Xulhaz Mannan (Bengali: জুলহাজ মান্নান; 12 October 1976 – 25 April 2016) was an employee of the United States embassy in Dhaka and the founder of Bangladesh's first and only LGBT-themed magazine, Roopbaan.[1] He was killed in his apartment along with another LGBT activist Mahbub Rabbi Tonoy in a machete attack by Islamist extremists.[2]
Xulhaz Mannan | |
|---|---|
| Born | 12 October 1976 |
| Died | 25 April 2016 (aged 39) |
| Known for | LGBTQ activism in Bangladesh |
Early life and education
editMannan's mother is a retired education ministry officer, and his father, who died several years ago was actively involved with the Bangladeshi independence movement in 1971.[3]
Mannan was born on 12 October 1976.[4] He completed his SSC and HSC (1993) at Dhaka Residential Model College. He was involved in cultural activities from junior school. He then completed his B.Com at City College, Dhaka. Later he studied at Dhaka University and finished with honors in International Relations. In 2003 he received a master's degree of Social Sciences in Peace and Conflict Studies.[5]
Career
editHe started his career in MGH Group, and later joined the US embassy, Dhaka, as a protocol officer of the ambassador till 2015 and then switched to US Aid in September 2015.[1] He was involved in many activities outside work. He was a script writer for a NTV production at the very beginning. Photography, travel, hiking, event organizing were some of his hobbies.
Mannan was founder and publisher of Roopbaan, the only magazine for the LGBT community in Bangladesh launched in 2014.[6][7] He had worked in the human rights sector especially for the LGBT community in Bangladesh.[8] He successfully arranged a "rainbow rally" in Dhaka in April 2014, however the rally was canceled in 2016 on police instruction as Islamic groups threatened to kill anyone taking part.[7]
On 27 April 2016, Bangladeshi prime minister Sheikh Hasina criticized his writings by comparing them with adult content.[9]
Death
editHe had received death threats after trying to organise a youth LBGT "Rainbow Rally" in early April 2016.[9] Mannan was killed in his apartment along with LGBT activist Mahbub Rabbi Tonoy in a stabbing attack shortly after he had posted pictures of himself on the Internet and openly declaring he was gay.[10] It is believed it was the open declaration of his sexuality which gave the go ahead for the extremist group that killed him. A witness reported five men leaving the scene chanting "Allahu Akbar" ("Allah is Great").[3] Ansar al-Islam, an Al-Qaida-linked group claimed responsibility for the murders stating as he had himself confirmed his sexuality he needed to be killed according to shariah law.[11][12]
In May 2019, eight extremists were charged by Bangladesh police for the murders. Four of the eight are in custody and police are still searching for the others.[13][14]
In August 2021 the court sentenced six people to death for the murder.[15]
Reactions
edit- USAID, following Mannan's death published a statement calling him "a dedicated and courageous advocate for human rights".[11]
- The United States Department of State told to Reuters, "We are outraged by the barbaric attack on Mr Xulhaz Mannan, a beloved member of our embassy family and a courageous advocate for LGBTI rights. Human rights, actually".[16]
- US ambassador Marcia Bernicat condemned the killing by saying "We abhor this senseless act of violence".[17]
- US Secretary of State John Kerry phoned prime minister Sheikh Hasina and urged the arrest of Mannan's killers.[18]
- On the 5-year anniversary of his death USAID issued a statement remembering Mannan and demanding that his murderers be brought to justice[19]
- Also on the 5-year anniversary United States Secretary of State Antony Blinken issued a statement remembering his 9 years at the embassy before joining USAID[20]
- In France, various NPOs together award the "Out d'Or" prize to people who have made an outstanding contribution to the visibility of LGBT people. The prize is awarded in seven categories. In the category "foreign press" it is called "Prix Xulhaz Mannan".
Xulhaz Mannan Memorial Award of Diversity
editInclusive Bangladesh, in 2021, started Xulhaz Mannan Memorial Award of Diversity to celebrate Xulhaz's legacy and to perpetuate his passion and vision.[21]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "Gay Activist Killed". No. 6 May 2016. The Week. 6 May 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
- ^ Al-Mahmood, Syed Zain (26 April 2016). "Editor of Bangladesh Gay Magazine Hacked to Death in His Home". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
- ^ a b "Editor of Bangladesh's first gay rights magazine stabbed to death". Fox News. Associated Press. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
- ^ "Bangladesch: LGBT-Aktivist brutal ermordet". Queeramnesty.ch (in Swiss High German). May 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ^ "Statement by USAID administrator Gayle Smith on the death of foreign service national Xulhaz Mannan". US Aid. Archived from the original on 27 April 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
- ^ Hussain, Hadi (26 April 2016). "Xulhaz Mannan: A Friend, An Ally, A Fellow Rainbow Conspirator". Gaylaxy. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
- ^ a b Gani, Saad Hammadi Aisha (25 April 2016). "Founder of Bangladesh's first and only LGBT magazine killed". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
- ^ "Confronting the comfortable closet in Bangladesh, article by Xulhaz Mannan in Pink Pages, India's National LGBT Magazine". Pink Pages. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
- ^ a b "Campaign of terror against Bangladesh's liberal voices". The Economist. 27 April 2016. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
- ^ "Bangladesh LGBT editor hacked to death". BBC News. 25 April 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
- ^ a b Hodges, Lauren (26 April 2016). "Editor Of Bangladesh's Only LGBT Magazine Is Hacked To Death". NPR. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
- ^ Eliott C. McLaughlin; Don Melvin; Tiffany Ap (25 April 2016). "Al Qaeda claims #Bangladesh LGBT murders". CNN. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
- ^ "Bangladesh charges eight over murder of LGBT+ activists". Reuters. 13 May 2019.
- ^ "Bangladesh charges extremists over gay activist murders". CNA. Archived from the original on 12 May 2019.
- ^ "Xulhaz-Tonoy murder: 6 Ansar al Islam operatives sentenced to death". The Daily Star. 31 August 2021.
- ^ "Arrest Xulhaz Mannan killers, US Ambassador Bernicat asks Bangladesh government". bdnews24.com. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
- ^ "LGBT editor hacked to death in Bangladesh by Islamist militants". Irish Independent. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
- ^ "Kerry calls Hasina, demands justice for slain gay-rights activist Xulhaz". bdnews24.com. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
- ^ Steele, Gloria (26 April 2021). "Statement from Gloria Steele on the Fifth Anniversary of the Murder Of Xulhaz Mannan - Statement by Acting Administrator Gloria Steele - U.S. Agency for International Development". www.usaid.gov.
- ^ Blinken, Antony (25 April 2021). "On the Fifth Anniversary of the Murder of Xulhaz Mannan". United States Department of State.
- ^ H, Kasintorn (22 June 2021). "Bangladeshi transgender youth activist wins award honoring memory and legacy of an LGBTQI champion". APCOM. Retrieved 17 January 2022.