Bartelsman, Erik J. and Mark Doms (2000): Understanding Productivity: Lessons from Longitudinal Micro Data. Journal of Economic Literature 38 (3), 569-594.
Bernard, Andrew B. and Joachim Wagner (1997): Exports and Success in German Manufacturing. Review of World Economics 133 (1), 134-157.
Bernard, Andrew B., J. Bradford Jensen, Stephen J. Redding and Peter K. Schott (2012): The Empirics of Firm Heterogeneity and International Trade. Annual Review of Economics 4, 283-313.
Foster, Lucia, John Haltiwanger and Chad Syverson (2008): Reallocation, Firm Turnover, and Efficiency: Selection on Productivity or Profitability? American Economic Review 98 (1), 394-425.
Greenaway, David and Richard Kneller (2007): Firm Heterogeneity, Exporting and Foreign Direct Investment. Economic Journal 117 (February), F134-F161. 13
Hallak, Juan Carlos and Jagadeesh Sivadasan (2010): Firms’ exporting behavior under quality constraints. Working Paper 99, Universidad de San Andres, Departomento de Economia.
Helpman, Elhanan (2006): Trade, FDI, and the Organization of Firms. Journal of Economic Literature 44 (3), 589-630.
Helpman, Elhanan (2011): Understanding Global Trade. Cambridge, MA and London, England: Harvard University Press.
- Krugman, Paul R., Maurice Obstfeld and Marc J. Melitz (2012): International Economics, Theory and Policy. Ninth Edition. Boston etc.: Pearson.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Malchin, Anja and Ramona Voshage (2009): Official Firm Data for Germany. Schmollers Jahrbuch / Journal of Applied Social Science Studies 129 (3), 501513.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Melitz, Marc J. (2003): The Impact of Trade on Intra-Industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity. Econometrica 71 (6), 1695-1725.
Melitz, Marc J. and Stephen Redding (2012): Heterogeneous Firms and Trade. NBER Working Paper Series 18652 (forthcoming, Handbook of International Economics, Vol. 4).
Powell, David and Joachim Wagner (2011): The Exporter Productivity Premium along the Productivity Distribution. Evidence from Unconditional Quantile Regression with Firm Fixed Effects. RAND Working Paper WR-837.
Redding, Stephen J. (2011): Theories of Heterogeneous Firms and Trade. Annual Review of Economics 3, 77-105.
Syverson, Chad (2011): What determines productivity? Journal of Economic Literature 49 (2), 326-365. 14
- Table 1: Productivity distribution of exporters and non-exporters in manufacturing industries in Germany, 2009 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Mean Std.Dev. p1 p25 p50 p75 p99 West Germany Exporters (N = 22,286) 105.60 85.13 19.25 61.48 87.23 126.01 384.58 Non-Exporters (N = 8,380) 86.45 105.70 7.09 44.98 66.13 101.35 353.04 East Germany Exporters (N = 3,974) 109.76 113.55 14.54 59.41 88.06 131.02 454.71 Non-Exporters (N = 2,893) 87.56 82.67 10.34 49.27 69.60 104.77 341.91 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Note: Productivity is total sales / employees, measured as a percentage of the average value of the 4-digit level industry. Columns labeled p1 – p99 refer to percentiles of the productivity distribution. 16
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Table 2: Share of exporters and non-exporters in the deciles of the productivity distribution in manufacturing enterprises in Germany, 2009 ___________________________________________________________________ West Germany East Germany Exporters (%) Non-exporters (%) Exporters (%) Non-exporters (%) Deciles 1 49.85 50.15 48.79 51.21 2 59.94 40.06 46.01 53.99 3 67.71 32.29 48.12 51.88 4 70.86 29.14 49.78 50.22 5 76.90 23.10 56.81 43.19 6 78.49 21.51 61.10 38.90 7 81.35 18.65 63.62 36.38 8 81.25 18.75 62.99 37.01 9 80.86 19.14 69.42 30.58 10 78.68 21.32 71.70 28.30 ___________________________________________________________________ Note: Productivity is total sales / employees, measured as a percentage of the average value of the 4-digit level industry. 17
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Table 3: Share of exports in total sales for exporting manufacturing enterprises in the deciles of the productivity distribution in Germany, 2009 ___________________________________________________________________ West Germany East Germany Mean p1 p99 Mean p1 p99 Deciles 1 23.22 0.04 97.77 24.35 0.02 100.0 2 23.47 0.06 90.83 19.47 0.02 87.27 3 24.66 0.05 92.37 18.76 0.03 92.00 4 25.47 0.06 88.42 20.31 0.06 95.74 5 26.74 0.04 91.83 20.58 0.07 80.96 6 28.53 0.07 91.28 22.11 0.02 93.53 7 30.69 0.07 94.52 22.88 0.03 93.01 8 32.72 0.06 94.04 23.87 0.03 89.11 9 35.73 0.13 94.19 28.56 0.03 99.42 10 38.37 0.06 98.65 34.41 0.01 99.99 ___________________________________________________________________ Note: Productivity is total sales / employees, measured as a percentage of the average value of the 4-digit level industry. Columns labeled p1 and p99 refer to percentiles of the distribution of the share of exports in total sales 18
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Table 4: Share of continuous exporters over the period 2008 – 2010 in all exporting firms in the deciles of the productivity distribution in manufacturing industries in Germany ___________________________________________________________________ West Germany East Germany Deciles (% of firms) 1 79.89 79.44 2 84.96 80.14 3 88.55 84.12 4 90.66 86.67 5 91.83 87.03 6 90.56 86.51 7 92.34 86.84 8 92.26 88.12 9 92.24 88.84 10 92.73 90.43 ___________________________________________________________________ Note: Productivity is total sales / employees in 2009, measured as a percentage of the average value of the 4-digit level industry. The entries in the table are the percentage shares of firms that exported in each year between 2008 and 2010 in all firms that exported in at least one year between 2008 and 2010. 19
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Table 7: Share of exporting manufacturing enterprises with one good exported to one country in the deciles of the productivity distribution in Germany, 2009 ___________________________________________________________________ West Germany East Germany Deciles (share of firms; %) 1 10.85 15.63 2 7.51 14.58 3 5.60 12.70 4 5.99 9.33 5 4.43 7.41 6 4.49 5.15 7 2.95 6.74 8 4.23 5.15 9 2.28 4.15 10 1.76 3.65 ___________________________________________________________________ Note: Productivity is total sales / employees, measured as a percentage of the average value of the 4-digit level industry. The entries in the table are the shares of firms in all exporting firms from a decile of the productivity distribution that export one good to one country only.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Wagner, Joachim (2007a): Exports and Productivity: A Survey of the Evidence from Firm Level Data. The World Economy 30 (1), 60-82.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Wagner, Joachim (2007b): Exports and Productivity in Germany. Applied Economics Quarterly 53 (4), 354-373.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Wagner, Joachim (2008): A note why more West than East German firms export. International Economics and Economic Policy 5 (4), 363-370.
- Wagner, Joachim (2012a): International trade and firm performance: a survey of empirical studies since 2006. Review of World Economics 148 (2), 235-267.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Wagner, Joachim (2012b): Trading many goods with many countries: Exporters and importers from German manufacturing industries. Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftswissenschaft / Review of Economics 63 (2), 170-186.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Wagner, Joachim (2012c): Productivity and the extensive margins of trade in German manufacturing firms: Evidence from a non-parametric test. Economics Bulletin 32 (4), 3061-3070. 15
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now