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Anne Nyvad

Aarhus Universitet, Arts, Post-Doc

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Papers by Anne Nyvad

Recent Advances in Research on Island Phenomena

Languages

In natural languages, syntactic elements can, in principle, be linked across an unbounded distanc... more In natural languages, syntactic elements can, in principle, be linked across an unbounded distance, as exemplified by filler-gap dependencies (also known as extractions or movement operations) [...]

DownloadEdit

The Island Is Still There: Experimental Evidence For The Inescapability Of Relative Clauses In English *

Studia Linguistica, 2022

Edit

Learner identity in Interlanguage Development copy

Edit

Wh-In-Situ in the Acquisition of French - A Question of Theory of Mind?

Edit

The Sign of the V: Papers in Honour of Sten Vikner

This joint article represents an attempt to clarify relations between two rather different approa... more This joint article represents an attempt to clarify relations between two rather different approaches to the description of linguistic meaning: truthconditional semantics (as represented by Peter Widell) and functional semantics (as represented by Peter Harder). The two approaches are anchored in different traditions, are based on different theoretical premises, and have different objectives. Truth-conditional semantics is based on a philosophical tradition with strong relations to logic, while functional semantics is based on a linguistic tradition with borrowings from evolutionary biology (and also from speech acts philosophy). We argue that an integrated picture that accommodates both approaches can be achieved by a mutual recognition of the different aims as well as of a central area in which the different aims give rise to compatible insights about linguistic meaning.

DownloadEdit

The Linguistic Review

The topic of this special issue is finiteness and non-finiteness in typologically diverse languag... more The topic of this special issue is finiteness and non-finiteness in typologically diverse languages. The goal is to reach a better understanding of language structure – phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics – via the phenomenon of finiteness and non-finiteness. The volume explores these topics through the lens of various theoretical approaches. The present issue contains selected papers from two seminars organized by the Fenno-Ugria Foundation and the Institute of Estonian Language, titled “Finiteness and nonfiniteness in Finno-Ugric languages. Synchronic, diachronic and cross-modular issues”. This brief introduction presents some non-finiteness related puzzles in Finno-Ugric languages that led us to seeking a wider coverage of languages, theories as well as a broader audience for the discussion. Finiteness and non-finiteness are related to many central questions in linguistic theory making in formal generative as well as functional typological theories. The data t...

Edit

Stretching the boundaries of learner identity in interlanguage development

Edit

V2 And Cp/Cp

As in \citet{NyvadEtAl2016}, we will explore a particular derivation of (embedded) V2, in terms o... more As in \citet{NyvadEtAl2016}, we will explore a particular derivation of (embedded) V2, in terms of a cP/CP-distinction, which may be seen as a version of the CP-recursion analysis (\citealt{deHaanWeerman1986,Vikner1995} and many others). The idea is that because embedded V2 clauses do not allow extraction, whereas other types of CP-recursion clauses do \citep{ChristensenEtAl2013escape,ChristensenEtAl2013processing,ChristensenNyvad2014}, CP-recursion in embedded V2 is assumed to be fundamentally different from other kinds of CP-recursion, in that main clause V2 and embedded V2 involve a CP (``big CP''), whereas other clausal projections above IP are instances of cP (``little cP'').

Edit

On the Role of Syncretism in Finiteness Marking for Verb Second in Diachrony and Acquisition

The Sign of the V: Papers in Honour of Sten Vikner, 2019

This paper explores the long-debated interaction between infl ectional morphology and syntactic v... more This paper explores the long-debated interaction between infl ectional morphology and syntactic verb movement, more specifi cally the role of morphological fi niteness marking in the presence vs. absence of V2-structures in English, Danish and French. It will be argued that the cross-linguistic variation found in these languages may be accounted for by viewing fi niteness as a feature that cuts across tense, mood and agreement, following Eide (2016). Whereas the productive morphological rule generating regular verb forms in English collapses the fi niteness distinction, this type of syncretism is not found in Danish and French, and this appears to have major consequences in diachrony, language variation and language acquisition.

DownloadEdit

A Sound Approach to Language Matters

AU Library Scholarly Publishing Services, 2019

The contributions in this Festschrift were written by Ocke’s current and former PhD-students, col... more The contributions in this Festschrift were written by Ocke’s current and former PhD-students, colleagues and research collaborators. The Festschrift is divided into six sections, moving from the smallest building blocks of language, through gradually expanding objects of linguistic inquiry to the highest levels of description - all of which have formed a part of Ocke’s career, in connection with his teaching and/or his academic productions: “Segments”, “Perception of Accent”, “Between Sounds and Graphemes”, “Prosody”, “Morphology and Syntax” and “Second Language Acquisition”. Each one of these illustrates a sound approach to language matters.

Edit

CP-recursion in Danish: A cP/CP-analysis

The Linguistic Review

Based on data from extraction, embedded V2, and complementizer stacking, this paper proposes a

DownloadEdit

No escape from the island: On extraction from complement wh-clauses in English

The Sign of the V: Papers in Honour of Sten Vikner

In theoretical syntax, English complement wh-clause are considered syntactic islands which block ... more In theoretical syntax, English complement wh-clause are considered syntactic islands which block extraction in an asymmetric way: Argument extraction is more acceptable than adjunct extraction. Though this pattern is often assumed to be universal, studies have shown that Danish (and other Mainland Scandinavian languages) may be exceptions. It has also been argued that the patterns of (un)acceptability are biased by expert intuitions. We present data from 100 native speakers of English which confi rms (i) that English complement wh-clauses are islands, (ii) that there is a (subtle) argumentadjunct asymmetry, and (iii) that this acceptability pattern is not due to participant bias. Together with earlier fi ndings on Danish, these results are compatible with an island account that relies on parametric variation in the possibility of CP-recursion. 1 We would like to thank Sten Vikner for many years of interesting discussions on comparative generative syntax, movement and islands, and on the nature of language in general. It has been our pleasure and privilege to have him fi rst as our teacher, then as our supervisor, and eventually as our colleague and friend. Many thanks to Hubert Haider for his constructive review and to the participants at the

DownloadEdit

A Sound Approach to Language Matters: In Honor of Ocke-Schwen Bohn

and Kirsten Lyshøj for her indispensable help with the typesetting and the layout of the book. La... more and Kirsten Lyshøj for her indispensable help with the typesetting and the layout of the book. Lastly, the authors and peer-reviewers of the contributions in this Festschrift deserve a special thank you.

DownloadEdit

Processeringen af sætningsknuder

Edit

Neurolingvistiske perspektiver på sammenslyngede sætninger

Edit

The Left Periphery and Agrammatism: Wh-extractions in Danish

Edit

The Left Periphery and Agrammatism

Locality, 2014

Edit

Structure before Meaning: Sentence Processing, Plausibility, and Subcategorization

PLoS ONE, 2013

Natural language processing is a fast and automatized process. A crucial part of this process is ... more Natural language processing is a fast and automatized process. A crucial part of this process is parsing, the online incremental construction of a syntactic structure. The aim of this study was to test whether a wh-filler extracted from an embedded clause is initially attached as the object of the matrix verb with subsequent reanalysis, and if so, whether the plausibility of such an attachment has an effect on reaction time. Finally, we wanted to examine whether subcategorization plays a role. We used a method called G-Maze to measure response time in a self-paced reading design. The experiments confirmed that there is early attachment of fillers to the matrix verb. When this attachment is implausible, the off-line acceptability of the whole sentence is significantly reduced. The on-line results showed that G-Maze was highly suited for this type of experiment. In accordance with our predictions, the results suggest that the parser ignores (or has no access to information about) implausibility and attaches fillers as soon as possible to the matrix verb. However, the results also show that the parser uses the subcategorization frame of the matrix verb. In short, the parser ignores semantic information and allows implausible attachments but adheres to information about which type of object a verb can take, ensuring that the parser does not make impossible attachments. We argue that the evidence supports a syntactic parser informed by syntactic cues, rather than one guided by semantic cues or one that is blind, or completely autonomous.

DownloadEdit

On the nature of escapable relative islands

Nordic Journal of Linguistics, 2014

It is generally assumed that universal island constraints block extraction from relative clauses.... more It is generally assumed that universal island constraints block extraction from relative clauses. However, it is well-known that such extractions can be acceptable in the Scandinavian languages. argue that the acceptability in Swedish is illusory; relative clauses that allow extraction have a different structure (small clause structure) from those that block extraction (true relatives, CPs). We present data from an acceptability survey of relative clause extraction in Danish. In the survey, extraction significantly decreased acceptability but we found no statistically significant effect of the ability of the verb to take a small-clause complement. We also found no difference between som 'that/who/which' and der 'that/who/which', both of which can head a relative clause while only som can head a small clause. We argue that our results do not warrant the stipulation of a structural contrast between acceptable and unacceptable extractions, and that variation in acceptability stems from processing.

DownloadEdit

(Non-)Arguments in Long-Distance Extractions

Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 2014

Previous research has shown that in fully grammatical sentences, response time increases and acce... more Previous research has shown that in fully grammatical sentences, response time increases and acceptability decreases when the filler in a long-distance extraction is incompatible with the matrix verb. This effect could potentially be due to a difference between argument and adjunct extraction. In this paper we investigate the effect of long extraction of arguments and adjuncts where incompatibility is kept constant. Based on the results from two offline surveys and an online experiment, we argue that the argument/adjunct asymmetry in terms of acceptability is due to differences in processing difficulty, but that both types of extraction involve the same intermediate attachment sites in the online processing.

DownloadEdit

Recent Advances in Research on Island Phenomena

Languages

In natural languages, syntactic elements can, in principle, be linked across an unbounded distanc... more In natural languages, syntactic elements can, in principle, be linked across an unbounded distance, as exemplified by filler-gap dependencies (also known as extractions or movement operations) [...]

DownloadEdit

The Island Is Still There: Experimental Evidence For The Inescapability Of Relative Clauses In English *

Studia Linguistica, 2022

Edit

Learner identity in Interlanguage Development copy

Edit

Wh-In-Situ in the Acquisition of French - A Question of Theory of Mind?

Edit

The Sign of the V: Papers in Honour of Sten Vikner

This joint article represents an attempt to clarify relations between two rather different approa... more This joint article represents an attempt to clarify relations between two rather different approaches to the description of linguistic meaning: truthconditional semantics (as represented by Peter Widell) and functional semantics (as represented by Peter Harder). The two approaches are anchored in different traditions, are based on different theoretical premises, and have different objectives. Truth-conditional semantics is based on a philosophical tradition with strong relations to logic, while functional semantics is based on a linguistic tradition with borrowings from evolutionary biology (and also from speech acts philosophy). We argue that an integrated picture that accommodates both approaches can be achieved by a mutual recognition of the different aims as well as of a central area in which the different aims give rise to compatible insights about linguistic meaning.

DownloadEdit

The Linguistic Review

The topic of this special issue is finiteness and non-finiteness in typologically diverse languag... more The topic of this special issue is finiteness and non-finiteness in typologically diverse languages. The goal is to reach a better understanding of language structure – phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics – via the phenomenon of finiteness and non-finiteness. The volume explores these topics through the lens of various theoretical approaches. The present issue contains selected papers from two seminars organized by the Fenno-Ugria Foundation and the Institute of Estonian Language, titled “Finiteness and nonfiniteness in Finno-Ugric languages. Synchronic, diachronic and cross-modular issues”. This brief introduction presents some non-finiteness related puzzles in Finno-Ugric languages that led us to seeking a wider coverage of languages, theories as well as a broader audience for the discussion. Finiteness and non-finiteness are related to many central questions in linguistic theory making in formal generative as well as functional typological theories. The data t...

Edit

Stretching the boundaries of learner identity in interlanguage development

Edit

V2 And Cp/Cp

As in \citet{NyvadEtAl2016}, we will explore a particular derivation of (embedded) V2, in terms o... more As in \citet{NyvadEtAl2016}, we will explore a particular derivation of (embedded) V2, in terms of a cP/CP-distinction, which may be seen as a version of the CP-recursion analysis (\citealt{deHaanWeerman1986,Vikner1995} and many others). The idea is that because embedded V2 clauses do not allow extraction, whereas other types of CP-recursion clauses do \citep{ChristensenEtAl2013escape,ChristensenEtAl2013processing,ChristensenNyvad2014}, CP-recursion in embedded V2 is assumed to be fundamentally different from other kinds of CP-recursion, in that main clause V2 and embedded V2 involve a CP (``big CP''), whereas other clausal projections above IP are instances of cP (``little cP'').

Edit

On the Role of Syncretism in Finiteness Marking for Verb Second in Diachrony and Acquisition

The Sign of the V: Papers in Honour of Sten Vikner, 2019

This paper explores the long-debated interaction between infl ectional morphology and syntactic v... more This paper explores the long-debated interaction between infl ectional morphology and syntactic verb movement, more specifi cally the role of morphological fi niteness marking in the presence vs. absence of V2-structures in English, Danish and French. It will be argued that the cross-linguistic variation found in these languages may be accounted for by viewing fi niteness as a feature that cuts across tense, mood and agreement, following Eide (2016). Whereas the productive morphological rule generating regular verb forms in English collapses the fi niteness distinction, this type of syncretism is not found in Danish and French, and this appears to have major consequences in diachrony, language variation and language acquisition.

DownloadEdit

A Sound Approach to Language Matters

AU Library Scholarly Publishing Services, 2019

The contributions in this Festschrift were written by Ocke’s current and former PhD-students, col... more The contributions in this Festschrift were written by Ocke’s current and former PhD-students, colleagues and research collaborators. The Festschrift is divided into six sections, moving from the smallest building blocks of language, through gradually expanding objects of linguistic inquiry to the highest levels of description - all of which have formed a part of Ocke’s career, in connection with his teaching and/or his academic productions: “Segments”, “Perception of Accent”, “Between Sounds and Graphemes”, “Prosody”, “Morphology and Syntax” and “Second Language Acquisition”. Each one of these illustrates a sound approach to language matters.

Edit

CP-recursion in Danish: A cP/CP-analysis

The Linguistic Review

Based on data from extraction, embedded V2, and complementizer stacking, this paper proposes a

DownloadEdit

No escape from the island: On extraction from complement wh-clauses in English

The Sign of the V: Papers in Honour of Sten Vikner

In theoretical syntax, English complement wh-clause are considered syntactic islands which block ... more In theoretical syntax, English complement wh-clause are considered syntactic islands which block extraction in an asymmetric way: Argument extraction is more acceptable than adjunct extraction. Though this pattern is often assumed to be universal, studies have shown that Danish (and other Mainland Scandinavian languages) may be exceptions. It has also been argued that the patterns of (un)acceptability are biased by expert intuitions. We present data from 100 native speakers of English which confi rms (i) that English complement wh-clauses are islands, (ii) that there is a (subtle) argumentadjunct asymmetry, and (iii) that this acceptability pattern is not due to participant bias. Together with earlier fi ndings on Danish, these results are compatible with an island account that relies on parametric variation in the possibility of CP-recursion. 1 We would like to thank Sten Vikner for many years of interesting discussions on comparative generative syntax, movement and islands, and on the nature of language in general. It has been our pleasure and privilege to have him fi rst as our teacher, then as our supervisor, and eventually as our colleague and friend. Many thanks to Hubert Haider for his constructive review and to the participants at the

DownloadEdit

A Sound Approach to Language Matters: In Honor of Ocke-Schwen Bohn

and Kirsten Lyshøj for her indispensable help with the typesetting and the layout of the book. La... more and Kirsten Lyshøj for her indispensable help with the typesetting and the layout of the book. Lastly, the authors and peer-reviewers of the contributions in this Festschrift deserve a special thank you.

DownloadEdit

Processeringen af sætningsknuder

Edit

Neurolingvistiske perspektiver på sammenslyngede sætninger

Edit

The Left Periphery and Agrammatism: Wh-extractions in Danish

Edit

The Left Periphery and Agrammatism

Locality, 2014

Edit

Structure before Meaning: Sentence Processing, Plausibility, and Subcategorization

PLoS ONE, 2013

Natural language processing is a fast and automatized process. A crucial part of this process is ... more Natural language processing is a fast and automatized process. A crucial part of this process is parsing, the online incremental construction of a syntactic structure. The aim of this study was to test whether a wh-filler extracted from an embedded clause is initially attached as the object of the matrix verb with subsequent reanalysis, and if so, whether the plausibility of such an attachment has an effect on reaction time. Finally, we wanted to examine whether subcategorization plays a role. We used a method called G-Maze to measure response time in a self-paced reading design. The experiments confirmed that there is early attachment of fillers to the matrix verb. When this attachment is implausible, the off-line acceptability of the whole sentence is significantly reduced. The on-line results showed that G-Maze was highly suited for this type of experiment. In accordance with our predictions, the results suggest that the parser ignores (or has no access to information about) implausibility and attaches fillers as soon as possible to the matrix verb. However, the results also show that the parser uses the subcategorization frame of the matrix verb. In short, the parser ignores semantic information and allows implausible attachments but adheres to information about which type of object a verb can take, ensuring that the parser does not make impossible attachments. We argue that the evidence supports a syntactic parser informed by syntactic cues, rather than one guided by semantic cues or one that is blind, or completely autonomous.

DownloadEdit

On the nature of escapable relative islands

Nordic Journal of Linguistics, 2014

It is generally assumed that universal island constraints block extraction from relative clauses.... more It is generally assumed that universal island constraints block extraction from relative clauses. However, it is well-known that such extractions can be acceptable in the Scandinavian languages. argue that the acceptability in Swedish is illusory; relative clauses that allow extraction have a different structure (small clause structure) from those that block extraction (true relatives, CPs). We present data from an acceptability survey of relative clause extraction in Danish. In the survey, extraction significantly decreased acceptability but we found no statistically significant effect of the ability of the verb to take a small-clause complement. We also found no difference between som 'that/who/which' and der 'that/who/which', both of which can head a relative clause while only som can head a small clause. We argue that our results do not warrant the stipulation of a structural contrast between acceptable and unacceptable extractions, and that variation in acceptability stems from processing.

DownloadEdit

(Non-)Arguments in Long-Distance Extractions

Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 2014

Previous research has shown that in fully grammatical sentences, response time increases and acce... more Previous research has shown that in fully grammatical sentences, response time increases and acceptability decreases when the filler in a long-distance extraction is incompatible with the matrix verb. This effect could potentially be due to a difference between argument and adjunct extraction. In this paper we investigate the effect of long extraction of arguments and adjuncts where incompatibility is kept constant. Based on the results from two offline surveys and an online experiment, we argue that the argument/adjunct asymmetry in terms of acceptability is due to differences in processing difficulty, but that both types of extraction involve the same intermediate attachment sites in the online processing.

DownloadEdit

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