |
tōjiyo¹ tōjiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 投じられる | とうじられる | tōjirareru | |
| Causative | 投じさせる 投じさす |
とうじさせる とうじさす |
tōjisaseru tōjisasu | |
| Potential | 投じられる 投じれる³ |
とうじられる とうじれる³ |
tōjirareru tōjireru³ | |
| Volitional | 投じよう | とうじよう | tōjiyō | |
| Negative | 投じない 投じぬ 投じん |
とうじない とうじぬ とうじん |
tōjinai tōjinu tōjin | |
| Negative continuative | 投じず | とうじず | tōjizu | |
| Formal | 投じます | とうじます | tōjimasu | |
| Perfective | 投じた | とうじた | tōjita | |
| Conjunctive | 投じて | とうじて | tōjite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 投じれば | とうじれば | tōjireba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN