Bundi State

Bundi State
Bundi State
1241–1949
	Flag Coat of arms
	Motto: "Dharm ke jeet ho, adharm ka naash ho"; Let righteousness prevail, iniquity perish
	Bundi State in the Imperial Gazetteer of India.
Religion	Hinduism
History
• Established	1241
• Accession in; Dominion of India	1949
Area
• Total	5,750 km2 (2,220 sq mi)
Population
• 1931	216,722
	Succeeded by
Republic of India
Today part of	Rajasthan, India
	This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bundi". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

Bundi State, founded by Hada Rao Devda (ruler of the Hada Chauhan dynasty), was a princely state in India. The former state was located in modern-day Rajasthan. It was ruled by Hada Chauhan Rajputs.^[1]

Maharao Bhao Singh riding an elephant. c. 1675

The last ruler of Bundi State signed the accession to join the Indian Union in 1949.

History

Watercolour painting of the town and pass of Bundi in Rajasthan, by an anonymous artist working in the British school, c. 1840.

Sukh Niwas Palace on the edge of the Jait Sagar tank at Bundi, c. 1900

Medieval era

The region was governed by Rao Deva, who took over Bundi in 1241, renaming the surrounding area as Haravati or Haroti. For the next two centuries, the Hadas of Bundi were the vassals of the Sisodias of Mewar and ruled by the title of Rao until 1569, when Emperor Akbar conferred the title of Rao Raja upon Rao Surjan Singh after the surrender of Ranthambore Fort and his submission. In 1632, Rao Raja Chattar Sal became the ruler, he built the temple of Keshavarao at Keshoraipatan and Chathra Mahal at Bundi. He became king of Bundi after his grandfather Rao Ratan Singh, as his father Gopinath died while Ratan Singh was still ruling. He saw service with the Mughal forces as head of his Hada Chauhan Rajput troop and was considered an integral part of Mughal army by Shahjahan. Rao Chattar Sal was trusted by Dara Shikoh with governorship of Delhi, a rare privilege for a Hindu. He remained loyal to Shahjahan and Dara Shikoh during the rebellion of Aurangzeb despite many temptations and even threats from Aurangzeb. Rao Chattar Sal died fighting as the head of his Hada Rajput troops^[2] in the Battle of Samugarh in 1658 along with his youngest son Bharat Singh.^[3] Rao Bhao Singh (1658–1678) the eldest son of Chhattar Sal succeeded his father to the throne of Bundi. In 1707, Bahadur Shah I conferred the title of Maharao Raja upon Raja Budh Singh.^[4]

British era

View looking along a bazaar at Bundi taken by Gunpatrao Abajee Kale, c.1900.

Palace and fortress at Bundi (1832)

In 1804 Rao Raja Bishan Singh (1773–1821) gave valuable assistance to Colonel Monson in his disastrous retreat before Holkar, in revenge for which the Maratha Empire and Pindaris continually ravaged his state and forced the kingdom to pay tribute up to 1817. Consequently, Bishan Singh made a subsidiary alliance with the British East India Company on 10 February 1818, which brought him under its protection. was responsible for the creation of the pleasure palace of Sukh Niwas on the outskirts of Bundi.

Maharao Raja Ram Singh (1821–89) grew up to be a much-respected ruler who initiated economic and administrative reforms and established schools for the teaching of Sanskrit. On the throne for 68 years, he was described as "the most conservative prince in [a] conservative Rajputana."^[5] His rule was popular and beneficial; and though during the mutiny of 1857 his attitude was equivocal, he continued to enjoy the confidence of the British, being created G.C.S.I. and a counselor of the empire in 1877 and C.I.E. in 1878. He was succeeded by his adopted son Raghubir Singh (1889–1927), who was made a K.C.S.I. in 1897 and a G.C.I.E. in 1901. His reign was blighted by two disastrous famines. Despite his best efforts at alleviation, the population of his kingdom was reduced from some 258,000 to 171,000 by 1901 due to death and emigration.^[5]

Maharao Bahadur Singh (1945–77) also supported the British and served in the Burma campaign, where he earned the Military Cross for his gallantry before succeeding to the throne. He was a guest at 1947 wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.^[6]

Accession to India

At the time of the partition of India in 1947, the British abandoned their suzerainty over the princely states, which were left to decide whether to remain independent or to accede to the newly independent Dominion of India or to Pakistan. The ruler of the state of Bundi decided to accede to India, which later became the Union of India. This brought the internal affairs of Bundi under the control of Delhi. Bundi's last ruler signed the accession to the Indian Union on 7 April 1949.^[7]

Coat of arms

The coat of arms of Bundi was a shield depicting a warrior emerging from flames, signifying the creation-legend of the ruling Chouhan clan of Rajputs which was supposedly created from fire. The shield is flanked by cows representing dharma or righteousness; it is crowned by a hand holding a Katar.^[8]

Rulers

The rulers of Bundi State belonged to Hada Chauhan dynasty of Rajputs.^[9]

Rao Raja

1554 - 1585 Surjan Singh
1585 - 1608 Bhoj Singh
1608 - 1632 Ratan Singh
1632 - 1658 Chattar Sal Singh
1658 - 1682 Bhao Singh
1682 - 1696 Anirudh Singh
1696 - 1730 Budh Singh (b. 16.. - d. 1739)
1730 - 1749 Dalel Singh
1749 - 1770 Umaid Singh (1st time) (b. 1729 - d. 1804)
1770 - 1773 Ajit Singh (d. 1773)
1773 - 1804 Umaid Singh (2nd time) (s.a.)
1804 - 14 May 1821 Bishen Singh (b. 1773 - d. 1821)

Maharao Raja

14 May 1821 - 28 Mar 1889 Ram Singh (b. 1811 - d. 1889) (from 1 Jan 1877, Sir Ram Singh)
28 Mar 1889 - 26 Jul 1927 Raghubir Singh (b. 1869 - d. 1927)

(from 1 Jan 1894, Sir Raghubir Singh)

26 Jul 1927 - 23 Apr 1945 Ishwari Singh (b. 1893 - d. 1945) (from 11 May 1937, Sir Ishwari Singh)
23 Apr 1945 - 15 Aug 1947 Bahadur Singh (b. 1920 - d. 1977)

Titular Maharajdhiraja

1947 – 1977 Bahadur Singh
1977 - 2010 Ranjit Singh
2021 - till date Brigadier HH Bhupesh Singh, SC, VSM

References

^ Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 9, p. 80.
^ Crump, Vivien; Toh, Irene (1996). Rajasthan. London: Everyman Guides. p. 291. ISBN 1-85715-887-3.
^ Sodhi, Jiwan (1999). A Study of Bundi School of Painting. India: Abhinav Publications. p. 29. ISBN 81-7017-347-7.
^ Imperial Gazetteer of India, v.9, p. 80-81
^ ^a ^b The Times, 30 July 1927, page 12, Issue 44647.
^ Royal Collection: Seating plan for the Ball Supper Room http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/microsites/royalwedding1947/object.asp?grouping=&exhibs=NONE&object=9000366&row=82&detail=magnify
^ Princely States of India
^ The Princely Armory. Publ. by The Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing. Calcutta. 1877
^ "Indian Princely States".

External links

Silver Rupee of Bundi
Media related to Bundi State at Wikimedia Commons

25°26′N 75°38′E / 25.44°N 75.64°E / 25.44; 75.64

[1] Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 9, p. 80.

[2] Crump, Vivien; Toh, Irene (1996). Rajasthan. London: Everyman Guides. p. 291. ISBN 1-85715-887-3.

[3] Sodhi, Jiwan (1999). A Study of Bundi School of Painting. India: Abhinav Publications. p. 29. ISBN 81-7017-347-7.

[4] Imperial Gazetteer of India, v.9, p. 80-81

[Times_1927-5] The Times, 30 July 1927, page 12, Issue 44647.

[6] Royal Collection: Seating plan for the Ball Supper Room http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/microsites/royalwedding1947/object.asp?grouping=&exhibs=NONE&object=9000366&row=82&detail=magnify

[7] Princely States of India

[8] The Princely Armory. Publ. by The Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing. Calcutta. 1877

[9] "Indian Princely States".

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