He also pardoned his son, Hunter Biden, who was facing sentencing for two criminal cases.

"I think all of us are beginning to realise the part we need to play in terms of tackling the sustainability challenges and the climate crisis we're facing," says Prof Caroline.

Mr Mangione, 26, was arrested days later in Pennsylvania and flown to New York where he is facing both federal and state charges, including first-degree murder in furtherance of terrorism.

These blocks disproportionately affected vulnerable individuals, including new parents and those facing health challenges who had received gift card funds from friends and family.

So the problem is not a single electoral defeat, or even a party facing a string of them.