Immigrants and the U.S. Wage Distribution

Vasil I. Yasenov
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Vasil I. Yasenov: Stanford University, Immigration Policy Lab

No 20-320, Upjohn Working Papers from W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research

Abstract: A large body of literature estimates the relative wage impacts of immigration on low- and high-skill natives, but it is unclear how these effects map onto changes of the wage distribution. I document the movement of foreign-born workers in the U.S. wage distribution, showing that, since 1980, they have become increasingly overrepresented in the bottom. Downgrading of education and experience obtained abroad partially drives this pattern. I then undertake two empirical approaches to deepen our understanding of the way foreign-born workers shape the wage structure. First, I estimate a standard theoretical model featuring constant elasticity of substitution technology and skill types stratified across wage deciles. Second, I estimate reduced-form quantile treatment effects by constructing a ceteris paribus counterfactual wage distribution with lower immigration levels. Both analyses uncover a similar monotone pattern: a one percentage point increase in the share of foreign-born leads to a 0.2–0.3 (0.2–0.4) percent wage decrease (increase) in the bottom (top) decile and asserts no significant pressure in the middle. When analyzing the drivers of this pattern, I find suggestive evidence for a novel mechanism through which local labor markets absorb foreign-born workers: occupational differentiation of immigrants relative to natives.

Keywords: immigration; local labor markets; wage structure; counterfactual distribution; quantile treatment effects (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C21 J15 J21 J31 R23 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020-01
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-int, nep-mig and nep-ure
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