Papers by Yayan Indriatmoko
Globalisation and market and financial liberalisation have increased the exposure of forests to g... more Globalisation and market and financial liberalisation have increased the exposure of forests to global trade and investment, which has aggravated the historical trends of deforestation and forest degradation. • The main forces that compete with REDD+ include a growing integration of food, energy and financial markets, an increasing level and volatility of commodity prices, and a new wave of large-scale investments in agriculture. • For REDD+ to reduce pressures on forests, while stimulating the transition to more equitable and sustainable development, measures are needed on the supply and demand side to stimulate the adoption of forest-conserving land uses, de-incentivise the conversion of forestlands, and incentivise increased production on non-forestlands.
Responding to Environmental Issues through Adaptive Collaborative Management
The Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership (KFCP) was launched in January 2010 as one of four... more The Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership (KFCP) was launched in January 2010 as one of four official REDD+ demonstration activities in Indonesia (Masyhud 2010). Its objective was to “demonstrate a credible, equitable, and effective approach to reducing GHG emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, including from the degradation of peatlands…” (IAFCP 2009, 2). It officially ended in June 2014.Among the Indonesian REDD+ initiatives included in the CIFOR-GCS sample, KFCP was the most advanced in terms of field implementation. That was because the initiative had substantial up-front funding and did not require a concession license for the intervention area (cf. Katingan in Chapter 18 and Rimba Raya in Chapter 20). However, KFCP became highly politicized and attracted (often unfavorable) media attention at the local, national and international levels. The proponent organization stayed mostly silent as allegations about their negative impacts on indigenous peoples and ineffectiveness in reducing emissions became widespread. Our field observations suggest that some of these negative public perceptions were unfounded. Thus, this case highlights the importance of a clear communication strategy for large, high-profile REDD+ initiatives such as KFCP.This chapter draws upon primary data from three sources. First, we conducted household and village-level surveys in four settlements, consisting of two villages (desa) and two hamlets (dusun), where 131 of 683 households were interviewed in late 2010. All tables and figures are based on these survey data. Second, we interviewed key informants in various organizations in 2011–2013. Third, we studied the ways local people use peatlands and local people’s perceptions of REDD+ and KFCP, from 2010 to 2012. This study yielded deeper qualitative insights through structured and semi-structured interviews, field observations and informal dialogues in five communities, including three of the communities where we conducted household surveys.
Conflict in common pool resource management is ubiquitous. As a result, the call for conflict man... more Conflict in common pool resource management is ubiquitous. As a result, the call for conflict management has increased during the past decades. The “ideal ” goal in conflict management is to achieve positive changes and avoid unnecessary escalation to destructive levels. While it has been argued that the role of local institutions in conflict management is central, little is known about how these institutions could actually deal with conflict. In this paper, we highlight how local institutions respond to the various inter-settlement conflicts over the issue of unclear resource boundaries in Danau Sentarum National Park (DNSP). We discuss conflict management approaches taken by the Dayak and the Malay ethnic groups in response to forestry and fishery conflicts and consider their effectiveness. We also demonstrate how customary laws are used in conflict management. We identify gaps in these approaches and discuss several possible ways forward. We argue that enhancing communication and...
International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management, 2009
The discussions on climate change and potential mechanisms to support conservation efforts have f... more The discussions on climate change and potential mechanisms to support conservation efforts have fixed the attention on incentives to conserve and protect forests. However incentives alone will not do the job for forest conservation, what might? We will use the case of Kutai National Park to examine the potential for incentives to boost conservation and the urgent need for simultaneously applying disincentives against conversion of the national park. Kutai NP is an extreme case: conservation values have to compete with the value of vast deposits of high grade coal (possibly in 50 % of the 200,000 ha of the NP). The Park management unit has tried to calculate the conservation benefits derived from the park ecosystem, but these values are miniscule compared to the alternative of mining. Incentives for encroachment or even conversion of the Park are the easy accessible timber and known enormous coal deposits. These resources provide an immediate tangible benefit for the settlers in the park and the local government to exploit the park. We will show how these incentives for conversion affect local possibilities for conserving the important ecosystem of Kutai National Park. We will then examine what mix of incentives and disincentives might provide the appropriate push to change to tide for the national park. If we are to be serious about conserving important ecosystems, incentives alone will not do the job. Some force might be needed to ensure that all stakeholders support the commitment to preserve representative example of biodiversity / ecosystems. Each stakeholder will have to make some sacrifice, e.g. settlers will have limited development options, local government have to agree to set aside some area that can not be "developed" and the national government will have to provide subsidies as incentives to local stakeholders and ensure law enforcement
Conflict in common pool resource management is ubiquitous. As a result, the call for conflict man... more Conflict in common pool resource management is ubiquitous. As a result, the call for conflict management has increased during the past decades. The “ideal” goal in conflict management is to achieve positive changes and avoid unnecessary escalation to destructive levels. While it has been argued that the role of local institutions in conflict management is central, little is known about how these institutions could actually deal with conflict. In this paper, we highlight how local institutions respond to the various inter-settlement conflicts over the issue of unclear resource boundaries in Danau Sentarum National Park (DNSP). We discuss conflict management approaches taken by the Dayak and the Malay ethnic groups in response to forestry and fishery conflicts and consider their effectiveness. We also demonstrate how customary laws are used in conflict management. We identify gaps in these approaches and discuss several possible ways forward. We argue that enhancing communication and ...
Center for International Forestry Research CIFOR advances human wellbeing, environmental conserva... more Center for International Forestry Research CIFOR advances human wellbeing, environmental conservation and equity by conducting research to inform policies and practices that affect forests in developing countries. CIFOR is one of 15 centres within the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). CIFOR's headquarters are in Bogor, Indonesia. It also has offices in Asia, Africa and South America. CIFOR gratefully acknowledges the assistance of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, and financial support from the Royal Norwegian Embassy in Jakarta. This report does not necessarily reflect the opinions of the United Nations Office for Drugs and Crime nor the Royal Norwegian Embassy in Jakarta.
cifor.cgiar.org
The 2006 regulation on national park zoning allows for 7 zones along the spectrum of conservation... more The 2006 regulation on national park zoning allows for 7 zones along the spectrum of conservation and use. This system will be difficult to manage and must be simplified. Two zones are recommended, for use and conservation. This will make the initial zoning definition and later management easier. Special use zones are to be established through formal agreement and managed collaboratively with the aim of integrating development for local people and conservation for the public interest.
Forests, Trees and Livelihoods, 2014
Community-based conservation (CBC) has re-emerged as an alternative to the failures of state-cont... more Community-based conservation (CBC) has re-emerged as an alternative to the failures of state-controlled conservation. Participation of local communities and traditional knowledge are central to the CBC concept. Although various participatory approaches have been used, few studies have reviewed the effectiveness of these approaches, particularly in achieving both conservation and livelihoods objectives. This paper analyses our own cumulative experience with participatory approaches in order to help improve general practice. We specifically report and analyse the merits and limitations of two approaches that we used in Indonesia: problem-solving (PS) and appreciative inquiry (AI). While CBC is rooted in local communities' knowledge and practices, most rural people in Indonesia lack confidence in their own potential, and are worried about being labelled 'old fashioned' if they maintain their traditions. Problems in managing natural resources should indeed be understood both by external actors and local stakeholders. However, using problems as the primary basis for formulating actions (the PS approach) exacerbated the tendency of communities to be highly dependent on external assistance and led to poor and slow progress. On the contrary, AI proved to be a powerful way to build the self-confidence and self-reliance of rural people, stimulated creative and innovative strategies, motivated active rather than simply nominal participation and helped sustain participatory and efficient processes.
World Development, 2014
ABSTRACT In the REDD+ debate, tenure security is often linked to equity concerns. Yet REDD+ is al... more ABSTRACT In the REDD+ debate, tenure security is often linked to equity concerns. Yet REDD+ is also about the effectiveness of reducing emissions. We propose a conceptual framework linking tenure with REDD+ effectiveness, taking into account that tenure security equally protects the right to reduce and to increase emissions. Survey-based research, at five emerging REDD+ sites in Indonesia in 2010, revealed that tenure is ambiguous and contested, thus insecure. Low dependence on forest-based livelihoods suggests limited interest in reducing emissions. Securing community tenure does not necessarily lead to REDD+ effectiveness unless it can compete with other economic interests that emit GHGs.
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Papers by Yayan Indriatmoko