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2024, (Em)bedding the Romans. Rare fragments of a Roman bed in the extra-mural settlement of Marktveld-Weerdkampen, Valkenburg, Zuid-Holland (the Netherlands).
https://doi.org/10.59641/mm723py…
16 pages
1 file
Wood, craft, and people. The potential and challenges of 47 wooden objects from Roman contexts
2008
In this contribution I will first enter upon Roman household furniture and espe- cially the preservation of wooden furniture and its specific use in everyday life. In the second part, as a case study, I will treat the sources we have at our disposal about Roman banquets (convivia) and the rooms in which they took place. The interior decoration and the furniture used will be discussed, as well as the etiquette that hadto be observed during dining and drinking.
Welcoming remarks 9:15-9:30 Dimitris LIAKOS Τhe study of woodcarving from the 11 th to the 16 th centuries in the Balkans and the Eastern Mediterranean. A brief overview 1st SESSION-BΥΖΑΝΤΙΝΕ WOODWORK: CASE STUDIES AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS Chair: Pagona PAPADOPOULOU 9.30-9.50 Nikolaos SIOMKOS The relief icon of St. George in Kiev revisited 9:50-10.10 Yiannis VARALIS Wooden artifacts with inlaid ivory and bone of the byzantine period 10.10-10.30 Ioannis SISIOU Late byzantine wooden artifacts from Kastoria 10.30-10.50 Varvara PAPADOPOULOU The byzantine wooden artifacts from Epiros 10.50-11.10 Μanuel CASTIÑEIRAS Byzantine wooden thrones and devices for icon display: some intriguing issues concerning the Kahn Madonna 11.10-11.30 Paschalis ANDROUDIS Late byzantine wooden doors from the Church of Panaghia Chrysafitissa and the Hermitage of Prodromos at Vassaras (Laconia, Peloponnese). A comparative case study 11.30-12.00 Questions-Discussion 12.00-12.10 Break 2nd SESSION-WOODWORK FROM THE LATIN WEST: NARRATIVES OF ORNAMENT AND INTERCULTURALISM Chair: Μanuel CASTIÑEIRAS 12.10-12.30 Lev Arie KAPITAIKIN Woodcarvers and Mosaicists: Ornament Synchronies between the Cappella Palatina and the Martorana in Palermo
Wood and Charcoal. Evidence for human and natural history. Saguntum Extra 13
This article discusses several timber structures, wooden objects and manufacturing waste recovered from settlements and specialist production sites during the Iron Age and the Roman period in northwest Iberia. These archaeobotanical remains were preserved directly by carbonization, waterlogging and occasionally mineralization, as well as indirectly by impressions on clay. The study of these artifacts and structures allows us to characterize forestry practice, technical process of woodworking (sequence of actions, techniques and gestures), household equipment and architecture.
Conference Presentation at the international HNA CONFERENCE GHENT 2018, 23 – 26 May
Significant amounts of wood materials have been uncovered in archaeological sites from the Roman Period in the Land of Israel. This work deals with wooden items that could be determined to be manufactured objects, or had traces of working on them. The catalogue of this study contains 532 objects, most of which were discovered in the Judaean Desert, the Negev or the Arava regions, where preservation conditions are better than in other areas of the Land of Israel. It is most likely that the same repertoire of items was used in other areas of the country, but did not survive.
SUPPLYING THE ROMAN EMPIRE LIMES XXV, 2024
Among the well-preserved wood finds from Weerdkampen (124-315 A.D.), a vicus located near the Limes at Valkenburg North-Holland, are two finds that really stand out: turned pieces of an oak and boxwood bed. Allthough the wood may be imported, the style of this furniture does not breathe ‘Rome’.
Evoking Roman architecture mostly brings to mind images of impressive temples and aqueducts, or luxurious villas. When technicians discuss about construction methods, they usually refer to the use of stone, bricks or concrete. They seldom talk about timber, especially about timber frameworks. One of the reasons for this omission is, surely, that this is a method whose material and bibliographic testimonies are almost nonexistent, and for that reason, we have rarely faced up to them. In the research that is being carried out we study the historical, technical, social and even the legal context where the Roman timber framing was developed, for understanding the complete situation. The conclusions of the works that we are invited to expound here are surprising. They highlight the relevance of such technique, with a reach that was at the moment completely unknown, but whose discovery opens new approaches for the knowledge of the Roman construction.
During the recent excavation at the former Naval airfield to the south of Valkenburg, a legionary fortress from the first half of the 1 st century AD was discovered (Vos et al. 2021;Blom et al. in preparation). The Roman auxiliary fort in the village of Valkenburg was built during the same period (Phase 1). The fact that timber buildings were constructed inside the legionary fortress, together with the robust nature of the defense works,
indicates that it was intended as a (semi-)permanent site, most probably for campaigning.
It is clear that the microregion and the ribbon of occupation along this part of the limes consisted of various components, which were functionally matched to each other. The Marktveld-Weerdkampen settlement revolved around animal husbandry (mainly cattle), processing cereal crops (home-grown and/or supplied), fishing and horse breeding.
These activities were clearly aimed at surplus production, probably intended to support the auxiliary fort and the extra-mural settlement. Other crafts, in particular bone-, metal-and woodworking, were practiced only to a limited extent and should probably mainly be seen as home crafts.
In 2017, trial trench investigations were carried out by ADC ArcheoProjecten in the area between Katwijk and Leiden.
After this research phase an archaeological excavation was advised, which was approved by the local authorities where so much wood is being excavated, for financial reasons and because of storage problems it is not possible to keep all wood finds for future research.
The Antiquities in Leiden (Noelke 2005, 189-190 and note 125).
The gravestone of the ala veteran Valens from Vechten can be dated to about 130 (Noelke 2005, 189-190 and note 128). The best-preserved tombstone from Nijmegen with a similar motive is currently kept in the Provincial Archaeological Depot of the province of Gelderland in Nijmegen, was found in 1699 and was published by Daniëls and Brunsting (1955, 42, no. 60).
A famous example is depicted in the Simpelveld sarcophagus, now at the National Museum of Antiquities in Leiden. Other examples of different forms from
Germania inferior and superior have been published by Noelke (2005). These very different bed leg forms suggest that there were no standard shapes for bed legs in the northwestern provinces of the Roman Empire, as seems to have been the case with a certain type of luxury bed legs found in the centre of the Empire. These were provided with a bronze shell over the wooden core (Mols 1999, 35-43;2020). The placing of the spherical element on top of the bed frame may have been inspired by this type of Mediterranean bedstead.
The it is not possible for this bed to have had three raised sides, like the one depicted in the sarcophagus of Simpelveld. It is very tempting to interpret the turned part in box wood as one of two supports for the elevation or fulcrum on one of the short sides of two of the three beds in a triclinium, the purpose of which was to hold the three mattresses in place (on fulcra see Faust 1989).However, the boxwood support is higher and narrower than the rather low and broad
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