This paper provides a detailed set of guidelines for developing operational measures for each com... more This paper provides a detailed set of guidelines for developing operational measures for each component of a destination competitiveness/sustainability model. The process suggested includes a strong consumer orientation to complement the industry-based measures that are traditionally employed.
This study aims to expand the knowledge of hedonic consumption by examining the relative influenc... more This study aims to expand the knowledge of hedonic consumption by examining the relative influence of demographic characteristics and personality on leisure choice preferences. Data were obtained from a total sample of 908 respondents from Australia who completed a questionnaire based on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. The results provide support to the contention that personality should be considered an important influence in the choice of experiential products such as leisure. The study also indicates that not all attributes of leisure are equally likely to be influenced by personality. In some cases, demographics may provide a better explanation.
Preface by Arch G. Woodside and Robert E. Pitts Theory and Research on International Joint Ventur... more Preface by Arch G. Woodside and Robert E. Pitts Theory and Research on International Joint Ventures Strategies Toward a Behavioral Theory of International Joint Ventures Strategies by Arch G. Woodside and Robert E. Pitts Reciprocal Agency: Toward a Theory of International Joint Ventures by Frank L. Winfrey and Anne L. Austin Strategic Auditing of International Joint Ventures Using a Triangulation Research Approach by Arch G. Woodside and Matthew D. Heaps Research on Key Success Factors for International Joint Ventures Strategies Key Issues in the Creation of International Joint Ventures in China by G. L. Xuan and G. Graf Joint Ventures in Hungary: Criteria for Success by Jim Hammill and Graham Hunt Parent Company Characteristics and International Joint Ventures' Success in England and the U.S.A. by Barbara Parker and Yram Zeira Assessing Success and Failure of Cross-Hemisphere International Joint Ventures Where Have the U.S.-Dutch Joint Ventures Gone? In Search of Dimensions that May Bring Down Untimely Dissolutions by Theo Roebers European Ventures in China: Characteristics and Entry Strategies by David K. Tse, Devin Y. Au, and Ilan Vertisnksy Research on International Joint Ventures Strategies in Western and Central Europe, and Russia Development of International Joint Ventures in Russia: Risks and Opportunities by Vladimir Kvint Foreign Investment and Joint Ventures in the Former Yugoslavia, 1967-1990 by Mile Jovic The Strategic Behavior of Dutch Multinational Enterprises Toward International Joint Ventures: A Multidimensional Analysis by John Bell and Pieter K. Jagersma The Evolution of Polish Joint Ventures by Stanley J. Paliwoda and Zbigniew Dobosiewicz
New Insights on Trust in Business-to-Business Relationships, 2019
Firm’s operating contexts and asymmetric perspectives of success versus failure outcomes are two ... more Firm’s operating contexts and asymmetric perspectives of success versus failure outcomes are two essential features typically absent in research on firms’ implemented strategies. The study here describes and provides examples of formal case-based models (i.e., constructing algorithms) of firms implemented strategies within several of 81 potential context (task environments) configurations – large vs small, service vs production orientation, low vs high competitive intensity, low vs high technological turbulence, and ambiguous settings for each. The study applies the tenets of complexity theory (e.g., equifinality, causal asymmetry, and single causal insufficiency). The study proposes a meso-theory and empirical testing position for solving “the crucial problem in strategic management” (Powell, Lovallo, & Fox, 2011, p. 1370) – firm heterogeneity – why firms adopt different strategies and structures, why heterogeneity persists, and why competitors perform differently. A workable solut...
This theoretical and empirical study applies complexity theory tenets to deepen understanding, ex... more This theoretical and empirical study applies complexity theory tenets to deepen understanding, explanation, and prediction of how configurations of national cultures and need motivations influence national entrepreneurial and innovation behavior and nations’ quality of life (QOL). Also, the study examines whether or not high national ethical behavior is sufficient for indicating nations high in quality of life. Applying core tenets of complexity theory, the study constructs asymmetric, case-based (nations), explanation, and predictive models of cultures’ consequences (via Schwartz’s seven value dimensions) and implicit need motivations (via McClelland’s three need motivations) indicating national entrepreneur and innovation activities and subsequent national quality of life and ethical behavior. The study includes testing configuration models empirically for predictive accuracy. The empirical examination is for a set of data for 24 nations in Asia, Europe, North and South America, a...
Improving the Marriage of Modeling and Theory for Accurate Forecasts of Outcomes, 2018
Abstract The study here responds to the view that the crucial problem in strategic management (re... more Abstract The study here responds to the view that the crucial problem in strategic management (research) is firm heterogeneity – why firms adopt different strategies and structures, why heterogeneity persists, and why competitors perform differently. The present study applies complexity theory tenets and a “neo-configurational perspective” of Misangyi et al. (2016) in proposing complex antecedent conditions affecting complex outcome conditions. Rather than examining variable directional relationships using null hypotheses statistical tests, the study examines case-based conditions using somewhat precise outcome tests (SPOT). The complex outcome conditions include firms with high financial performances in declining markets and firms with low financial performances in growing markets – the study focuses on seemingly paradoxical outcomes. The study here examines firm strategies and outcomes for separate samples of cross-sectional data of manufacturing firms with headquarters in one of two nations: Finland (n = 820) and Hungary (n = 300). The study includes examining the predictive validities of the models. The study contributes conceptual advances of complex firm orientation configurations and complex firm performance capabilities configurations as mediating conditions between firmographics, firm resources, and the two final complex outcome conditions (high performance in declining markets and low performance in growing markets). The study contributes by showing how fuzzy-logic computing with words (Zadeh, 1966) advances strategic management research toward achieving requisite variety to overcome the theory-analytic mismatch pervasive currently in the discipline (Fiss, 2007, 2011) – thus, this study is a useful step toward solving the crucial problem of how to explain firm heterogeneity.
Improving the Marriage of Modeling and Theory for Accurate Forecasts of Outcomes, 2018
Abstract This chapter elaborates on the usefulness of embracing complexity theory, modeling outco... more Abstract This chapter elaborates on the usefulness of embracing complexity theory, modeling outcomes rather than directionality, and modeling complex rather than simple outcomes in strategic management. Complexity theory includes the tenet that most antecedent conditions are neither sufficient nor necessary for the occurrence of a specific outcome. Identifying a firm by individual antecedents (i.e., noninnovative vs. highly innovative, small vs. large size in sales or number of employees, or serving local vs. international markets) provides shallow information in modeling specific outcomes (e.g., high sales growth or high profitability) – even if directional analyses (e.g., regression analysis, including structural equation modeling) indicate that the independent (main) effects of the individual antecedents relate to outcomes directionally – because firm (case) anomalies almost always occur to main effects. Examples: a number of highly innovative firms have low sales while others have high sales and a number of noninnovative firms have low sales while others have high sales. Breaking-away from the current dominant logic of directionality testing – null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) – to embrace somewhat precise outcome testing (SPOT) is necessary for extracting highly useful information about the causes of anomalies – associations opposite to expected and “statistically significant” main effects. The study of anomalies extends to identifying the occurrences of four-corner strategy outcomes: firms doing well in favorable circumstances, firms doing badly in favorable circumstances, firms doing well in unfavorable circumstances, and firms doing badly in unfavorable circumstances. Models of four-corner strategy outcomes advance strategic management beyond the current dominant logic of directional modeling of single outcomes.
International Journal of Services Technology and Management, 2021
Open innovation internet of things (OI-IoT) is in a nascent stage of development. IoT vignettes e... more Open innovation internet of things (OI-IoT) is in a nascent stage of development. IoT vignettes enable an understanding of the entrepreneurial orientation and open innovation in nurturing IoT and a...
Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 2019
Purpose This paper aims to apply complexity theory tenets to deepen understanding, explanation an... more Purpose This paper aims to apply complexity theory tenets to deepen understanding, explanation and prediction of how configurations of national cultures and need motivations influence national entrepreneurial and innovation behavior and nations’ quality-of-life (QOL). Also, the study examines whether or not high national ethical behavior is sufficient for indicating nations high in quality-of-life. Design/methodology/approach Applying core tenets of complexity theory, the study constructs asymmetric, case-based (nations), explanations and predictive models of cultures’ consequences (via Schwartz’s seven value dimensions) and implicit need motivations (via McClelland’s three need motivations) indicating national entrepreneur and innovation activities and subsequent national quality-of-life and ethical behavior. The study includes testing configurational models empirically for predictive accuracy. The empirical examination is for a set of data for 24 nations in Asia, Europe, North and...
Consumers automatically associate animals and experiences with certain brands and products. The c... more Consumers automatically associate animals and experiences with certain brands and products. The capability of surfacing the “automaticity of being” (Bargh & Chartrand, 2000) using metaphoric research tools provides a paradox—consumers tell researchers deeply held beliefs about the consequences of associating brands and products with scant editing of their thoughts; consumers may tell more about themselves through metaphors than they would otherwise be willing to share. The study here is a primer on this indirect approach for collecting consumers’ conscious and nonconscious thoughts about countries, brands, and industries. Using zoomorphic forced metaphor-elicitation, long interviews of eight Indian consumers uncover insights about their feelings about products from China, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The findings demonstrate collecting rich data using metaphors offers new perspectives on how consumers view foreign products. Findings show mental processes i...
This study provides a theory of the influences of alternative national cultures (as complex whole... more This study provides a theory of the influences of alternative national cultures (as complex wholes) on customers’ tipping behaviors following receiving of services in restaurants and taxis. Based on complexity theory tenets, the study constructs and tests models asymmetrically—offers separate models for explaining and forecasting high tipping versus low tipping national cultures. The study uses multiple sources of secondary data for 30 nations including Hofstede's first four culture values, religiosity, Gini index, and GDP_PPP. Model construction includes computing-with-words (CWW) screens that prior theory forecasts to be accurate in identifying high (low) tipping behavior. Analysis includes using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and somewhat precise outcome testing (SPOT) of the consistency (degree of accuracy) and coverage for each model. Model testing includes predictive as well as fit validation. The findings support core tenets of complexity theory (e.g.,...
This commentary offers vignettes on the introductions of the 'internet of things' (IoT) and their... more This commentary offers vignettes on the introductions of the 'internet of things' (IoT) and their impacts on revising the service-dominant (S-D) logic paradigm in marketing. Except smart phones, most consumer households are not participating now in the IoT revolutionbut most product-service radical innovations include a 20+ year low-growth start-up. Because the benefits really are enormous and the technical advances in smart devices are now rapidly improving, expect the IoT revolution to hit hard in all areas of daily life before 2025 similar to the great impacts occurring now in business-to-business applications. This study proposes substantial revisions in the S-D logic due to the upcoming takeoff stage of adopting radically new IoT innovations.
Synopsis This chapter shows how to construct and test case-based macro models. The chapter makes ... more Synopsis This chapter shows how to construct and test case-based macro models. The chapter makes use of national data to examine influences on quality-of-life of national cultures as complex wholes and entrepreneurship activities in Brazil, Russia, India, China, Germany, and the United States (the six focal nations) plus Denmark (a small-size, economically developed, nation). The study tests McClelland’s (1961) and more recent scholars’ proposition that some cultural configurations nurture entrepreneur startups, while other cultures are biased toward thwarting startups. The study applies complexity theory to develop and empirically test a general theory of cultures’, entrepreneurship’s, and innovation’s impact on quality-of-life across nations. Because culture represents a complex whole of attitudes, beliefs, values, and behavior, the study applies a set-theoretic approach to theory development and testing of alternative cultural configurations. Each of 28 economical developed and developing nations is scored for the level of the national cultures for each of six focal countries. The study selected for the study enables multi-way comparisons of culture-entrepreneurship-innovation-QOL among large- and small-sized developing and developed nations. The findings graphically present the complex national cultural configuration (x-axis) with entrepreneur nurture/thwart (y-axis) of the 28 nations compared to the six focal nations. The findings also include recognizing national cultures (e.g., Switzerland, the United States) nurturing entrepreneurial behavior versus other national cultures (e.g., Brazil and India) thwarting entrepreneurial behavior. The study concludes with a call to recognize the implicit shift in culturally implicit thinking and behavior necessary for advancing national platforms designed to successfully nurture entrepreneurship. Entrepreneur strategy implications include the observation that actions nurturing firm start-ups by nations low in entrepreneurship will unlikely to be successful without reducing such nations’ high levels of corruption.
Advances in Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 2016
Storytelling-Case Archetype Decoding and Assignment Manual (SCADAM) reviews cultural and tourism/... more Storytelling-Case Archetype Decoding and Assignment Manual (SCADAM) reviews cultural and tourism/hospitality applications of Carl Jung's work on archetypes in shaping behavior and unconscious/conscious thought. SCADAM includes a testing manual on how to use Donald T. Campbell's "degrees of freedom" (DOF) test for story-archetype assignments of what consumers and brands tell about consumption experiences of product/service brands, places, and drama/life enactments. SCADAM includes assignment testing and example scoring for each of 12 archetypes: 1. Caregiver (CA); 2. Creator (CR); 3. Everyman/woman (EV); 4. Explorer (EX); 5. Hero (HE); 6. Innocent (IN); 7. Jester (JE); 8. Lover (LO); 9. Magician (MA); 10. Ruler (RU); 11. Sage (SA); 12. Shadow (SH). SCADAM increases accuracy of researchers' interpretations of consumers' (emic) interpretations of dramas in consumption experiences; SCADAM provides for comparing DOF testing in scoring alternative archetypes. Thus, this manual provides tools for confirming relevancy and falsifying incorrect archetype assignments of stories consumers and brands tell. SCADAM builds on prior studies in the literature by the authors and colleagues.
This paper provides a detailed set of guidelines for developing operational measures for each com... more This paper provides a detailed set of guidelines for developing operational measures for each component of a destination competitiveness/sustainability model. The process suggested includes a strong consumer orientation to complement the industry-based measures that are traditionally employed.
This study aims to expand the knowledge of hedonic consumption by examining the relative influenc... more This study aims to expand the knowledge of hedonic consumption by examining the relative influence of demographic characteristics and personality on leisure choice preferences. Data were obtained from a total sample of 908 respondents from Australia who completed a questionnaire based on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. The results provide support to the contention that personality should be considered an important influence in the choice of experiential products such as leisure. The study also indicates that not all attributes of leisure are equally likely to be influenced by personality. In some cases, demographics may provide a better explanation.
Preface by Arch G. Woodside and Robert E. Pitts Theory and Research on International Joint Ventur... more Preface by Arch G. Woodside and Robert E. Pitts Theory and Research on International Joint Ventures Strategies Toward a Behavioral Theory of International Joint Ventures Strategies by Arch G. Woodside and Robert E. Pitts Reciprocal Agency: Toward a Theory of International Joint Ventures by Frank L. Winfrey and Anne L. Austin Strategic Auditing of International Joint Ventures Using a Triangulation Research Approach by Arch G. Woodside and Matthew D. Heaps Research on Key Success Factors for International Joint Ventures Strategies Key Issues in the Creation of International Joint Ventures in China by G. L. Xuan and G. Graf Joint Ventures in Hungary: Criteria for Success by Jim Hammill and Graham Hunt Parent Company Characteristics and International Joint Ventures' Success in England and the U.S.A. by Barbara Parker and Yram Zeira Assessing Success and Failure of Cross-Hemisphere International Joint Ventures Where Have the U.S.-Dutch Joint Ventures Gone? In Search of Dimensions that May Bring Down Untimely Dissolutions by Theo Roebers European Ventures in China: Characteristics and Entry Strategies by David K. Tse, Devin Y. Au, and Ilan Vertisnksy Research on International Joint Ventures Strategies in Western and Central Europe, and Russia Development of International Joint Ventures in Russia: Risks and Opportunities by Vladimir Kvint Foreign Investment and Joint Ventures in the Former Yugoslavia, 1967-1990 by Mile Jovic The Strategic Behavior of Dutch Multinational Enterprises Toward International Joint Ventures: A Multidimensional Analysis by John Bell and Pieter K. Jagersma The Evolution of Polish Joint Ventures by Stanley J. Paliwoda and Zbigniew Dobosiewicz
New Insights on Trust in Business-to-Business Relationships, 2019
Firm’s operating contexts and asymmetric perspectives of success versus failure outcomes are two ... more Firm’s operating contexts and asymmetric perspectives of success versus failure outcomes are two essential features typically absent in research on firms’ implemented strategies. The study here describes and provides examples of formal case-based models (i.e., constructing algorithms) of firms implemented strategies within several of 81 potential context (task environments) configurations – large vs small, service vs production orientation, low vs high competitive intensity, low vs high technological turbulence, and ambiguous settings for each. The study applies the tenets of complexity theory (e.g., equifinality, causal asymmetry, and single causal insufficiency). The study proposes a meso-theory and empirical testing position for solving “the crucial problem in strategic management” (Powell, Lovallo, & Fox, 2011, p. 1370) – firm heterogeneity – why firms adopt different strategies and structures, why heterogeneity persists, and why competitors perform differently. A workable solut...
This theoretical and empirical study applies complexity theory tenets to deepen understanding, ex... more This theoretical and empirical study applies complexity theory tenets to deepen understanding, explanation, and prediction of how configurations of national cultures and need motivations influence national entrepreneurial and innovation behavior and nations’ quality of life (QOL). Also, the study examines whether or not high national ethical behavior is sufficient for indicating nations high in quality of life. Applying core tenets of complexity theory, the study constructs asymmetric, case-based (nations), explanation, and predictive models of cultures’ consequences (via Schwartz’s seven value dimensions) and implicit need motivations (via McClelland’s three need motivations) indicating national entrepreneur and innovation activities and subsequent national quality of life and ethical behavior. The study includes testing configuration models empirically for predictive accuracy. The empirical examination is for a set of data for 24 nations in Asia, Europe, North and South America, a...
Improving the Marriage of Modeling and Theory for Accurate Forecasts of Outcomes, 2018
Abstract The study here responds to the view that the crucial problem in strategic management (re... more Abstract The study here responds to the view that the crucial problem in strategic management (research) is firm heterogeneity – why firms adopt different strategies and structures, why heterogeneity persists, and why competitors perform differently. The present study applies complexity theory tenets and a “neo-configurational perspective” of Misangyi et al. (2016) in proposing complex antecedent conditions affecting complex outcome conditions. Rather than examining variable directional relationships using null hypotheses statistical tests, the study examines case-based conditions using somewhat precise outcome tests (SPOT). The complex outcome conditions include firms with high financial performances in declining markets and firms with low financial performances in growing markets – the study focuses on seemingly paradoxical outcomes. The study here examines firm strategies and outcomes for separate samples of cross-sectional data of manufacturing firms with headquarters in one of two nations: Finland (n = 820) and Hungary (n = 300). The study includes examining the predictive validities of the models. The study contributes conceptual advances of complex firm orientation configurations and complex firm performance capabilities configurations as mediating conditions between firmographics, firm resources, and the two final complex outcome conditions (high performance in declining markets and low performance in growing markets). The study contributes by showing how fuzzy-logic computing with words (Zadeh, 1966) advances strategic management research toward achieving requisite variety to overcome the theory-analytic mismatch pervasive currently in the discipline (Fiss, 2007, 2011) – thus, this study is a useful step toward solving the crucial problem of how to explain firm heterogeneity.
Improving the Marriage of Modeling and Theory for Accurate Forecasts of Outcomes, 2018
Abstract This chapter elaborates on the usefulness of embracing complexity theory, modeling outco... more Abstract This chapter elaborates on the usefulness of embracing complexity theory, modeling outcomes rather than directionality, and modeling complex rather than simple outcomes in strategic management. Complexity theory includes the tenet that most antecedent conditions are neither sufficient nor necessary for the occurrence of a specific outcome. Identifying a firm by individual antecedents (i.e., noninnovative vs. highly innovative, small vs. large size in sales or number of employees, or serving local vs. international markets) provides shallow information in modeling specific outcomes (e.g., high sales growth or high profitability) – even if directional analyses (e.g., regression analysis, including structural equation modeling) indicate that the independent (main) effects of the individual antecedents relate to outcomes directionally – because firm (case) anomalies almost always occur to main effects. Examples: a number of highly innovative firms have low sales while others have high sales and a number of noninnovative firms have low sales while others have high sales. Breaking-away from the current dominant logic of directionality testing – null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) – to embrace somewhat precise outcome testing (SPOT) is necessary for extracting highly useful information about the causes of anomalies – associations opposite to expected and “statistically significant” main effects. The study of anomalies extends to identifying the occurrences of four-corner strategy outcomes: firms doing well in favorable circumstances, firms doing badly in favorable circumstances, firms doing well in unfavorable circumstances, and firms doing badly in unfavorable circumstances. Models of four-corner strategy outcomes advance strategic management beyond the current dominant logic of directional modeling of single outcomes.
International Journal of Services Technology and Management, 2021
Open innovation internet of things (OI-IoT) is in a nascent stage of development. IoT vignettes e... more Open innovation internet of things (OI-IoT) is in a nascent stage of development. IoT vignettes enable an understanding of the entrepreneurial orientation and open innovation in nurturing IoT and a...
Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 2019
Purpose This paper aims to apply complexity theory tenets to deepen understanding, explanation an... more Purpose This paper aims to apply complexity theory tenets to deepen understanding, explanation and prediction of how configurations of national cultures and need motivations influence national entrepreneurial and innovation behavior and nations’ quality-of-life (QOL). Also, the study examines whether or not high national ethical behavior is sufficient for indicating nations high in quality-of-life. Design/methodology/approach Applying core tenets of complexity theory, the study constructs asymmetric, case-based (nations), explanations and predictive models of cultures’ consequences (via Schwartz’s seven value dimensions) and implicit need motivations (via McClelland’s three need motivations) indicating national entrepreneur and innovation activities and subsequent national quality-of-life and ethical behavior. The study includes testing configurational models empirically for predictive accuracy. The empirical examination is for a set of data for 24 nations in Asia, Europe, North and...
Consumers automatically associate animals and experiences with certain brands and products. The c... more Consumers automatically associate animals and experiences with certain brands and products. The capability of surfacing the “automaticity of being” (Bargh & Chartrand, 2000) using metaphoric research tools provides a paradox—consumers tell researchers deeply held beliefs about the consequences of associating brands and products with scant editing of their thoughts; consumers may tell more about themselves through metaphors than they would otherwise be willing to share. The study here is a primer on this indirect approach for collecting consumers’ conscious and nonconscious thoughts about countries, brands, and industries. Using zoomorphic forced metaphor-elicitation, long interviews of eight Indian consumers uncover insights about their feelings about products from China, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The findings demonstrate collecting rich data using metaphors offers new perspectives on how consumers view foreign products. Findings show mental processes i...
This study provides a theory of the influences of alternative national cultures (as complex whole... more This study provides a theory of the influences of alternative national cultures (as complex wholes) on customers’ tipping behaviors following receiving of services in restaurants and taxis. Based on complexity theory tenets, the study constructs and tests models asymmetrically—offers separate models for explaining and forecasting high tipping versus low tipping national cultures. The study uses multiple sources of secondary data for 30 nations including Hofstede's first four culture values, religiosity, Gini index, and GDP_PPP. Model construction includes computing-with-words (CWW) screens that prior theory forecasts to be accurate in identifying high (low) tipping behavior. Analysis includes using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and somewhat precise outcome testing (SPOT) of the consistency (degree of accuracy) and coverage for each model. Model testing includes predictive as well as fit validation. The findings support core tenets of complexity theory (e.g.,...
This commentary offers vignettes on the introductions of the 'internet of things' (IoT) and their... more This commentary offers vignettes on the introductions of the 'internet of things' (IoT) and their impacts on revising the service-dominant (S-D) logic paradigm in marketing. Except smart phones, most consumer households are not participating now in the IoT revolutionbut most product-service radical innovations include a 20+ year low-growth start-up. Because the benefits really are enormous and the technical advances in smart devices are now rapidly improving, expect the IoT revolution to hit hard in all areas of daily life before 2025 similar to the great impacts occurring now in business-to-business applications. This study proposes substantial revisions in the S-D logic due to the upcoming takeoff stage of adopting radically new IoT innovations.
Synopsis This chapter shows how to construct and test case-based macro models. The chapter makes ... more Synopsis This chapter shows how to construct and test case-based macro models. The chapter makes use of national data to examine influences on quality-of-life of national cultures as complex wholes and entrepreneurship activities in Brazil, Russia, India, China, Germany, and the United States (the six focal nations) plus Denmark (a small-size, economically developed, nation). The study tests McClelland’s (1961) and more recent scholars’ proposition that some cultural configurations nurture entrepreneur startups, while other cultures are biased toward thwarting startups. The study applies complexity theory to develop and empirically test a general theory of cultures’, entrepreneurship’s, and innovation’s impact on quality-of-life across nations. Because culture represents a complex whole of attitudes, beliefs, values, and behavior, the study applies a set-theoretic approach to theory development and testing of alternative cultural configurations. Each of 28 economical developed and developing nations is scored for the level of the national cultures for each of six focal countries. The study selected for the study enables multi-way comparisons of culture-entrepreneurship-innovation-QOL among large- and small-sized developing and developed nations. The findings graphically present the complex national cultural configuration (x-axis) with entrepreneur nurture/thwart (y-axis) of the 28 nations compared to the six focal nations. The findings also include recognizing national cultures (e.g., Switzerland, the United States) nurturing entrepreneurial behavior versus other national cultures (e.g., Brazil and India) thwarting entrepreneurial behavior. The study concludes with a call to recognize the implicit shift in culturally implicit thinking and behavior necessary for advancing national platforms designed to successfully nurture entrepreneurship. Entrepreneur strategy implications include the observation that actions nurturing firm start-ups by nations low in entrepreneurship will unlikely to be successful without reducing such nations’ high levels of corruption.
Advances in Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 2016
Storytelling-Case Archetype Decoding and Assignment Manual (SCADAM) reviews cultural and tourism/... more Storytelling-Case Archetype Decoding and Assignment Manual (SCADAM) reviews cultural and tourism/hospitality applications of Carl Jung's work on archetypes in shaping behavior and unconscious/conscious thought. SCADAM includes a testing manual on how to use Donald T. Campbell's "degrees of freedom" (DOF) test for story-archetype assignments of what consumers and brands tell about consumption experiences of product/service brands, places, and drama/life enactments. SCADAM includes assignment testing and example scoring for each of 12 archetypes: 1. Caregiver (CA); 2. Creator (CR); 3. Everyman/woman (EV); 4. Explorer (EX); 5. Hero (HE); 6. Innocent (IN); 7. Jester (JE); 8. Lover (LO); 9. Magician (MA); 10. Ruler (RU); 11. Sage (SA); 12. Shadow (SH). SCADAM increases accuracy of researchers' interpretations of consumers' (emic) interpretations of dramas in consumption experiences; SCADAM provides for comparing DOF testing in scoring alternative archetypes. Thus, this manual provides tools for confirming relevancy and falsifying incorrect archetype assignments of stories consumers and brands tell. SCADAM builds on prior studies in the literature by the authors and colleagues.
Uploads
Papers by Arch Woodside