Men, Women, and Machines: How Trade Impacts Gender Inequality

Chinhui Juhn (), Gergely Ujhelyi and Carolina Villegas-Sanchez ()

No 18106, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: This paper studies the effect of trade liberalization on an under-explored aspect of wage inequality - gender inequality. We consider a model where firms differ in their productivity and workers are differentiated by skill as well as gender. A reduction in tariffs induces more productive firms to modernize their technology and enter the export market. New technologies involve computerized production processes and lower the need for physically demanding skills. As a result, the relative wage and employment of women improves in blue-collar tasks, but not in white-collar tasks. We test our model using a panel of establishment level data from Mexico exploiting tariff reductions associated with the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Consistent with our theory we find that tariff reductions caused new firms to enter the export market, update their technology and replace male blue-collar workers with female blue-collar workers.

JEL-codes: F1 J2 J31 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2012-05
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-hme, nep-int and nep-lab
Note: ITI LS
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (9)

Published as Juhn, Chinhui & Ujhelyi, Gergely & Villegas-Sanchez, Carolina, 2014. "Men, women, and machines: How trade impacts gender inequality," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 179-193.

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