International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2008
Inhibition kinetics and mechanism of polyphenol oxidases (PPO) partially purified from various so... more Inhibition kinetics and mechanism of polyphenol oxidases (PPO) partially purified from various sources such as Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata and Ocimum basilicum L., and of mushroom PPO bought from Sigma by diethyldithiocarbamic acid have been described using catechol, 4-methylcatechol and pyrogallol as substrates. The inhibition type was competitive for O. basilicum L. PPO using catechol and 4-methylcatechol as substrates, for mushroom PPO using catechol, 4-methylcatechol and pyrogallol as substrates, and for T. spicata L. var. spicata PPO using 4-methylcatechol as a substrate; uncompetitive inhibition for T. spicata L. var. spicata PPO using pyrogallol as a substrate; and non-competitive inhibition for O. basilicum L. and T. spicata L. var. spicata PPO using pyrogallol and catechol as substrates, respectively. The inhibition effect of diethyldithiocarbamic acid on enzymatic browning varied greatly from one phenol to another and from one enzyme to another. Hence, no general rule can easily be established with regard to the type of inhibition observed.
The inhibition of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) by glutamic acid was investigated. Application of diff... more The inhibition of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) by glutamic acid was investigated. Application of different concentrations of glutamic acid to mushroom solution and Ocimum basilicum L. extract showed that glutamic acid appeared to be an effective browning inhibitor. Glutamic acid showed uncompetitive inhibition for mushroom and Ocimum basilicum L. polyphenol oxidases using 4-methylcatechol as a substrate, for mushroom PPO using catechol as a substrate and for Ocimum basilicum L. polyphenol oxidase using pyrogallol as a substrate; mixed-type inhibition for mushroom polyphenol oxidase using pyrogallol as a substrate; and non-competitive inhibition for Ocimum basilicum L. polyphenol oxidase using catechol as a substrate. Furthermore, sodium azide was used as an inhibitor for comparison with the inhibition potency of glutamic acid. It was found that glutamic acid was a more power inhibitor than sodium azide. The type of inhibition observed depended on the substrate, inhibitor and enzyme source used.
The removal of cationic dyes such as maxilon yellow 4GL (MY 4GL) and maxilon red GRL (MR GRL) on ... more The removal of cationic dyes such as maxilon yellow 4GL (MY 4GL) and maxilon red GRL (MR GRL) on kaolinite from aqueous solutions has been studied according to the adsorption method. The adsorbed amount of dyes on kaolinite surface was investigated as a function of pH, ionic strength, temperature, acid activation, and calcination temperature. It was found that: (i) the adsorbed amount of cationic dyes increased with increase in pH and decreased with increase in temperature, ionic strength, acid activation, and calcination temperature; (ii) the adsorption process was an exothermic process; (iii) the experimental data were correlated reasonably well by the adsorption isotherm of the Langmuir; and (iv) the interactions between adsorbate and adsorbent from adsorption heat data were physical in nature.
Batch sorption experiments were carried out to remove the cationic dyes, methyl violet (MV) and m... more Batch sorption experiments were carried out to remove the cationic dyes, methyl violet (MV) and methylene blue (MB), from its aqueous solutions using sepiolite as an adsorbent. Operating variables studied were pH, ionic strength and temperature. Adsorption process was attained to the equilibrium within 3 h. The adsorbed amount of MV and MB dyes on sepiolite increased with increasing pH, ionic strength and temperature. The experimental data were analysed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and found that the isotherm data were reasonably well correlated by Langmuir isotherm. Furthermore, for the removal of MV and MB dyes, a batch reactor was designed. Adsorption measurements showed that the process was very fast and physical in nature.
The sorption of Cr(III) from aqueous solutions on kaolinite has been studied by a batch technique... more The sorption of Cr(III) from aqueous solutions on kaolinite has been studied by a batch technique. We have investigated how solution pH, ionic strength and temperature affect this process. The adsorbed amount of chromium ions on kaolinite has increased with increasing pH and temperature when it has decreased with increasing ionic strength. The sorption of Cr(III) on kaolinite is endothermic process in nature. Sorption data have been interpreted in terms of Freundlich and Langmuir equations. The adsorption isotherm was measured experimentally at different conditions, and the experimental data were correlated reasonably well by the adsorption isotherm of the Langmuir, and the isotherm parameters (qm and K) have been calculated as well. The enthalpy change for chromium adsorption has been estimated as 7.0 kJ mol−1. The order of enthalpy of adsorption corresponds to a physical reaction.
as a catalyst in chemical reactions an abrasive; and as an Electrokinetic properties of expanded ... more as a catalyst in chemical reactions an abrasive; and as an Electrokinetic properties of expanded and unexpanded perlite agent in mixtures for oil well cementing (1).
Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) from Rosmarinus officinalis L. was fractionated by ammonium sulfate ((NH4... more Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) from Rosmarinus officinalis L. was fractionated by ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) precipitation and dialysis, and then some of its kinetic properties such as optimum pH and temperature, substrate specificity, thermal inactivation, and inhibition were investigated using 4-methylcatechol, catechol, and pyrogallol as substrates. The protein content of Rosmarinus officinalis L. extracts was determined according to Bradford’s method. Kinetic parameters, K m and V max, were calculated from Lineweaver–Burk plots. According to V max/K m ratio, 4-methylcatechol was the most suitable substrate. The optimum temperature and pH values were 20, 30 and 30 °C, and 7, 8 and 8 for 4-methylcatechol, catechol, and pyrogallol substrates, respectively. The thermal inactivation of PPO was investigated at 35, 55, and 75 °C. The enzyme activity decreased with increasing temperature. The effect of different inhibitors on partly purified Rosmarinus officinalis L. PPO was spectrophotometrically investigated. For this purpose, ascorbic acid and l-cysteine were used to inhibit the activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. PPO at different concentrations. From the experimental results, it was found that l-cysteine is a more effective inhibitor than ascorbic acid due to lower K i values.
The use of perlite for the removal of methyl violet from aqueous solutions at different concentra... more The use of perlite for the removal of methyl violet from aqueous solutions at different concentration, pH, and temperature has been investigated. Adsorption equilibrium is reached within 1 h. The capacity of perlite samples for the adsorption of methyl violet was found to increase with increasing pH and temperature and decrease with expansion and increasing acid-activation. The adsorption isotherms are described by means of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption isotherm was measured experimentally at different conditions and the experimental data were correlated reasonably well by the adsorption isotherm of Langmuir. The order of heat of adsorption corresponds to a physical reaction. It is concluded that the methyl violet is physically adsorbed onto the perlite. The removal efficiency (P) and dimensionless separation factor (R) have shown that perlite can be used for removal of methyl violet from aqueous solutions, but unexpanded perlite is more effective.
The kinetics and mechanism of methylene blue adsorption on perlite have been studied. The effects... more The kinetics and mechanism of methylene blue adsorption on perlite have been studied. The effects of various experimental parameters, such as initial dye concentration, temperature and pH on the adsorption rate were investigated. Adsorption measurements show that the process is very fast and physical in nature. The extent of the dye removal increased with increase in the initial concentration of the dye and the initial pH and temperature of solution. Adsorption data were modelled using the first and second-order kinetic equations, mass transfer and intra-particle diffusion models. It was shown that the second-order kinetic equation could best describe the sorption kinetics. The diffusion coefficient, D, was found to increase when the initial dye concentration, pH and temperature were raised. Thermodynamic activation parameters, such as ΔG∗, ΔS∗ and ΔH∗, were calculated.
Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutionsonto unexpanded and expanded perlite samples a... more Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutionsonto unexpanded and expanded perlite samples activatedby H2SO4 and NaCl solutions has beeninvestigated, to assess the possibility of usingperlite for removing cationic dyes from aqueoussolutions. The effects of pH and temperature of dyesolution on the adsorption capacities have beenevaluated. The experimental data were correlatedreasonably well by the Langmuir adsorption isothermand the isotherm parameters (Q m and K) have beencalculated. The removal efficiency (P) anddimensionless separation factor (R) have shown thatperlite can be used for removal of methylene blue fromaqueous solutions, but unexpanded perlite is more effective.
This study examines adsorption kinetics and activation parameters of methyl violet on perlite. Th... more This study examines adsorption kinetics and activation parameters of methyl violet on perlite. The effect of process parameters like contact time, concentration of dye, temperature and pH on the extent of methyl violet adsorption from solution has been investigated. Results of the kinetic studies show that the adsorption reaction is first order with respect to dye solution concentration with activation energy of 13.2 kJ mol−1. This low activation energy value indicates that the adsorption reaction is diffusion controlled. The activation parameters using Arrhenius and Eyring equations have been calculated. Adsorption increases with increase of variables such as contact time, initial dye concentration, temperature and pH.
In Turkey cadastral and land title (LT) data has a very large spectrum of users; legal authoritie... more In Turkey cadastral and land title (LT) data has a very large spectrum of users; legal authorities, General Directorates of Land Registry and Cadastre, Highways, Foundation, Ministries of Budget, Transportation, Justice, Public Works and Settlement, Environment and Forestry, Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Culture and Internal Affairs, State Institute of Statistics, execution offices, tax offices, real estate offices, private sector, local governments, banks and owners need this data. This need is not only for updated but also for temporal data. The General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre (TKGM) carries out land registry and cadastral works in Turkey. LT data includes such information as the owner and ownership rights. Cadastral data defines the location, shape and size of a real estate. Cadastral and land title data handled by LT and Cadastral Offices which are separate state departments and depends on TKGM. Traditional LTC system enables temporal analyses. Nevertheless, in most of the cases performing an analysis may be a tedious, time consuming, and error-prone task. Nowadays, considerable work has been done to carry out temporal analyses by the means of Geographical Information Systems (GIS). However the main problem of not having a spatio-temporal data model remains. That is, the solutions provided by these work are all application-oriented. This and the fact that there had been no work for this issue in Turkey have motivated us to undertake a work on designing and developing a Temporal Geographic Information System (TGIS) which would enable temporal analyses of LTC data. The TGIS system enables temporal analyses of LTC data, fast and reliable. In this study, after determining the need for temporal analyses of LTC data, how temporal analyses are performed in the traditional system has also been examined. Finally, a TGIS, which enables quick and reliable temporal analyses of LTC data, has been developed. This paper summarizes this work and briefs the analyses, which can be performed in the system.
As known, at the present time, remote sensing technologies are being improved and year by year, b... more As known, at the present time, remote sensing technologies are being improved and year by year, by launching new satellites whose image taking configurations are improved with new techniques, images can be obtained faster with high quality. The satellites which had been launched recently for example; Quickbird, Ikonos and Orbview-3 have 1m and better resolution, continue their missions with quite success. As it is known, for a few years the computer users have been achieving information for every area just by using a computer via the GoogleEarth technology generated by America with the contribution of all other countries. GoogleEarth was improved for showing the images which are taken with remote sensing techniques, transforming to mosaic form for any area and describing the topography and cartography of this area. But, day by day, the various information has begun to be offered by Geographic Information System (GIS) integration to the GoogleEarth and the GoogleEarth has started to develop by this way. Now, the users can provide all types of information for any area after the integration of Geographic Information System to GoogleEarth. For example; they can decide their strategy which they will follow in a probable disaster (earthquake, flood etc.) or even, they can select a restaurant to eat something. In this study, Zonguldak city which is located in North-West part of Turkey is selected as the test field. The high resolution (60 cm) images of American Quickbird satellite are used as pads. Besides, 1:1000 scale digital topographic maps are used for the extraction of details like the roads and buildings with cartography and to provide the currency of the satellite images. The data which are acquired from satellite images and cartography have been integrated in each other in GIS. In GoogleEarth, the information from high resolution satellite images and cartography do not exist for Zonguldak region that's why the results obtained from this study have been planned for the integration to the GoogleEarth in Zonguldak city. At the end of the study, the results are the high resolution satellite images and cartographic data which are in GIS environment and they are harmonious with GoogleEarth.
Documentation of the cultural heritage sites is extremely important for monitoring and preserves ... more Documentation of the cultural heritage sites is extremely important for monitoring and preserves them from natural disasters and human made activities. Due to its very rich historical background from the first human settlements in Catalhoyuk and Alacahoyuk and civilizations such as Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman, there are lots of cultural heritage sites in Turkey. 3D modeling and recording of historical buildings using modern tools and techniques in several locations of Turkey have been conducted and still continuing. The nine cultural sites in Turkey are included in the protection list of UNESCO as cultural heritage and one of them is the township of Safranbolu, which is the one of the most outstanding example of the traditional Turkish Architecture and also unique itself in terms of conservation of the human settlement in their authentic environmental motif up till now. In this study outcomes and further studies of a research project related to study area which is supported by the Turkish National Research Center (TUBITAK) with the project number 106Y157, will be presented in details. The basic aim of the study is development a GIS based information and management system for the city of Safranbolu. All historical buildings which are registered are assigned with the database. 3D modeling some of the selected building among the buildings which are registered as historical monuments using different data comes from different sources similar to their original constructions were realized and then it will be distributed via internet by a web-based information system designed during the project. Also some of the buildings were evaluated using close range photogrammetric technique to obtain their façade reliefs, were also assigned with the database. Designed database consists of 3D models, locations, historical information, cadastral and land register data of the selected buildings together with the other data collected during the project related to buildings. Using this system, all kind of spatial and non-spatial analyses were realized and different thematic maps for the historical city were produced. When the project is finalized, all the historical buildings which are consists of houses, mosques, fountains and caravansary in Safranbolu will be recorded permanently and architectural features of them will be integrated to designed spatial information system. In addition, by the help of internet, many people may be reached the data easily which will be very helpful to increase the number of visitor to the town. Also, this project will be guidance for future related studies.
As in many other countries, land register and cadastre (LRC) data has a very large spectrum of us... more As in many other countries, land register and cadastre (LRC) data has a very large spectrum of users in Turkey. Such a phrase that "many public and private organizations" can be used is LRC data. The need is not only for up-to-date but also for "temporal" data. Since the traditional LRC system has a manual archiving system, the temporal analyses needed by different users cannot be performed in a rapid and reliable way. Moving from this point on and being motivated by the fact that there has been no research work on this issue in Turkey; this research undertook designing and developing a temporal geographic information system (TGIS) for the country. In this context, the relevant agencies have been investigated first to evaluate their temporal analyses needs. Then, the temporal analyses were categorized. Finally, the TGIS was designed, developed, and tested.
International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2008
Inhibition kinetics and mechanism of polyphenol oxidases (PPO) partially purified from various so... more Inhibition kinetics and mechanism of polyphenol oxidases (PPO) partially purified from various sources such as Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata and Ocimum basilicum L., and of mushroom PPO bought from Sigma by diethyldithiocarbamic acid have been described using catechol, 4-methylcatechol and pyrogallol as substrates. The inhibition type was competitive for O. basilicum L. PPO using catechol and 4-methylcatechol as substrates, for mushroom PPO using catechol, 4-methylcatechol and pyrogallol as substrates, and for T. spicata L. var. spicata PPO using 4-methylcatechol as a substrate; uncompetitive inhibition for T. spicata L. var. spicata PPO using pyrogallol as a substrate; and non-competitive inhibition for O. basilicum L. and T. spicata L. var. spicata PPO using pyrogallol and catechol as substrates, respectively. The inhibition effect of diethyldithiocarbamic acid on enzymatic browning varied greatly from one phenol to another and from one enzyme to another. Hence, no general rule can easily be established with regard to the type of inhibition observed.
The inhibition of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) by glutamic acid was investigated. Application of diff... more The inhibition of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) by glutamic acid was investigated. Application of different concentrations of glutamic acid to mushroom solution and Ocimum basilicum L. extract showed that glutamic acid appeared to be an effective browning inhibitor. Glutamic acid showed uncompetitive inhibition for mushroom and Ocimum basilicum L. polyphenol oxidases using 4-methylcatechol as a substrate, for mushroom PPO using catechol as a substrate and for Ocimum basilicum L. polyphenol oxidase using pyrogallol as a substrate; mixed-type inhibition for mushroom polyphenol oxidase using pyrogallol as a substrate; and non-competitive inhibition for Ocimum basilicum L. polyphenol oxidase using catechol as a substrate. Furthermore, sodium azide was used as an inhibitor for comparison with the inhibition potency of glutamic acid. It was found that glutamic acid was a more power inhibitor than sodium azide. The type of inhibition observed depended on the substrate, inhibitor and enzyme source used.
The removal of cationic dyes such as maxilon yellow 4GL (MY 4GL) and maxilon red GRL (MR GRL) on ... more The removal of cationic dyes such as maxilon yellow 4GL (MY 4GL) and maxilon red GRL (MR GRL) on kaolinite from aqueous solutions has been studied according to the adsorption method. The adsorbed amount of dyes on kaolinite surface was investigated as a function of pH, ionic strength, temperature, acid activation, and calcination temperature. It was found that: (i) the adsorbed amount of cationic dyes increased with increase in pH and decreased with increase in temperature, ionic strength, acid activation, and calcination temperature; (ii) the adsorption process was an exothermic process; (iii) the experimental data were correlated reasonably well by the adsorption isotherm of the Langmuir; and (iv) the interactions between adsorbate and adsorbent from adsorption heat data were physical in nature.
Batch sorption experiments were carried out to remove the cationic dyes, methyl violet (MV) and m... more Batch sorption experiments were carried out to remove the cationic dyes, methyl violet (MV) and methylene blue (MB), from its aqueous solutions using sepiolite as an adsorbent. Operating variables studied were pH, ionic strength and temperature. Adsorption process was attained to the equilibrium within 3 h. The adsorbed amount of MV and MB dyes on sepiolite increased with increasing pH, ionic strength and temperature. The experimental data were analysed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and found that the isotherm data were reasonably well correlated by Langmuir isotherm. Furthermore, for the removal of MV and MB dyes, a batch reactor was designed. Adsorption measurements showed that the process was very fast and physical in nature.
The sorption of Cr(III) from aqueous solutions on kaolinite has been studied by a batch technique... more The sorption of Cr(III) from aqueous solutions on kaolinite has been studied by a batch technique. We have investigated how solution pH, ionic strength and temperature affect this process. The adsorbed amount of chromium ions on kaolinite has increased with increasing pH and temperature when it has decreased with increasing ionic strength. The sorption of Cr(III) on kaolinite is endothermic process in nature. Sorption data have been interpreted in terms of Freundlich and Langmuir equations. The adsorption isotherm was measured experimentally at different conditions, and the experimental data were correlated reasonably well by the adsorption isotherm of the Langmuir, and the isotherm parameters (qm and K) have been calculated as well. The enthalpy change for chromium adsorption has been estimated as 7.0 kJ mol−1. The order of enthalpy of adsorption corresponds to a physical reaction.
as a catalyst in chemical reactions an abrasive; and as an Electrokinetic properties of expanded ... more as a catalyst in chemical reactions an abrasive; and as an Electrokinetic properties of expanded and unexpanded perlite agent in mixtures for oil well cementing (1).
Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) from Rosmarinus officinalis L. was fractionated by ammonium sulfate ((NH4... more Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) from Rosmarinus officinalis L. was fractionated by ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) precipitation and dialysis, and then some of its kinetic properties such as optimum pH and temperature, substrate specificity, thermal inactivation, and inhibition were investigated using 4-methylcatechol, catechol, and pyrogallol as substrates. The protein content of Rosmarinus officinalis L. extracts was determined according to Bradford’s method. Kinetic parameters, K m and V max, were calculated from Lineweaver–Burk plots. According to V max/K m ratio, 4-methylcatechol was the most suitable substrate. The optimum temperature and pH values were 20, 30 and 30 °C, and 7, 8 and 8 for 4-methylcatechol, catechol, and pyrogallol substrates, respectively. The thermal inactivation of PPO was investigated at 35, 55, and 75 °C. The enzyme activity decreased with increasing temperature. The effect of different inhibitors on partly purified Rosmarinus officinalis L. PPO was spectrophotometrically investigated. For this purpose, ascorbic acid and l-cysteine were used to inhibit the activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. PPO at different concentrations. From the experimental results, it was found that l-cysteine is a more effective inhibitor than ascorbic acid due to lower K i values.
The use of perlite for the removal of methyl violet from aqueous solutions at different concentra... more The use of perlite for the removal of methyl violet from aqueous solutions at different concentration, pH, and temperature has been investigated. Adsorption equilibrium is reached within 1 h. The capacity of perlite samples for the adsorption of methyl violet was found to increase with increasing pH and temperature and decrease with expansion and increasing acid-activation. The adsorption isotherms are described by means of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption isotherm was measured experimentally at different conditions and the experimental data were correlated reasonably well by the adsorption isotherm of Langmuir. The order of heat of adsorption corresponds to a physical reaction. It is concluded that the methyl violet is physically adsorbed onto the perlite. The removal efficiency (P) and dimensionless separation factor (R) have shown that perlite can be used for removal of methyl violet from aqueous solutions, but unexpanded perlite is more effective.
The kinetics and mechanism of methylene blue adsorption on perlite have been studied. The effects... more The kinetics and mechanism of methylene blue adsorption on perlite have been studied. The effects of various experimental parameters, such as initial dye concentration, temperature and pH on the adsorption rate were investigated. Adsorption measurements show that the process is very fast and physical in nature. The extent of the dye removal increased with increase in the initial concentration of the dye and the initial pH and temperature of solution. Adsorption data were modelled using the first and second-order kinetic equations, mass transfer and intra-particle diffusion models. It was shown that the second-order kinetic equation could best describe the sorption kinetics. The diffusion coefficient, D, was found to increase when the initial dye concentration, pH and temperature were raised. Thermodynamic activation parameters, such as ΔG∗, ΔS∗ and ΔH∗, were calculated.
Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutionsonto unexpanded and expanded perlite samples a... more Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutionsonto unexpanded and expanded perlite samples activatedby H2SO4 and NaCl solutions has beeninvestigated, to assess the possibility of usingperlite for removing cationic dyes from aqueoussolutions. The effects of pH and temperature of dyesolution on the adsorption capacities have beenevaluated. The experimental data were correlatedreasonably well by the Langmuir adsorption isothermand the isotherm parameters (Q m and K) have beencalculated. The removal efficiency (P) anddimensionless separation factor (R) have shown thatperlite can be used for removal of methylene blue fromaqueous solutions, but unexpanded perlite is more effective.
This study examines adsorption kinetics and activation parameters of methyl violet on perlite. Th... more This study examines adsorption kinetics and activation parameters of methyl violet on perlite. The effect of process parameters like contact time, concentration of dye, temperature and pH on the extent of methyl violet adsorption from solution has been investigated. Results of the kinetic studies show that the adsorption reaction is first order with respect to dye solution concentration with activation energy of 13.2 kJ mol−1. This low activation energy value indicates that the adsorption reaction is diffusion controlled. The activation parameters using Arrhenius and Eyring equations have been calculated. Adsorption increases with increase of variables such as contact time, initial dye concentration, temperature and pH.
In Turkey cadastral and land title (LT) data has a very large spectrum of users; legal authoritie... more In Turkey cadastral and land title (LT) data has a very large spectrum of users; legal authorities, General Directorates of Land Registry and Cadastre, Highways, Foundation, Ministries of Budget, Transportation, Justice, Public Works and Settlement, Environment and Forestry, Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Culture and Internal Affairs, State Institute of Statistics, execution offices, tax offices, real estate offices, private sector, local governments, banks and owners need this data. This need is not only for updated but also for temporal data. The General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre (TKGM) carries out land registry and cadastral works in Turkey. LT data includes such information as the owner and ownership rights. Cadastral data defines the location, shape and size of a real estate. Cadastral and land title data handled by LT and Cadastral Offices which are separate state departments and depends on TKGM. Traditional LTC system enables temporal analyses. Nevertheless, in most of the cases performing an analysis may be a tedious, time consuming, and error-prone task. Nowadays, considerable work has been done to carry out temporal analyses by the means of Geographical Information Systems (GIS). However the main problem of not having a spatio-temporal data model remains. That is, the solutions provided by these work are all application-oriented. This and the fact that there had been no work for this issue in Turkey have motivated us to undertake a work on designing and developing a Temporal Geographic Information System (TGIS) which would enable temporal analyses of LTC data. The TGIS system enables temporal analyses of LTC data, fast and reliable. In this study, after determining the need for temporal analyses of LTC data, how temporal analyses are performed in the traditional system has also been examined. Finally, a TGIS, which enables quick and reliable temporal analyses of LTC data, has been developed. This paper summarizes this work and briefs the analyses, which can be performed in the system.
As known, at the present time, remote sensing technologies are being improved and year by year, b... more As known, at the present time, remote sensing technologies are being improved and year by year, by launching new satellites whose image taking configurations are improved with new techniques, images can be obtained faster with high quality. The satellites which had been launched recently for example; Quickbird, Ikonos and Orbview-3 have 1m and better resolution, continue their missions with quite success. As it is known, for a few years the computer users have been achieving information for every area just by using a computer via the GoogleEarth technology generated by America with the contribution of all other countries. GoogleEarth was improved for showing the images which are taken with remote sensing techniques, transforming to mosaic form for any area and describing the topography and cartography of this area. But, day by day, the various information has begun to be offered by Geographic Information System (GIS) integration to the GoogleEarth and the GoogleEarth has started to develop by this way. Now, the users can provide all types of information for any area after the integration of Geographic Information System to GoogleEarth. For example; they can decide their strategy which they will follow in a probable disaster (earthquake, flood etc.) or even, they can select a restaurant to eat something. In this study, Zonguldak city which is located in North-West part of Turkey is selected as the test field. The high resolution (60 cm) images of American Quickbird satellite are used as pads. Besides, 1:1000 scale digital topographic maps are used for the extraction of details like the roads and buildings with cartography and to provide the currency of the satellite images. The data which are acquired from satellite images and cartography have been integrated in each other in GIS. In GoogleEarth, the information from high resolution satellite images and cartography do not exist for Zonguldak region that's why the results obtained from this study have been planned for the integration to the GoogleEarth in Zonguldak city. At the end of the study, the results are the high resolution satellite images and cartographic data which are in GIS environment and they are harmonious with GoogleEarth.
Documentation of the cultural heritage sites is extremely important for monitoring and preserves ... more Documentation of the cultural heritage sites is extremely important for monitoring and preserves them from natural disasters and human made activities. Due to its very rich historical background from the first human settlements in Catalhoyuk and Alacahoyuk and civilizations such as Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman, there are lots of cultural heritage sites in Turkey. 3D modeling and recording of historical buildings using modern tools and techniques in several locations of Turkey have been conducted and still continuing. The nine cultural sites in Turkey are included in the protection list of UNESCO as cultural heritage and one of them is the township of Safranbolu, which is the one of the most outstanding example of the traditional Turkish Architecture and also unique itself in terms of conservation of the human settlement in their authentic environmental motif up till now. In this study outcomes and further studies of a research project related to study area which is supported by the Turkish National Research Center (TUBITAK) with the project number 106Y157, will be presented in details. The basic aim of the study is development a GIS based information and management system for the city of Safranbolu. All historical buildings which are registered are assigned with the database. 3D modeling some of the selected building among the buildings which are registered as historical monuments using different data comes from different sources similar to their original constructions were realized and then it will be distributed via internet by a web-based information system designed during the project. Also some of the buildings were evaluated using close range photogrammetric technique to obtain their façade reliefs, were also assigned with the database. Designed database consists of 3D models, locations, historical information, cadastral and land register data of the selected buildings together with the other data collected during the project related to buildings. Using this system, all kind of spatial and non-spatial analyses were realized and different thematic maps for the historical city were produced. When the project is finalized, all the historical buildings which are consists of houses, mosques, fountains and caravansary in Safranbolu will be recorded permanently and architectural features of them will be integrated to designed spatial information system. In addition, by the help of internet, many people may be reached the data easily which will be very helpful to increase the number of visitor to the town. Also, this project will be guidance for future related studies.
As in many other countries, land register and cadastre (LRC) data has a very large spectrum of us... more As in many other countries, land register and cadastre (LRC) data has a very large spectrum of users in Turkey. Such a phrase that "many public and private organizations" can be used is LRC data. The need is not only for up-to-date but also for "temporal" data. Since the traditional LRC system has a manual archiving system, the temporal analyses needed by different users cannot be performed in a rapid and reliable way. Moving from this point on and being motivated by the fact that there has been no research work on this issue in Turkey; this research undertook designing and developing a temporal geographic information system (TGIS) for the country. In this context, the relevant agencies have been investigated first to evaluate their temporal analyses needs. Then, the temporal analyses were categorized. Finally, the TGIS was designed, developed, and tested.
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