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1997 Pacific typhoon season: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|none}}Typhoon <!--season "none" is a legitimate description whenin the titleWestern isPacific already adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->Ocean}}
{{Infobox tropical cyclone season
| Track = 1997 Pacific typhoon season summary map.png
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| Strongest storm name = [[Typhoon Ivan|Ivan]] and [[Typhoon Joan (1997)|Joan]]
| Strongest storm pressure = 905
| Strongest storm winds = 160105
| Average wind speed = 110
| Total depressions = 47
| Total storms = 2928
| Total hurricanes = 16
| Total intense = 11 (unofficial){{refn|group="nb"|name="STY"}}<br />(record high tied with [[1965 Pacific typhoon season|1965]])
| Fatalities = 4,036 total
| Damages = 49774590
| Damagespre = >
| five seasons = [[1995 Pacific typhoon season|1995]], [[1996 Pacific typhoon season|1996]], '''1997''', [[1998 Pacific typhoon season|1998]], [[1999 Pacific typhoon season|1999]]
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| North Indian season = 1997 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
}}
The '''1997 Pacific typhoon season''' was a record-breaking season featuring 11 tropical cyclones reaching super typhoon intensity, tying the record with [[1965 Pacific typhoon season|1965]] with the most violent tropical cyclones globally, and was the ninth and last consecutive year of above-average [[tropical cyclone]] activity that started in [[1989 Pacific typhoon season|1989]]. Its extremely high activity produced a total of 570 ACE index, which is the highest ever index recorded in a single tropical cyclone season. In addition, this season had 10 [[Saffir-Simpson scale|Saffir-Simpson]] Category 5-equivalent tropical cyclones, the most ever recorded, even greater than the [[2005 Atlantic hurricane season]], which had nearly half of the amount. The [[1997–98 El Niño event]] was a contributing factor to this unusually high activity. Despite this, the season produced an average number of tropical storms, spawning 29 tropical storms.▼
 
▲The '''1997 Pacific typhoon season''' was a record-breaking season featuring 11eleven tropical cyclones reaching super typhoon intensity, tying the record with [[1965 Pacific typhoon season|1965]] with the most violentintense tropical cyclones globally, and was the ninth and last consecutive year of above-average [[tropical cyclone]] activity that started in [[1989 Pacific typhoon season|1989]]. Its extremely high activity produced a total of 570highest ACE index, which is the highest ever index recorded in a single tropical cyclone season. In addition, this season had 10ten [[Saffir-Simpson scale|Saffir-Simpson]] Category 5-equivalent tropical cyclones, the most ever recorded, even greater than the [[2005 Atlantic hurricane season]], which had nearly half of the amount. The [[1997–98 El Niño event]] was a contributing factor to this unusually high activity. Despite this, the season produced an average number of tropical storms, spawning 2928 tropical storms.
It has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1997, but most [[tropical cyclones]] tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November.<ref>Gary Padgett. [http://www.typhoon2000.ph/garyp_mgtcs/may03sum.txt May 2003 Tropical Cyclone Summary.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060925124215/http://www.typhoon2000.ph/garyp_mgtcs/may03sum.txt |date=September 25, 2006 }} Retrieved on 2006-08-26.</ref> These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The first named storm, Hannah, developed on January 20 while the last named storm, Paka, dissipated on December 23. [[Tropical Storm Linda (1997)|Tropical Storm Linda]] became the worst tropical cyclone to hit [[Vietnam]], killing over 3,000 people▼
 
▲It has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1997, but most [[tropical cyclones]] tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November.<ref>Gary Padgett. [http://www.typhoon2000.ph/garyp_mgtcs/may03sum.txt May 2003 Tropical Cyclone Summary.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060925124215/http://www.typhoon2000.ph/garyp_mgtcs/may03sum.txt |date=September 25, 2006 }} Retrieved on 2006-08-26.</ref> These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The first named storm, Hannah, developed on January 20 while the last named storm, Paka, dissipated on December 23. [[Tropical Storm Linda (1997)|Tropical Storm Linda]] became the worst tropical cyclone to hit [[Vietnam]], killing over 3,000 people.
The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the [[International Date Line]]. Storms that form east of the Date Line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see [[1997 Pacific hurricane season]]. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]]. Tropical depressions in this basin have the "W" suffix added to their number. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the [[Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration]] or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.
 
The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean to the north of the equator between [[100th meridian east|100°E]] and [[180th meridian]]. Within the northwestern Pacific Ocean, there are two agencies which assign names to tropical cyclones which can often result in a cyclone having two names. The [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]&nbsp;<small>(JMA)</small>{{#tag:ref|The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official [[Regional Specialized Meteorological Center]] for the western Pacific Ocean.|group="nb"}} will name a [[tropical cyclone]] if it has 10-minute [[maximum sustained wind|sustained wind speeds]] of at least {{cvt|65|km/h}} anywhere in the basin, while the [[Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration]]&nbsp;<small>(PAGASA)</small> assigns names to tropical cyclones which are active in the [[Philippine Area of Responsibility]] (PAR), located between 135°E and 115°E and between 5°N–25°N, regardless of whether or not a tropical cyclone has already been given a name by the JMA. Tropical depressions that are monitored by the United States' [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]]&nbsp;<small>(JTWC)</small>{{#tag:ref|The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint [[United States Navy]]&nbsp;– [[United States Air Force]] task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|title=Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement|year=2011|access-date=July 25, 2012|url=https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/menu/JTWC_mission.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070726103400/https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/menu/JTWC_mission.html|archive-date=July 26, 2007}}</ref>|group="nb"}}{{refn|A super typhoon is an unofficial category used by the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC) for a typhoon with winds of at least {{cvt|240|km/h}}.<ref name="faq">{{cite report|date=August 13, 2012|title=Frequently Asked Questions|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|access-date=September 22, 2012|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC/frequently-asked-questions-1/frequently-asked-questions|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004091412/http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC/frequently-asked-questions-1/frequently-asked-questions/|archive-date=October 4, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>|group="nb"|name="STY"}} are given a number with a "W" suffix.
 
== Seasonal summary ==
<div style="text-align: center;">
<timeline>
ImageSize = width:1030 height:270310
PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:20 left:20
Legend = columns:3 left:30 top:58 columnwidth:270
Line 58 ⟶ 59:
 
PlotData=
barset:Hurricane width:1110 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till
from:19/01/1997 till:24/01/1997 color:TD text:"Hannah"
barset:break▼
from:12/04/1997 till:23/04/1997 color:VSTY text:"[[Typhoon Isa|Isa]]"
from:22/04/1997 till:26/04/1997 color:TS text:"Jimmy"
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from:23/06/1997 till:24/06/1997 color:TD text:"TD"
from:29/06/1997 till:30/06/1997 color:TD text:"TD"
barset:break▼
from:02/07/1997 till:07/07/1997 color:TD text:"TD"
from:11/07/1997 till:12/07/1997 color:TD text:"TD"
from:18/07/1997 till:31/07/1997 color:VSTY text:"Rosie"
▲ barset:break
from:18/07/1997 till:20/07/1997 color:TD text:"TD"
from:20/07/1997 till:02/08/1997 color:TS text:"Scott"
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from:16/08/1997 till:22/08/1997 color:ST text:"Yule"
from:17/08/1997 till:18/08/1997 color:TD text:"16W"
barset:break
from:20/08/1997 till:24/08/1997 color:ST text: "[[Tropical Storm Zita|Zita]]"
from:21/08/1997 till:31/08/1997 color:TY text:"Amber"
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from:27/08/1997 till:30/08/1997 color:TS text:"Cass"
from:03/09/1997 till:03/09/1997 color:TD text:"TD"
▲ barset:break
from:03/09/1997 till:16/09/1997 color:VSTY text:"[[Typhoon Oliwa|Oliwa]]"
from:11/09/1997 till:19/09/1997 color:VSTY text:"David"
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from:21/09/1997 till:27/09/1997 color:ST text:"Fritz"
from:23/09/1997 till:30/09/1997 color:VSTY text:"Ginger"
barset:break
from:28/09/1997 till:04/10/1997 color:TD text:"Hank"
from:02/10/1997 till:08/10/1997 color:TD text:"26W"
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</div>
{{Top 10 Most Intense Pacific typhoon season}}
The [[Accumulatedaccumulated Cyclonecyclone Energyenergy]] (ACE) index for the 1997 Pacific typhoon season as calculated by Colorado State University using data from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center was 570.4&nbsp;units, which is the highest ACE for a single season ever recorded.<ref>{{cite web| title=Basin Archives: Northwest Pacific Ocean Historical Tropical Cyclone Statistics|url=http://tropical.atmos.colostate.edu/Realtime/index.php?arch&loc=northwestpacific|publisher=Colorado State University|location=Fort Collins, Colorado|access-date=25 May 2023}}</ref> Broadly speaking, ACE is a measure of the power of a tropical or subtropical storm multiplied by the length of time it existed. It is only calculated for full advisories on specific tropical and subtropical systems reaching or exceeding wind speeds of {{convert|39|mph|km/h}}.
 
The season was unusual and exceptional in the number of super typhoons that occurred in the basin. According to the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]], eleven tropical cyclones attained super typhoon status, ten of which became Category 5 Super Typhoons, marking the highest number of Category 5 storms in a single season on record. Eleven typhoons reached winds of at least 135&nbsp;knots. They were Isa, Nestor, Rosie, Winnie, Bing, Oliwa (from Central Pacific), Ginger, Ivan, Joan, Keith, and Paka (also from the Central Pacific). This was due to the [[El Niño]] of 1997–1998, which contributed to the record amounts of not only super typhoons but also tropical storms in the Western and Eastern Pacific. Fortunately, most of the stronger systems remained at sea. This is also due to the El NinoNiño during that time, which tends to shift typhoon tracks east.<ref name="Annual1997">{{cite journal |last1=Lander |first1=Mark A. |last2=Guard |first2=Charles P. |title=Western North Pacific, North Indian Ocean, and Southern Hemisphere Tropical Cyclones of 1997 |journal=Monthly Weather Review |date=December 1, 2001 |volume=19 |issue=12 |pages=3015–3036 |doi=10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<3015:WNPNIO>2.0.CO;2 |s2cid=120221658 |issn=1520-0493 |doi-access=free }}</ref> When Severe Tropical Storm Peter made landfall in southern Japan on June&nbsp;27, it marked the first time that two tropical cyclones made landfall in mainland Japan during the month of June since reliable records began in 1951.<ref>{{cite web|agency=Associated Press|work= Indian Express |date=June 28, 1997|access-date=June 16, 2009|title=Typhoon hits Japan|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19970629/18050123.html}}</ref>
{{clear}}
 
Line 287 ⟶ 286:
On July 18, Tropical Depression 10W formed near [[Caroline Islands]]. 10W was upgraded to Tropical Storm Rosie and became a Category&nbsp;5 Super Typhoon on July 22. Rosie moved northward and began to weaken. Rosie made a landfall as a Category&nbsp;1 typhoon at Shikoku, Japan on July 26.<ref>Joint Typhoon Warning Center. [http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1997atcr/ch3/10ww.htm Super Typhoon Rosie (10W).] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607032341/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1997atcr/ch3/10ww.htm |date=2011-06-07 }} Retrieved on 2007-01-07.</ref> In Japan, five people were killed and 1,200 were displaced by the storm.<ref name="1997floods"/>
 
From July 22–26, [[Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration|PAGASA]] tracked the storm, and named it Elang.<ref name="wmo905"/>
{{Clear}}
 
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|10-min winds=75
|Pressure=955
}}{{Expand section|date=July 2021}}
}}
From July 31 to August 6, [[Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration]] tracked the storm, and named it Huling.<ref name="wmo905"/>
On July 29, the PAGASA began monitoring an area of low pressure in the open East Pacific for the possibility of becoming a Tropical Storm. The depression moved to the northwest, then curved to the north before abruptly turning to the west on July 30. Early on July 31, the depression was designated a tropical storm which got the name Tina. On the same day, Tina executed a small cyclonic loop. Then on August 1, while going in a northwesterly direction, Tina strengthened into a typhoon. The next day, the typhoon turned to the north then peaked as a strong typhoon with winds of 140&nbsp;km/h (85&nbsp;mph) 10minute sustained and a minimum barometric pressure of 955hPa (mbar). Tina then weakened the next day due to increasing wind shear soon becoming a tropical storm on August 4. The storm struck the southern part of South Korea on August 5 before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone on August 6. The remnants persisted for 3 days before finally dissipating on August 9 around 240 miles east of Tokyo, Japan.
{{Clear}}
 
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|Pressure=980
|Track=Victor 1997 track.png
}}{{Expand section|date=July 2021}}
}}
From July 30–31, [[Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration]] tracked the storm, and named it Goring.<ref name="wmo905"/> In China, Victor killed 65 people and caused $241&nbsp;million in damages.<ref name="1997floods"/>
On July 30, 1997, a tropical depression formed just west of the Philippines. The depression was named ''Goring'' by PAGASA shortly after its formation. The depression was slow to strengthen, but later became a tropical storm and was named Victor. Victor moved slowly to the west for 18 hours, then it made a sharp turn to the right, moving nearly due north toward China. As Victor approached China, began strengthening close to typhoon status. On August 2, 1997, Victor became a typhoon and made landfall directly over Hong Kong, killing 65 people and causing $241 million in damages. After Victor made landfall, it quickly weakened and deteriorated over China.
{{Clear}}
 
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|Image=Winnie 1997-08-12 2300Z.png
|Track=Winnie 1997 track.png
|Formed=August 65
|Dissipated=August 20
|1-min winds=140
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=== Severe Tropical Storm Yule ===
{{Infobox hurricanetropical cyclone small
| Basin = WPac
| Image = Yule 1997-08-21 0000Z.png
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| 10-min winds = 55
| Pressure = 980
}}{{Expand section|date=July 2021}}
}}
Severe Tropical Storm Yule merged with Tropical Depression 16W early in its life.
On August 16, a tropical disturbance began developing between the Micronesian states of Phonpei and Kosrae. The disturbance quickly developed and strengthened as it moved steadily north. Two days later on August 18, the disturbance had finally developed into Tropical Storm Yule. Shortly after its formation, it began interacting with Tropical Depression 16W early on August 19. A few hours later, Tropical Depression 16W dissipated and merged with Yule, causing Yule to meander for around 12 hours before once again moving slowly to the north. After strengthening for two days, Yule reached its peak intensity of 65&nbsp;mph and a pressure of 980 millibars. Yule began to weaken as it approached cooler waters, and then degenerated into an extratropical cyclone during the beginning of August 23.
{{Clear}}
 
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=== Typhoon Bing ===
{{Redirect-distinguish|Typhoon Bing|Typhoon Bining}}
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
|Basin=WPac
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During this period, the storm intensified into a [[Category 5 hurricane|Category 5 super typhoon]], with winds reaching {{convert|265|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} by 0000&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;27. At this time, Ginger featured a small, well-defined eye surrounded by a smooth [[central dense overcast]] and large convective feeder bands. The general cloudless environment surrounding the system allowed [[Outflow (meteorology)|outflow]] to cover a large area. Shortly after peaking, the storm began to recurve towards the northeast and weaken. Gradually accelerating, the storm began to undergo an extratropical transition. The JTWC issued their final advisory on the typhoon at 0600&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;30. Several hours later, the extratropical system weakened below typhoon intensity.<ref name="GingerTCR"/> The remnants of Ginger persisted for two more days as it rapidly tracked towards the [[Western United States]]. By October&nbsp;2, the storm impacted the region and dissipated shortly thereafter.<ref name="TYGingerHB1"/>
 
The remnants of Typhoon Ginger brought strong winds and heavy rain to the Western United States.<ref name="TYGingerHB1">{{cite web|author =Staff Writer|publisher=The Colombian|date=October 2, 1997|access-date=June 16, 2009|title=Remnants of Typhoon Ginger Charge into County|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-4947769.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025194404/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-4947769.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 25, 2012}}</ref> Winds along the [[Oregon]] coastline gusted up to {{convert|69|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|author=Stuart Hinson|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|year=1999|access-date=June 16, 2009|title=Oregon Event Report: High Winds|url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~300970}}{{Dead link|date=February 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The highest rainfall total was recorded in [[Felida, Washington]], at {{convert|1.3|in|mm|abbr=on}}. Power was also briefly cut to 450 people by the high winds.<ref name="TYGingerHB1"/>
{{Clear}}
 
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=== Severe Tropical Storm Linda (Openg) ===
{{Infobox hurricanetropical cyclone small
| Basin = WPac
| Image = Linda Nov 3 1997 0717Z.png
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Typhoon Linda, after moving through the Philippines and the South China Sea, hit the [[Malay Peninsula]] on November 3. It restrengthened in the Bay of Bengal, but vertical shear caused Linda to dissipate on the 9th.
 
On 2 November, Linda hit the southern tip of [[Vietnam]], the [[Cà Mau Provinceprovince]], causing unprecedented havoc with 3,070 people being killed in Vietnam, most of which drowned at sea.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tưởng niệm các nạn nhân của cơn bão Linda |url=http://vietbao.vn/Xa-hoi/Tuong-niem-cac-nan-nhan-cua-con-bao-Linda/45261248/157/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101003001845/http://vietbao.vn/Xa-hoi/Tuong-niem-cac-nan-nhan-cua-con-bao-Linda/45261248/157/ |archive-date=2010-10-03 |url-status=live |access-date=2009-10-05 }}</ref> Nearly 80,000 houses are reported as destroyed and almost 140,000 as badly damaged. Infrastructure (roads, schools and hospitals) also suffered heavily and huge swathes of rice paddy were swamped. The hardest hit provinces were Kiên Giang, Cà Mau, Bạc Liêu, Sóc Trăng, Trà Vinh, Bến Tre and Vũng Tàu. It was the worst typhoon to strike the area in 100&nbsp;years. Damages from the storm amounted to VND&nbsp;7&nbsp;trillion (US$409&nbsp;million).<ref>[http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/OCHA-64CQJT?OpenDocument ReliefWeb » Document » Situation Report Typhoon Linda Vietnam<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/OCHA-64BTSE?OpenDocument&rc=3&emid=ST-1997-0267-VNM ReliefWeb » Document » Summing-up report on disaster situations in recent years and preparedness and mitigation measures in Vietnam<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
 
Elsewhere in Thailand and the Philippines, Linda caused further deaths from flooding and heavy damage.<ref>Joint Typhoon Warning Center. [http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1997atcr/ch3/30w.htm Typhoon Linda (30W).] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607033420/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1997atcr/ch3/30w.htm |date=2011-06-07 }} Retrieved on 2007-01-07.</ref>
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| {{tcname unused|Binang}} || {{tcname unused|Kadiang}} || {{tcname unused|Dinang}} || {{tcname unused|Epang}} || {{tcname unused|Gundang}}
|}
The [[Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration]] (PAGASA) uses its own naming scheme for tropical cyclones in their area of responsibility. PAGASA assigns names to tropical depressions that form within their area of responsibility and any tropical cyclone that might move into their area of responsibility. Should the list of names for a given year prove to be insufficient, names are taken from an auxiliary list, the first 10 of which are published each year before the season starts. This is the same list used for the [[1993 Pacific typhoon season|1993 season]]. PAGASA uses its own naming scheme that starts in the [[Filipino alphabet]], with names of Filipino female names ending with "ng" (A, B, K, D, etc.). This naming list was not used again as PAGASA started a new naming scheme in the [[2001 Pacific typhoon season|2001 season]]. Names that were not assigned/used are marked in {{tcname unused}}.
{{clear}}
 
== Season effects ==
Line 769 ⟶ 768:
| [[Typhoon Paka|Paka (Rubing)]] || {{Sort|971207|December 7–23}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|VSTY}}|{{Sort|4|Very strong typhoon}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|VSTY}}|{{Sort|185|{{convert|185|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|VSTY}}|{{Sort|0920|{{convert|920|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}} || Marshall Islands, Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands || {{ntsp|580000000||$}} || Unknown ||
|-
{{TC Areas affected (Bottom)|TC's=47&nbsp;systems|dates=January 19&nbsp;– December 23, 1997|winds={{Sort|205|{{convert|205|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}}}|pres={{Sort|0905|{{convert|905|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}|damage={{ntsp|49770000004586900000}} <!-- 4,977 -->|deaths=4,036|Refs=}}
 
== See also ==
Line 779 ⟶ 778:
* [[1997–98 Australian region cyclone season]]
* [[1997–98 South Pacific cyclone season]]
 
== Notes ==
{{Reflist|2group=nb}}▼
 
== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
▲{{Reflist|2}}
 
== External links ==
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_Pacific_typhoon_season"
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