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Everett L Wheeler

Duke University, Classical Studies, Scholar in Residence

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Everett L Wheeler

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• 8 Book Reviews
• 91 Papers

Book Reviews by Everett L Wheeler

review: Julian Romane, Julius Caesar’s Civil War: Tactics, Strategy & Logistics. Philadelphia: Pen & Sword Military, 2023, in Journal of Military History 88.2 (2024) 508-510

Journal of Military History 88.2, 2024

Edit

Review Essay: The Archaeology of War in Late Antiquity

Journal of Military History 78.3: 1081-93, 2014

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review: D. Braund, Greek Religion and Cults in the Black Sea Region, in Ancient West & East 21 (2022) 330-36

Ancient West & East , 2022

Edit

Jason M. Schlude, Rome, Parthia, and the Politics of Peace: The Origins of War in the Ancient Near East, in The Classical Journal: CJ – Online 2022.12.03

The Classical Journal: CJ – Online , 2022

Edit

The Laxity of Syrian Legions

D. Kennedy (ed.) The Roman army in the East, Journal of Roman Archaeology, Suppl. 18, 1996

Edit

review: Steele Brand, Killing for the Republic. Citizen-Soldiers and the Roman Way of War, in Journal of Military History 84.4 (2020) 1191-93

Edit

review: C. Whatley, Exercitus Moesiae: The Roman Army in Moesia from Augustus to Severus Alexander, in Ancient West & East 18 (2019) 512-15

Edit

review: J. Schlude and B. Rubin, edd., Arsacids, Romans, and Local Elites: Cross-Cultural Interactions of the Parthian Empire, in Ancient West & East 18 (2019) 484-87

Edit

Papers by Everett L Wheeler

The Occasion of Arrian’s Tactica

Greek Roman and Byzantine Studies, Dec 24, 1978

A RRIAN STATES in his Cynegencus 1.4 that his lifelong interests were philosophy, generalship and... more A RRIAN STATES in his Cynegencus 1.4 that his lifelong interests were philosophy, generalship and hunting. 1 With the topic of generalship the Anabasis Alexandri immediately springs to mind, but Arrian's interests in the art of command went far beyond his historical pursuits and assumed a personal and contemporary significance. 2 As legatus Augusti pro praetore of Cappa do cia (ca 131-137), Arrian held a military post on the Euphrates frontier second in importance only to the governorship of Syria. To this point in his life Arrian had led one of the most brilliant public careers of the Hadrianic period, especially for a novus homo from Nicomedia. He had been the first Greek (known so far) to govern a western province, when he served as proconsul of Baetica in the late 120' s; he became the first Bithynian to hold the consulship, probably in 129; and he was only the second Greek to command in Cappadocia. (c. Julius Quadratus Bassus was the first Greek governor, 107/8-110/11.) Nor was Arrian a novice at military command: he probably saw action in Trajan's Parthian war as a tribune and possibly served as legatus legion is on the Danubian frontier in the early 120 'S.3 In 135 deteriorating relations between Rome and Caucasian Iberia prompted pharasmanes II to summon the Sarmatian Alani through the Caucasus in a display of force. Cappadocia was threatened. Arrian assembled his army, deterred the Alani, and Roman territory was

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The Laxity of Syrian Legions, in David L. Kennedy, ed., The Roman Army in the East, JRA Suppl. 18 (1996) 229-76)

The Roman Army in the East, 1996

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Strategic surprise and John Lydus: Constantine's 'last plans'

Nick Hodgson/B. Griffths, eds., Roman Frontier Archaeology -- in Britain and Beyond:; Papers in Honour of Paul Bidwell Presented on the Occasion of the 30th Annual Conference of the Arbeia Society, Archaeopress Roman Archaeology 92 (Oxford 2022) 360-71, 2022

See Figure 1 for location of some places mentioned in the text.

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Firepower: Missile Weapons and the «Face of Battle»

by E. D◆ browa.(Electrum. Vol. 5).-Krakоw, 2001

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Ephorus and the Prohibition of Missiles

Transactions of the American Philological Association ( …, 1987

Page 1. Transactions of the American Philological Association 117 (1987) 157-182 EPHORUS AND THE ... more Page 1. Transactions of the American Philological Association 117 (1987) 157-182 EPHORUS AND THE PROHIBITION OF MISSILES EVERETT L. WHEELER Duke University In memoriam Fordyce W. Mitchel The alleged treaty ...

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Hoplomachia and Greek dances in arms

Greek, Roman, and Byzantine …, 2011

Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies. Journal Help. Journal Content Search. All. Browse: ...

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Terrorism and military theory: An historical perspective

Terrorism and Political Violence, 1991

... The fallacy of this operational approach is clear from the comparison (so popular with pacifi... more ... The fallacy of this operational approach is clear from the comparison (so popular with pacifists) of ... on the proximity of Robespierre's Reign of Terror to the ideas of Gracchus Babeuf (d. 1797 ... tyrants) owes much, however, to Graeco-Roman views of tyrannicide, and Babeuf was a ...

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The Army and Limes in the East

... communication. A Seleucid road system already existed in Syria. ... Minor. In the south, Pomp... more ... communication. A Seleucid road system already existed in Syria. ... Minor. In the south, Pompey's annexation of Syria (64 bc), the Seleucid Empire's surviving fragment, created the first Roman province in the Semitic Near East. ...

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The Legion as Phalanx in the Late Empire, Part II

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Notes on a Stratagem of Iphicrates in Polyaenus and Leo Tactica

Proper understanding of Iphicrates' stratagem at Polyaenus 3.9.38, marred by a lacuna, can be der... more Proper understanding of Iphicrates' stratagem at Polyaenus 3.9.38, marred by a lacuna, can be derived from Leo Tact. 20.196, where anchoring a fl eet off a harborless coastline is described. Emending Polyaenus' text from the reading of a later MS also clarifi es the anecdote's meaning. Leo knew the full text of Polyaenus, since Polyaenus 3.9.38 does not occur in the abbreviated Excepta Polyaeni, which some recently suggest replaced the Strategica in Byzantine use of Polyaenus.

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Constantine's Gothic Treaty of 332: A Reconsideration of Eusebius VC 4.5-6

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Firepower: Missile Weapons and the "Face of Battle”

Edit

review: Julian Romane, Julius Caesar’s Civil War: Tactics, Strategy & Logistics. Philadelphia: Pen & Sword Military, 2023, in Journal of Military History 88.2 (2024) 508-510

Journal of Military History 88.2, 2024

Edit

Review Essay: The Archaeology of War in Late Antiquity

Journal of Military History 78.3: 1081-93, 2014

DownloadEdit

review: D. Braund, Greek Religion and Cults in the Black Sea Region, in Ancient West & East 21 (2022) 330-36

Ancient West & East , 2022

Edit

Jason M. Schlude, Rome, Parthia, and the Politics of Peace: The Origins of War in the Ancient Near East, in The Classical Journal: CJ – Online 2022.12.03

The Classical Journal: CJ – Online , 2022

Edit

The Laxity of Syrian Legions

D. Kennedy (ed.) The Roman army in the East, Journal of Roman Archaeology, Suppl. 18, 1996

Edit

review: Steele Brand, Killing for the Republic. Citizen-Soldiers and the Roman Way of War, in Journal of Military History 84.4 (2020) 1191-93

Edit

review: C. Whatley, Exercitus Moesiae: The Roman Army in Moesia from Augustus to Severus Alexander, in Ancient West & East 18 (2019) 512-15

Edit

review: J. Schlude and B. Rubin, edd., Arsacids, Romans, and Local Elites: Cross-Cultural Interactions of the Parthian Empire, in Ancient West & East 18 (2019) 484-87

Edit

The Occasion of Arrian’s Tactica

Greek Roman and Byzantine Studies, Dec 24, 1978

A RRIAN STATES in his Cynegencus 1.4 that his lifelong interests were philosophy, generalship and... more A RRIAN STATES in his Cynegencus 1.4 that his lifelong interests were philosophy, generalship and hunting. 1 With the topic of generalship the Anabasis Alexandri immediately springs to mind, but Arrian's interests in the art of command went far beyond his historical pursuits and assumed a personal and contemporary significance. 2 As legatus Augusti pro praetore of Cappa do cia (ca 131-137), Arrian held a military post on the Euphrates frontier second in importance only to the governorship of Syria. To this point in his life Arrian had led one of the most brilliant public careers of the Hadrianic period, especially for a novus homo from Nicomedia. He had been the first Greek (known so far) to govern a western province, when he served as proconsul of Baetica in the late 120' s; he became the first Bithynian to hold the consulship, probably in 129; and he was only the second Greek to command in Cappadocia. (c. Julius Quadratus Bassus was the first Greek governor, 107/8-110/11.) Nor was Arrian a novice at military command: he probably saw action in Trajan's Parthian war as a tribune and possibly served as legatus legion is on the Danubian frontier in the early 120 'S.3 In 135 deteriorating relations between Rome and Caucasian Iberia prompted pharasmanes II to summon the Sarmatian Alani through the Caucasus in a display of force. Cappadocia was threatened. Arrian assembled his army, deterred the Alani, and Roman territory was

DownloadEdit

The Laxity of Syrian Legions, in David L. Kennedy, ed., The Roman Army in the East, JRA Suppl. 18 (1996) 229-76)

The Roman Army in the East, 1996

DownloadEdit

Strategic surprise and John Lydus: Constantine's 'last plans'

Nick Hodgson/B. Griffths, eds., Roman Frontier Archaeology -- in Britain and Beyond:; Papers in Honour of Paul Bidwell Presented on the Occasion of the 30th Annual Conference of the Arbeia Society, Archaeopress Roman Archaeology 92 (Oxford 2022) 360-71, 2022

See Figure 1 for location of some places mentioned in the text.

DownloadEdit

Firepower: Missile Weapons and the «Face of Battle»

by E. D◆ browa.(Electrum. Vol. 5).-Krakоw, 2001

Edit

Ephorus and the Prohibition of Missiles

Transactions of the American Philological Association ( …, 1987

Page 1. Transactions of the American Philological Association 117 (1987) 157-182 EPHORUS AND THE ... more Page 1. Transactions of the American Philological Association 117 (1987) 157-182 EPHORUS AND THE PROHIBITION OF MISSILES EVERETT L. WHEELER Duke University In memoriam Fordyce W. Mitchel The alleged treaty ...

Edit

Hoplomachia and Greek dances in arms

Greek, Roman, and Byzantine …, 2011

Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies. Journal Help. Journal Content Search. All. Browse: ...

DownloadEdit

Terrorism and military theory: An historical perspective

Terrorism and Political Violence, 1991

... The fallacy of this operational approach is clear from the comparison (so popular with pacifi... more ... The fallacy of this operational approach is clear from the comparison (so popular with pacifists) of ... on the proximity of Robespierre's Reign of Terror to the ideas of Gracchus Babeuf (d. 1797 ... tyrants) owes much, however, to Graeco-Roman views of tyrannicide, and Babeuf was a ...

Edit

The Army and Limes in the East

... communication. A Seleucid road system already existed in Syria. ... Minor. In the south, Pomp... more ... communication. A Seleucid road system already existed in Syria. ... Minor. In the south, Pompey's annexation of Syria (64 bc), the Seleucid Empire's surviving fragment, created the first Roman province in the Semitic Near East. ...

Edit

The Legion as Phalanx in the Late Empire, Part II

Edit

Notes on a Stratagem of Iphicrates in Polyaenus and Leo Tactica

Proper understanding of Iphicrates' stratagem at Polyaenus 3.9.38, marred by a lacuna, can be der... more Proper understanding of Iphicrates' stratagem at Polyaenus 3.9.38, marred by a lacuna, can be derived from Leo Tact. 20.196, where anchoring a fl eet off a harborless coastline is described. Emending Polyaenus' text from the reading of a later MS also clarifi es the anecdote's meaning. Leo knew the full text of Polyaenus, since Polyaenus 3.9.38 does not occur in the abbreviated Excepta Polyaeni, which some recently suggest replaced the Strategica in Byzantine use of Polyaenus.

DownloadEdit

Constantine's Gothic Treaty of 332: A Reconsideration of Eusebius VC 4.5-6

Edit

Firepower: Missile Weapons and the "Face of Battle”

Edit

The Modern Legality of Frontinus’ Stratagems

Edit

The Chronology of Corbulo in Armenia

Soon after the young Nero assumed the purple in 54, word of a new Armenian crisis arrived in Rome... more Soon after the young Nero assumed the purple in 54, word of a new Armenian crisis arrived in Rome. Recruitment to bolster the eastern legions and other defensive measures were immediately ordered (Tac. Ann. 13.7). Command of Armenian Operations feil to Domitius Corbulo (PIR^ D 141) whose army was to consist of about half of the Syrian legions — the remainder retained by the Syrian governor Ummidius Quadratus (PIR U 600). But, according to Tacitus' chronology of the war, which is confused by his scattered annalistic treatment of eastern events, after Corbulo's arrival at the eastern front in 55 offensive Operations did not begin until 58, primarily because of the allegedly deplorable State of the Syrian legions: ill-trained, poorly disciplined, and füll of soldiers sick or too old for du ty ' This view of the Syrian army corresponds to the general picture of lax Syrian legions in ancient historiography and has found, for all practical purposes, universal acceptance in modern scholarship.^ According to the ancients, Corbulo's severe discipline had to whip the Syrian legions into shape (cf. supra n. 1) before compaigning could begin. Some scholars Supplement as a cause for the delay of Operations the need to acclimatize Syrian soldiers to the more rigorous environment north of

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Constantine’s Gothic Treaty of 332: A Reconsideration of Eusebius VC 4.5-6

Edit

Christine de Pizan’s Livre des fais d’armes et de chevalerie: Gender and the Prefaces

... Hindman = SL Hindman, Christine de Pizan 's 'Epistre Othéa ': Pain... more ... Hindman = SL Hindman, Christine de Pizan 's 'Epistre Othéa ': Painting and Politics at the Court of Charles VI, Studies ... the review of EL Wheeler, Journal of Military History, 63 (1999): 958-59 ... copies of Vérard ' s edition appear in a 1713 inventory of the library of the duke of Savoy ...

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Pullarii, Marsi, Haruspices, and Sacerdotes in the Roman Imperial Army

Page 1. 185 Pullarii, Marsi, Haruspices, and Sacerdotes in the Roman Imperial Army Everett L. Whe... more Page 1. 185 Pullarii, Marsi, Haruspices, and Sacerdotes in the Roman Imperial Army Everett L. Wheeler An investigation of the role of the gods in Roman military operations (battles and campaigns, as opposed to divine protection ...

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Methodological Limits and the Mirage of Roman Strategy: Part I

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Interstate Arbitrations in the Greek World, 337-90 B.C. (review)

American Journal of Philology, 1998

matters. If the clutter had been reduced, it seems likely that the entire argument could have bee... more matters. If the clutter had been reduced, it seems likely that the entire argument could have been vigorously presented in an article. More seriously, perhaps, we find in the chapter on Drakon’s Code that Tulin supports his interpretation by relying partly on his (not yet demonstrated) interpretation of [Dem.] 47. Surely these pieces of evidence must be made to stand independently. For a book–length presentation, the question seems too narrow, and too little evidence is considered in detail. Tulin touches on Antiphon 5.87–89, for instance, stating that it is “worth considering the passage in full” (14 n. 33), but he almost immediately concludes that the passage deals only with the seriousness of homicide, not with his central question. Yet the speaker argues that “vengeance is for the person wronged” (5.89), not his family, and that the charge of the prosecutor is not effective, but the decision of the jurors is. Both of these points represent challenges to Tulin’s thesis: they clearly emphasize the importance of the individual as victim and that the larger corporate entity does play an important role in achieving redress for homicide. While the book provides an important corrective to MacDowell (as MacDowell himself concedes in CR, n.s. 47 [1997] 384–85), its presentation and methodology will make the older book more attractive to many readers, and that is regrettable.

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Rome and Persia at war, 502-532

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