The world requires that people interact with those they work with, live with, and play with. Beca... more The world requires that people interact with those they work with, live with, and play with. Because of these interactions with others, it is important that people exhibit proper social skills to get along and be successful in everyday activities. Within an educational context physical education (PE) class is a prime place for students to learn social skills and interact with classmates and their teachers properly. Research has been conducted in the context of PE with populations of K–12 students and PE teachers. Yet there is a paucity of research with physical education teacher education (PETE) majors regarding social skills in PE class. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate PETE majors’ perceptions and opinions of social skills in PE. For this study, 30 PETE majors (5 males, 25 females) from a private university in the Western United States were surveyed regarding their perceptions and opinions of social skills in PE class. It was generally found that PETE majors feel they will play an important part in teaching students’ proper social skills, sportsmanship is an important aspect in PE class, and PE class is a great context in which to teach social skills compared to other content areas.
Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Apr 1, 2014
Arthritis is a disease that affects both the physical (e.g. walking, standing, and other activiti... more Arthritis is a disease that affects both the physical (e.g. walking, standing, and other activities of daily living or ADLs) and psychological (i.e. well-being, self-image, and productivity) abilities of people in all walks of life. Persons suffering from arthritis experience symptoms ranging from mild inconvenience and discomfort to complete debilitation due to joint immobility and pain caused by joint inflammation and cartilage degeneration (as in osteoarthritis). The etiology of joint inflammation may be due to factors such as, autoimmune disease or traumatic injury. Regardless of the cause, arthritis can impose severe re
Preparing future teachers is a complex endeavor, yet there are tools that help prepare preservice... more Preparing future teachers is a complex endeavor, yet there are tools that help prepare preservice teachers (PST). One tool is digital video (DV). DV provides opportunities for PST to see and hear themselves teach and make the needed corrections in their lessons and activities. This study examined the accounts of elementary education majors’ experiences with DV self-analysis and how these related to noticing skills in their teaching elementary physical education lessons. The PST benefited from noticing themselves teach and that DV is an appropriate tool in the preparation of PST.
When students attend and participate in their physical education (PE) classes, there is the hope ... more When students attend and participate in their physical education (PE) classes, there is the hope that they will learn the content and then be able to make application through their participation in class activities and games. Beca use of this, having a positive experience, for some students, will make or break their PE experience. The purpose of this study was to investigate what instructional practices made PE a positive experience for former K-12 students. Participants were surveyed in regard to their K-12 PE experiences and which instructional practices positively affected them. Generally, it was learned that the participants liked having a choice of activities, participating in competitive games, the PE teacher knowing the students, and the activities and games the students participated in. The results from this study can be beneficial to current K- 12 PE teachers and Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) majors.
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Sport and Exercise Sciences, 2017
Physical Activity Rates and Motivational Profiles of Adolescents While Keeping a Daily Leisure-Ti... more Physical Activity Rates and Motivational Profiles of Adolescents While Keeping a Daily Leisure-Time Physical Activity Record Matthew Osden Fullmer Department of Teacher Education, BYU Master of Arts The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between keeping a daily leisure-time physical activity record and adolescent (a) feelings of competence toward leisuretime physical activity, (b) motivational profiles toward leisure-time physical activity, and (c) leisure-time physical activity behaviors. Participants were 124 junior high and high school physical education (PE) students. Students completed the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire–2, the Godin Leisure–Time Exercise Questionnaire, the Perceived Competence Scale, and were assigned to keep an online leisure-time physical activity record for three weeks as part of their regular PE class. A 2 (gender) x 4 (trials) repeated measures ANCOVA was used to examine the relationships between recording compliance an...
Change in education is inevitable. Physical educators are being positioned to effectively manage ... more Change in education is inevitable. Physical educators are being positioned to effectively manage change and control their own destiny. In order to manage and facilitate positive change, physical educators should clearly embrace and accept physical education as a public health tool, understand the educational change process in schools, and know how to manage change through the strategic utilization of Professional Learning Communities. Physical educators can shape the culture of schools by increasing physical activity levels for students in physical education while facilitating physical activity opportunities for students and faculty across the school day. Given that physical education is a subsystem of the larger school system, each physical educator must understand the nature of change in schools and how to successfully influence it. Professional Learning Communities provide a structure for physical educators to take the helm by influencing positive and systemic change, shaping culture, and advocating for increased physical activity in schools. KEYWORDS Professional learning communities; change in schools; whole of school; public health Let's fix physical education! Lots of people, lots of ideas, lots of changes (some good, some bad), but unless we are fully aware of how a twenty-first century school deals with change, the likelihood of progress in any direction will be small! If the physical education profession has any hope in effectively gaining administrative support, mobilizing classroom teachers, achieving learning outcomes, satisfying student interests, reaching families and bolstering community support, it must know and operate within the existing educational structures and strictures. More than 20 years ago, Siedentop and Locke (1997) argued that physical education was in a state of gridlock and called for substantive, systemic change. Further, they warned that unless physical education teacher education (PETE) and inservice practitioners (physical educators) came together to proactively address recurring barriers, the day would come when there would not be anything left to fix. However, it would be inaccurate to assume that the physical education profession has not attempted to make sweeping changes over its 120-year history. Indeed, physical education has repeatedly faced change both superficial and fundamental, yet ongoing barriers have kept substantive, systemic, and sustainable change elusive (Bulger & Housner, 2009). External barriers represent rigid structures that reinforce the marginalization of physical education by obstructing processes leading to substantive change (Barroso, McCullum-CONTACT Zack Edward Beddoes
The purpose of this study was (a) to test a hypothesized model of motivation within the context o... more The purpose of this study was (a) to test a hypothesized model of motivation within the context of conceptual physical education (CPE), and (b) to explore the strength and directionality of perceived competence for physical activity as a possible mediator for health-related fitness knowledge (HRFK) and physical activity behaviors. High school students (N = 280) at the end of a CPE course completed the following: Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire–2, Godin Leisure–Time Exercise Questionnaire, Perceived Competence Scale, and a HRFK Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling analysis was used to explore the relationships between the variables of HRFK, perceived competence, motivation, and physical activity. The analysis resulted in a modified model that showed a relationship between perceived competence and physical activity, mediated by introjected and identified regulation. A relationship also existed between HRFK and external regulation indicating students felt control...
This study examined the eff ectiveness of an antipronation spiral stirrup (APSS) taping technique... more This study examined the eff ectiveness of an antipronation spiral stirrup (APSS) taping technique, compared with the augmented low-Dye (ALD) technique, in controlling navicular drop (ND) and producing a lateral shift in the center-of-pressure (COP) line during the stance phase of gait. Twenty college volunteers participated in a crossover design, testing 2 taping techniques across 3 conditions. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that the APSS technique produced signifi cantly less ND, compared with the ALD technique, at the pre-(P р .05) and postexercise (P р .05) conditions. The APSS technique produced signifi cantly less ND than the barefoot condition at pre-and postexercise (P Ͻ .01) conditions. A signifi cant (P р .05) lateral shift in COP was noted between 30% and 90% of the stance phase in the tape reexercise condition in the APSS technique. The APSS technique seems to be eff ective at controlling ND and preventing a medial shift of the COP during the deceleration phase of foot pronation.
Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 2014
Arthritis is a disease that affects both the physical (e.g. walking, standing, and other activiti... more Arthritis is a disease that affects both the physical (e.g. walking, standing, and other activities of daily living or ADLs) and psychological (i.e. well-being, self-image, and productivity) abilities of people in all walks of life. Persons suffering from arthritis experience symptoms ranging from mild inconvenience and discomfort to complete debilitation due to joint immobility and pain caused by joint inflammation and cartilage degeneration (as in osteoarthritis). The etiology of joint inflammation may be due to factors such as, autoimmune disease or traumatic injury. Regardless of the cause, arthritis can impose severe re
There is growing evidence that increased physical fitness and physical activity (PA) rates are po... more There is growing evidence that increased physical fitness and physical activity (PA) rates are positively associated with academic achievement. Recent efforts toward Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programs (CSPAP) include the use of PA breaks during academic learning activities. This study examined the acute and chronic effects of PA breaks (via GoNoodle) on the reading fluency of 384 elementary school children. Reading scores (words per minute, reading accuracy, and words retold) increased significantly in certain chronic and acute conditions. Findings provide additional support of the growing body of research for the use of PA for enhancing academic achievement, specifically reading fluency.
Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation, 2018
The purpose of this study was to investigate senior 50 and older adult’s knowledge of appropriate... more The purpose of this study was to investigate senior 50 and older adult’s knowledge of appropriate instructional practices (AIP) in physical education. This study is a continued line of studies assessing certain populations knowledge of AIP. Previous research has been conducted among Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) majors, parents, school administrators, elementary, middle school and high school students. For this study 372 senior adults were surveyed regarding their knowledge of AIP in PE. Surveys were distributed to the participants at the Huntsman Senior World Games. It was found that senior adults misidentified nine instructional practices from the survey. It was found that senior adults identified having winners and losers in games in PE class, students that misbehave should be punished with exercising, and playing dodge ball is OK for students to play. These instructional practices are considered inappropriate. The implications of this study reinforce that physical ...
The prevalence of physical inactivity has been recognized as a risk factor for multiple chronic d... more The prevalence of physical inactivity has been recognized as a risk factor for multiple chronic disease conditions in both adults and children. Recently efforts to increase healthy behaviors have been promoted through religious groups (Ken Resnicow et al., 2002). The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) has a unique program called Family Home Evening (FHE) that could be used to teach and potentially improve physical activity. Six FHE lessons were designed to be taught in 6 consecutive weeks within a family environment. A total of 84 families (parents and children) were recruited for participation. Participating families were randomized into either the control or intervention group. All family members were given pedometers to be worn one week prior to, and one week after the 6-week intervention. The intervention group FHE lessons covered physical activity promoting topics, and the control group was given traditional religious topics for their FHE lessons.
Distraction, Enjoyment, and Motivation During an Indoor Cycling Unit of High School Physical Educ... more Distraction, Enjoyment, and Motivation During an Indoor Cycling Unit of High School Physical Education Kelsey Higginson Department of Teacher Education, BYU Master of Arts With the increased rate of overweight and obese youth in the United States many people began looking for ways to increase youth exercise quality and habits; one such way was by using an external distraction during exercise to increase personal motives toward exercise. This study involved 81 high school aged students enrolled in a required physical education class. Students rode an indoor cycling bike for 20 minutes while wearing a heart rate monitor. They were told to maintain a heart rate between their 70 and 79% maximum heart rate. Every 5 minutes students were asked to rate how hard they thought they were working, using a modified rating of perceived exertion scale, and how much they were enjoying the activity. At the end of each day, students were asked if they would continue to cycle if given the option. The ...
Flohr and Williams (1997) emphasized the importance of assessing students' attitudes about f... more Flohr and Williams (1997) emphasized the importance of assessing students' attitudes about fitness testing as it contributes to effective, positive, and motivating physical education (PE) classes. The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify fifth and sixth ...
Parent Perception of Systemic Success in Physical Education: A Study of Advocacy in Action Rachel... more Parent Perception of Systemic Success in Physical Education: A Study of Advocacy in Action Rachel Valletta Griffiths Department of Teacher Education, BYU Master of Arts In a search to discover effective means of reversing the marginalization in the field of physical education (PE), researchers have been studying exceptional PE programs that have not only broken down the growth-impeding barriers formed by changes in education, but have also successfully and consistently prevented new program barriers from developing. One such PE program, located in the southwestern United States, has been identified in former studies as having achieved and sustained Systemic Success in Physical Education (SSPE) for over four decades. Embedded in the SSPE model that this district uses to maintain dynamic growth and program sustainability are advocacy practices required of the PE practitioners for the purpose of obtaining and upholding the necessary support needed for program stability. The purpose of ...
The world requires that people interact with those they work with, live with, and play with. Beca... more The world requires that people interact with those they work with, live with, and play with. Because of these interactions with others, it is important that people exhibit proper social skills to get along and be successful in everyday activities. Within an educational context physical education (PE) class is a prime place for students to learn social skills and interact with classmates and their teachers properly. Research has been conducted in the context of PE with populations of K–12 students and PE teachers. Yet there is a paucity of research with physical education teacher education (PETE) majors regarding social skills in PE class. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate PETE majors’ perceptions and opinions of social skills in PE. For this study, 30 PETE majors (5 males, 25 females) from a private university in the Western United States were surveyed regarding their perceptions and opinions of social skills in PE class. It was generally found that PETE majors feel they will play an important part in teaching students’ proper social skills, sportsmanship is an important aspect in PE class, and PE class is a great context in which to teach social skills compared to other content areas.
Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Apr 1, 2014
Arthritis is a disease that affects both the physical (e.g. walking, standing, and other activiti... more Arthritis is a disease that affects both the physical (e.g. walking, standing, and other activities of daily living or ADLs) and psychological (i.e. well-being, self-image, and productivity) abilities of people in all walks of life. Persons suffering from arthritis experience symptoms ranging from mild inconvenience and discomfort to complete debilitation due to joint immobility and pain caused by joint inflammation and cartilage degeneration (as in osteoarthritis). The etiology of joint inflammation may be due to factors such as, autoimmune disease or traumatic injury. Regardless of the cause, arthritis can impose severe re
Preparing future teachers is a complex endeavor, yet there are tools that help prepare preservice... more Preparing future teachers is a complex endeavor, yet there are tools that help prepare preservice teachers (PST). One tool is digital video (DV). DV provides opportunities for PST to see and hear themselves teach and make the needed corrections in their lessons and activities. This study examined the accounts of elementary education majors’ experiences with DV self-analysis and how these related to noticing skills in their teaching elementary physical education lessons. The PST benefited from noticing themselves teach and that DV is an appropriate tool in the preparation of PST.
When students attend and participate in their physical education (PE) classes, there is the hope ... more When students attend and participate in their physical education (PE) classes, there is the hope that they will learn the content and then be able to make application through their participation in class activities and games. Beca use of this, having a positive experience, for some students, will make or break their PE experience. The purpose of this study was to investigate what instructional practices made PE a positive experience for former K-12 students. Participants were surveyed in regard to their K-12 PE experiences and which instructional practices positively affected them. Generally, it was learned that the participants liked having a choice of activities, participating in competitive games, the PE teacher knowing the students, and the activities and games the students participated in. The results from this study can be beneficial to current K- 12 PE teachers and Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) majors.
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Sport and Exercise Sciences, 2017
Physical Activity Rates and Motivational Profiles of Adolescents While Keeping a Daily Leisure-Ti... more Physical Activity Rates and Motivational Profiles of Adolescents While Keeping a Daily Leisure-Time Physical Activity Record Matthew Osden Fullmer Department of Teacher Education, BYU Master of Arts The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between keeping a daily leisure-time physical activity record and adolescent (a) feelings of competence toward leisuretime physical activity, (b) motivational profiles toward leisure-time physical activity, and (c) leisure-time physical activity behaviors. Participants were 124 junior high and high school physical education (PE) students. Students completed the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire–2, the Godin Leisure–Time Exercise Questionnaire, the Perceived Competence Scale, and were assigned to keep an online leisure-time physical activity record for three weeks as part of their regular PE class. A 2 (gender) x 4 (trials) repeated measures ANCOVA was used to examine the relationships between recording compliance an...
Change in education is inevitable. Physical educators are being positioned to effectively manage ... more Change in education is inevitable. Physical educators are being positioned to effectively manage change and control their own destiny. In order to manage and facilitate positive change, physical educators should clearly embrace and accept physical education as a public health tool, understand the educational change process in schools, and know how to manage change through the strategic utilization of Professional Learning Communities. Physical educators can shape the culture of schools by increasing physical activity levels for students in physical education while facilitating physical activity opportunities for students and faculty across the school day. Given that physical education is a subsystem of the larger school system, each physical educator must understand the nature of change in schools and how to successfully influence it. Professional Learning Communities provide a structure for physical educators to take the helm by influencing positive and systemic change, shaping culture, and advocating for increased physical activity in schools. KEYWORDS Professional learning communities; change in schools; whole of school; public health Let's fix physical education! Lots of people, lots of ideas, lots of changes (some good, some bad), but unless we are fully aware of how a twenty-first century school deals with change, the likelihood of progress in any direction will be small! If the physical education profession has any hope in effectively gaining administrative support, mobilizing classroom teachers, achieving learning outcomes, satisfying student interests, reaching families and bolstering community support, it must know and operate within the existing educational structures and strictures. More than 20 years ago, Siedentop and Locke (1997) argued that physical education was in a state of gridlock and called for substantive, systemic change. Further, they warned that unless physical education teacher education (PETE) and inservice practitioners (physical educators) came together to proactively address recurring barriers, the day would come when there would not be anything left to fix. However, it would be inaccurate to assume that the physical education profession has not attempted to make sweeping changes over its 120-year history. Indeed, physical education has repeatedly faced change both superficial and fundamental, yet ongoing barriers have kept substantive, systemic, and sustainable change elusive (Bulger & Housner, 2009). External barriers represent rigid structures that reinforce the marginalization of physical education by obstructing processes leading to substantive change (Barroso, McCullum-CONTACT Zack Edward Beddoes
The purpose of this study was (a) to test a hypothesized model of motivation within the context o... more The purpose of this study was (a) to test a hypothesized model of motivation within the context of conceptual physical education (CPE), and (b) to explore the strength and directionality of perceived competence for physical activity as a possible mediator for health-related fitness knowledge (HRFK) and physical activity behaviors. High school students (N = 280) at the end of a CPE course completed the following: Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire–2, Godin Leisure–Time Exercise Questionnaire, Perceived Competence Scale, and a HRFK Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling analysis was used to explore the relationships between the variables of HRFK, perceived competence, motivation, and physical activity. The analysis resulted in a modified model that showed a relationship between perceived competence and physical activity, mediated by introjected and identified regulation. A relationship also existed between HRFK and external regulation indicating students felt control...
This study examined the eff ectiveness of an antipronation spiral stirrup (APSS) taping technique... more This study examined the eff ectiveness of an antipronation spiral stirrup (APSS) taping technique, compared with the augmented low-Dye (ALD) technique, in controlling navicular drop (ND) and producing a lateral shift in the center-of-pressure (COP) line during the stance phase of gait. Twenty college volunteers participated in a crossover design, testing 2 taping techniques across 3 conditions. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that the APSS technique produced signifi cantly less ND, compared with the ALD technique, at the pre-(P р .05) and postexercise (P р .05) conditions. The APSS technique produced signifi cantly less ND than the barefoot condition at pre-and postexercise (P Ͻ .01) conditions. A signifi cant (P р .05) lateral shift in COP was noted between 30% and 90% of the stance phase in the tape reexercise condition in the APSS technique. The APSS technique seems to be eff ective at controlling ND and preventing a medial shift of the COP during the deceleration phase of foot pronation.
Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 2014
Arthritis is a disease that affects both the physical (e.g. walking, standing, and other activiti... more Arthritis is a disease that affects both the physical (e.g. walking, standing, and other activities of daily living or ADLs) and psychological (i.e. well-being, self-image, and productivity) abilities of people in all walks of life. Persons suffering from arthritis experience symptoms ranging from mild inconvenience and discomfort to complete debilitation due to joint immobility and pain caused by joint inflammation and cartilage degeneration (as in osteoarthritis). The etiology of joint inflammation may be due to factors such as, autoimmune disease or traumatic injury. Regardless of the cause, arthritis can impose severe re
There is growing evidence that increased physical fitness and physical activity (PA) rates are po... more There is growing evidence that increased physical fitness and physical activity (PA) rates are positively associated with academic achievement. Recent efforts toward Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programs (CSPAP) include the use of PA breaks during academic learning activities. This study examined the acute and chronic effects of PA breaks (via GoNoodle) on the reading fluency of 384 elementary school children. Reading scores (words per minute, reading accuracy, and words retold) increased significantly in certain chronic and acute conditions. Findings provide additional support of the growing body of research for the use of PA for enhancing academic achievement, specifically reading fluency.
Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation, 2018
The purpose of this study was to investigate senior 50 and older adult’s knowledge of appropriate... more The purpose of this study was to investigate senior 50 and older adult’s knowledge of appropriate instructional practices (AIP) in physical education. This study is a continued line of studies assessing certain populations knowledge of AIP. Previous research has been conducted among Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) majors, parents, school administrators, elementary, middle school and high school students. For this study 372 senior adults were surveyed regarding their knowledge of AIP in PE. Surveys were distributed to the participants at the Huntsman Senior World Games. It was found that senior adults misidentified nine instructional practices from the survey. It was found that senior adults identified having winners and losers in games in PE class, students that misbehave should be punished with exercising, and playing dodge ball is OK for students to play. These instructional practices are considered inappropriate. The implications of this study reinforce that physical ...
The prevalence of physical inactivity has been recognized as a risk factor for multiple chronic d... more The prevalence of physical inactivity has been recognized as a risk factor for multiple chronic disease conditions in both adults and children. Recently efforts to increase healthy behaviors have been promoted through religious groups (Ken Resnicow et al., 2002). The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) has a unique program called Family Home Evening (FHE) that could be used to teach and potentially improve physical activity. Six FHE lessons were designed to be taught in 6 consecutive weeks within a family environment. A total of 84 families (parents and children) were recruited for participation. Participating families were randomized into either the control or intervention group. All family members were given pedometers to be worn one week prior to, and one week after the 6-week intervention. The intervention group FHE lessons covered physical activity promoting topics, and the control group was given traditional religious topics for their FHE lessons.
Distraction, Enjoyment, and Motivation During an Indoor Cycling Unit of High School Physical Educ... more Distraction, Enjoyment, and Motivation During an Indoor Cycling Unit of High School Physical Education Kelsey Higginson Department of Teacher Education, BYU Master of Arts With the increased rate of overweight and obese youth in the United States many people began looking for ways to increase youth exercise quality and habits; one such way was by using an external distraction during exercise to increase personal motives toward exercise. This study involved 81 high school aged students enrolled in a required physical education class. Students rode an indoor cycling bike for 20 minutes while wearing a heart rate monitor. They were told to maintain a heart rate between their 70 and 79% maximum heart rate. Every 5 minutes students were asked to rate how hard they thought they were working, using a modified rating of perceived exertion scale, and how much they were enjoying the activity. At the end of each day, students were asked if they would continue to cycle if given the option. The ...
Flohr and Williams (1997) emphasized the importance of assessing students' attitudes about f... more Flohr and Williams (1997) emphasized the importance of assessing students' attitudes about fitness testing as it contributes to effective, positive, and motivating physical education (PE) classes. The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify fifth and sixth ...
Parent Perception of Systemic Success in Physical Education: A Study of Advocacy in Action Rachel... more Parent Perception of Systemic Success in Physical Education: A Study of Advocacy in Action Rachel Valletta Griffiths Department of Teacher Education, BYU Master of Arts In a search to discover effective means of reversing the marginalization in the field of physical education (PE), researchers have been studying exceptional PE programs that have not only broken down the growth-impeding barriers formed by changes in education, but have also successfully and consistently prevented new program barriers from developing. One such PE program, located in the southwestern United States, has been identified in former studies as having achieved and sustained Systemic Success in Physical Education (SSPE) for over four decades. Embedded in the SSPE model that this district uses to maintain dynamic growth and program sustainability are advocacy practices required of the PE practitioners for the purpose of obtaining and upholding the necessary support needed for program stability. The purpose of ...
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