Papers by Jean-Luc Probst
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Oct 1, 2016
The transport and yield of suspended sediment (SS) in catchments all over the world have long bee... more The transport and yield of suspended sediment (SS) in catchments all over the world have long been tapies of great interest. This paper addresses the scarcity of information on SS delivery and its environmental contrais in small catchments, especially in the Atlantic region. Five steep catchments in Gipuzkoa (Basque Country) with areas between 56 and 796 km 2 that drain into the Bay of Biscay were continuously monitored for precipitation, discharge and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in their outlets from 2006 to 2013. Environmental characteristics such as elevation, slope, land-use, soil depth and erodibility of the lithology were also calculated. The analysis included consideration of uncertainties in the SSC calibration models in the final suspended sediment yield (SSY) estimations. The total delivery of sediments from the catchments into the Bay of Biscay and its standard deviation was 272 200 ±38 107tyr.-1 , or 151 ±21 tkm-2 yr.-1 , and the SSYs ranged from 46± 0.48 to 217±106tkm-2 yr.-1 • Hydroclimatic variables and catchment areas do not explain the spatial variability found in SSY, whereas land-use (especially non-native plantations) and management (human impacts) appear to be the main factors that contrai this variability. Obtaining long-term measurements on sediment delivery would allow for the effects of environmental and human induced changes on SS fluxes to be better detected. However, the data provided in this paper offer valuable and quantitative information that will enable decision-makers to make more informed decisions on land management while considering the effects of the delivery of SS. Copyright© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Revista Brasileira de Geociências, Sep 1, 2010
Fluxes of the particulate heavy metals like chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni),... more Fluxes of the particulate heavy metals like chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) were determined along the Piracicaba River basin. Suspended sediments from the main channel and tributaries were sampled during January 2005 (high water period) and analyzed for total concentrations after extraction by alkaline fusion procedure. The average concentrations showed a significant increase pattern from upstream to downstream for Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu and Pb, except for Co, in which only a small variation was noted. The specific fluxes of Zn, Cr and Ni were slightly higher (79.9, 33.3 and 20 kg km-2 yr-1 , respectively) in comparison to other industrialized regions in Asia, Europe, North and South America. Significative correlations between organic matter and Cr, Cu and Co, observed in the suspended sediments along the Piracicaba River basin, revealed that heavy metals were adsorbed or complexed by the organic matter, while Ni and Pb were significatively correlated with Fe oxide. The geo-accumulation index (I geo) used to evaluate the pollution degree of the Piracicaba River sediments, revealed a medium to strong pollution for Zn in the entire basin and moderate pollution for Cr and Ni at downstream direction around an important area covered by sugar cane plantations and urban areas influenced by domestic sewage.
Water, Jun 23, 2021
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Le climat d'une région ou d'un bassin versant est généralement d é h i par les valeurs moyennes d... more Le climat d'une région ou d'un bassin versant est généralement d é h i par les valeurs moyennes d'un ensemble de paramètres hydroclimatiques : température, humidité relative de l'air, pression atmosphérique, pluviosité, écoulement, dé-ficit d'écoulement, etc.
Ecological Indicators, Mar 1, 2020
Long and short-term trends of stream hydrochemistry and high frequency surveys as indicators of t... more Long and short-term trends of stream hydrochemistry and high frequency surveys as indicators of the influence of climate change, agricultural practices and internal processes (Aurade agricultural catchment,
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Oct 5, 2021
CRC Press LLC eBooks, Dec 1, 2005
ABSTRACT
The recent and forthcoming availability of high resolution satellite image series offers new oppo... more The recent and forthcoming availability of high resolution satellite image series offers new opportunities in agro-hydrological research and modeling. We investigated the perspective offered by improving the crop growth dynamic simulation using the distributed agro-hydrological model, Topography based Nitrogen transfer and Transforma-HESSD 11, 7689-7732, 2014 Agro-hydrology and multi temporal high resolution remote sensing S. Ferrant et al.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Aug 1, 2006
Journal of Environmental Management, Oct 1, 2022
In agricultural headwater catchments, wetlands such as ponds are numerous and well known to partl... more In agricultural headwater catchments, wetlands such as ponds are numerous and well known to partly dissipate contamination. Most of the pesticides are transferred from soils to the aquatic environment during flood events. This study reports the annual/seasonal behaviour of 6 pesticides (metolachlor, boscalid, epoxiconazole, tebuconazole, aclonifen and pendimethalin) in such an environment. Because it is rarely considered, the study focussed on the high frequency of the distribution of pesticides between dissolved and particulate phases, as well as the main controlling factors of their upstreamdownstream transfer. The pond removal rate was calculated to evaluate the wetland efficiency in pesticide mitigation. We conducted a one-year high frequency hydrochemical survey, with particular emphasis on flood events, in the upper Auradé catchment (SW-France), an area of long-term conventional agriculture on highly erosive carbonated soils. The inlet and outlet of the pond were instrumented for water level measurements and water sampling.
Geomorphologie-relief Processus Environnement, Jul 30, 2017
Bravard J.-P. (1989)-La métamorphose des rivières des Alpes françaises à la fin du Moyen-Age et à... more Bravard J.-P. (1989)-La métamorphose des rivières des Alpes françaises à la fin du Moyen-Age et à l'Epoque Moderne.
Tellus B, 1999
Atmospheric CO 2 is consumed both by organic matter formation and chemical rock weathering, and s... more Atmospheric CO 2 is consumed both by organic matter formation and chemical rock weathering, and subsequently discharged as dissolved organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, and dissolved inorganic carbon to the oceans by rivers. In the long term, varying the ratio of the amount of atmospheric CO 2 consumed by continental erosion and the amount of CO 2 released during carbonate precipitation and organic matter respiration in the oceans can change the CO 2 content in the atmosphere. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether riverine organic carbon fluxes during the last glacial maximum (LGM) may have been different from today in order to assess the potential impact on atmospheric CO 2. Previous studies mainly focused on the role of the river fluxes of inorganic carbon in this respect, but none of them examined possible variations in the fluxes of organic carbon, although the erosion of organic carbon actually represents the bulk of the atmospheric CO 2 consumption by continental erosion. We therefore applied a global carbon erosion model to a LGM scenario in order to determine the riverine fluxes of organic matter during that time. The climatic conditions during the LGM were reconstructed using a computer simulation with a general circulation model. It is found that during the LGM the riverine organic carbon input into the oceans was at least~10% lower than today. Most of the reduction of the total organic matter fluxes is due to the reduction of the fluxes of dissolved organic carbon. The fluxes of particulate organic carbon remained almost unchanged. The oceanic response to the lower carbon input was estimated on the basis of a present-day steady state budget for organic river carbon in the oceans, and implies that the reduction of the river fluxes were more than counterbalanced by lower burial rates due to the smaller shelf area during the LGM. This suggests that both the lower river carbon input and the relatively greater share of this carbon being subjected to oceanic respiration, acted as a negative feedback to the low atmospheric CO 2 content during the LGM.
Springer eBooks, 1999
The increase and dispersion in aquatic systems of mercury, which is not very abundant in the glob... more The increase and dispersion in aquatic systems of mercury, which is not very abundant in the global environment, are mainly due to the industrial development and intensification of human activities (halogen chemicals, dental and pharmaceutic industries, agriculture, gold mining, etc.). In the Alsace region (northeastern France), the Ill river and one of its tributaries, the Thur, are the most polluted because of industrial wastewaters from the chlorine and soda industry which uses mercury as a cathode in electrolysis.
Hydrological Sciences Journal-journal Des Sciences Hydrologiques, Jun 1, 1988
ABSTRACT
Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série 2, Mécanique, Physique, Chimie, Sciences de l'univers, Sciences de la Terre, 1990
Mesure du dépôt au sol des aérosols désertiques. Une méthode simple de prklèvement : le capteur p... more Mesure du dépôt au sol des aérosols désertiques. Une méthode simple de prklèvement : le capteur pyramidal Didier ORANGE, Jean-Yves GAC, Jean-Luc PROBST et Didier TANRE Résumé-Une simple cuve pyramidale de plexiglass permet de mesurer le dépôt d'aérosols B I'échelle rkgionale. Ce capteur pyramidal donne une meilleure estimation du dépòt de poussières au sol que les dispositifs aspirants classiques souvent colmatés dans ces zones arides, oli les concentrations en aérosols peuvent être importantes. La hauteur annuelle des dépòts éoliens sur le Cap-Vert est estimée à 70 pm/an. Measurements of Saharan dust deposition. A simple sampling technique: the pyramidal collecting system Abstract-The collecting system is presented. It is a simple pyramidal receptacle which recorh Saharan dust deposition at regional scales on a daily basis. Where as the common air-filter sampling system is itsually filled-up due to very high aerosol concentraiions, our system is proged to be efficient whatever the conditions. The annual thickness of Saharan dust layer over the whole Cape Verde area is estimated at 70 p. y-'. Abridged English Version-The different sampling methods of atmospheric dust can be classified in two groups according to the two major fields of interest, meteorology and geology. When the meteorologists are concerned with the atmospheric concentration expressed in pg.m-3, the geologists and the pedologists are concerned with deposition on the ground expressed in mg.m-2. In this paper, we firstly present the new collecting system to measure the deposition and then compare our results with a classical air filtration technique. The system is a simple pyramidal receptacle of 40 cm of depth and O. 25 cm2 of collecting surface. It is located at 5 m above the ground and delivers deposited dust into a collecting bottle when daily washed with distilled water. The samples are hence filtered on O. 45 pm pore-size Millipore filters, dried up at 70°C and weighted. This method allows a sampling of only ;he non-dissolved matter. The dissolved fraction could be obviously analyzed from the filtrate. Daily measurements of dust deposition were performed in Dakar (Senegal) from 1984 to 1989 and in Mbour, 80 km southwards on the Atlantic coast, from 1986 to 1987. These two stations were located in ORSTOM centers but only the second one performed air filtration measurements from January to May 1986. The two joined data sets are reported in Figure 1 for the five months. The behaviours seem quite similar except some peaks noted by our instrument that the classical ones did not record because of filling-up owing to such high concentrations. By assuming a mean fluid transfer rate of 2 cm. s-', the total deposition for the five months is estimated equal to 2642~38 mg.mb2 from the air filter measurements when the pyramidal collecting system gives 285 2~ 29 mg. m-2. A linear relation between the 120 available observations gives a regression coefficient equal to 1 .O6 and a correlation coefficient of O. 79 which is quite significant. Neither technique takes into account the possible remobilization by the wind and consequently the deposition on the ground is overestimated. Measurements of daily deposition during the 1986 rainy season and the 1987 dry season are reported in Figure 2 for the two sites. The general good agreement confirms the regional Note présentée par Georges MILLOT. 0764-440/90/03110167 f 2.00 O Académie des Sciences Serie II-12
Research Square (Research Square), Jun 15, 2021
Here, we simulate carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration in 300 major world river basins (about 70% o... more Here, we simulate carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration in 300 major world river basins (about 70% of global surface area) through carbonates dissolution and silicate hydrolysis. For each river basin, the daily timescale impacts under both the RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 climate scenarios were assessed relative to a historic baseline (1969-1999) using a cascade of models accounting for the hydrological evolution under climate change scenarios. Here we show that global temporal evolution of the CO2 uptake presents a general increase in the annual amount of CO2 consumed from 0.247 Pg C•y-1 to 0.261 and 0.273 Pg C•y-1, respectively for RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5. Besides, despite showing a general increase for the global daily carbon sequestration, both climate scenarios present a decrease between June and August. Such projected changes have been mapped and evaluated against changes in hydrology, identifying hot spots and moments for the annual and seasonal periods.
Journal of Hydrology, Feb 1, 1985
Nitrogen balance was determined in two basins of the southwest of France: the Garonne (52,000kin ... more Nitrogen balance was determined in two basins of the southwest of France: the Garonne (52,000kin 2) and one of its tributaries, the Girou (520km2). Phosphorus balance was estimated only in the Girou watershed. Monthly water samples were collected in the period 1971-1981 by the Agence Financi6re de Bassin Adour-Garonne from the rivers Garonne and Girou. Additional water samples were collected during the hydrological year 1980/1981 with a frequency of two samples a week. The discharge-concentration relationships and the behaviour of the concentrations during storm events show that nitrogen and phosphorus have both a superficial origin. The separation of three different components (surface runoff, subsurface runoff and groundwater flow) of the storm hydrograph shows that nitrogen is mainly exported by subsurface runoff and phosphorus mainly by surface runoff. Mixing models allow to estimate the total phosphorus concentration in surface waters at 0.5mg1-1 and the nitrate concentration in subsurface waters 60-130 mg l-l according to the season. The nitrogen balance shows that there is a good relationship between the exportation rate (ratio between river exportations and fertilizer inputs) and the mean annual discharge in the two watersheds. During a humid hydrological year, the exportation rate can reach 40-50%. Phosphorus balance in the Girou watershed shows that the exportation rate is lower than 1%. The contribution of the different phosphorus sources to the annual streamflux can be estimated as 7% for the biogeochemical processes, 32% for the nonpoint-pollution due to fertilizer applications and 61% for the point-pollution due to sewage effluents.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2015
OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it fr... more OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible.
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Papers by Jean-Luc Probst