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{{Short description|
{{use mdy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{globalize|2=Anglosphere|date=February 2023}}
There was a resurgence of '''homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic''' to help students return to school. Innovative parents sought to create solutions to their individual dilemmas by organizing local groups. These variations of [[homeschooling]] include micro schools and educational family co-ops. The first usually involves hired professionals to teach a small group of kids (similar to one-room schoolhouses). The second is a parent-organized co-operative where families take turns educating and minding their kids during the week. Both are largely available only to the well-off, as costs in time and money are high. 'Pandemic pod' is the fashionable term used to describe one of these arrangements where all group members agree to participate under well-defined and strictly enforced health rules.
Considering the overall racial and ethnic makeup of the U.S. population, and the relative size of each group, minority parents are much more likely to participate in learning pods:<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Andersson |first1=Fredrik O. |last2=Willems |first2=Jurgen |date=2023-10-31 |title=The Rise of Learning Pods: Civil Society's Expanding Role in K-12 Education in the United States |journal=Nonprofit Policy Forum |language=en |doi=10.1515/npf-2022-0020 |issn=2154-3348|doi-access=free }}</ref> Parents identifying as Hispanic have the highest level of participation (22 %), followed by parents identifying as Black (17 %) and Asian (11 %). Among white parents the participation rate was 17 %. In addition, minority parents display significantly more interest in forming or joining learning pods (Hispanic, 29 %; Black, 21 %; Asian, 34 %) compared to white parents (18 %). Furthermore, parents identifying as special needs parents are considerably more likely to have their children in a learning pod (31 %) compared to non-special needs parents (14 %). Finally, parents with younger children (Kindergarten to 4th grade, 21 %; 5th to 8th grade, 24 %) tend to participate more in learning pods compared to parents with older children (9th to 12th grade, 14 %), and parents of younger children also display greater interest in forming or joining learning pods (Kindergarten to 4th grade, 27 %; 9th to 12th grade, 16 %).<ref name=":0" />
The [[impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education]] forced school closures around the world.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gonser |first=Sarah |date=2020-04-08 |title=What Past Education Emergencies Tell Us About Our Future |url=https://www.edutopia.org/article/what-past-education-emergencies-tell-us-about-our-future |work= edutopia |access-date=2020-08-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Coronavirus Impact: Cancellations, closures related to COVID-19 in San Francisco Bay Area |url=https://abc7news.com/coronavirus-in-bay-area-cases-corona-virus-california/5990803/ |work=abc7news |date=2020-07-16 |access-date=2020-08-03}}</ref> Parents are left to manage their children and it is causing economic,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Psacharopoulos |first1=George |last2=Patrinos |first2=Harry |last3=Collis |first3=Victoria |last4=Vegas |first4=Emiliana |date=2020-04-29 |title=The COVID-19 cost of school closures |url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/education-plus-development/2020/04/29/the-covid-19-cost-of-school-closures/ |work= Brookings |access-date=2020-08-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Lindzon |first=Jared |date=2020-03-20 |title=School closures are starting, and they'll have far-reaching economic impacts |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90476445/school-closures-are-starting-and-theyll-have-far-reaching-economic-impacts |work= Fast Company |access-date=2020-08-03}}</ref> educational,<ref>{{cite news |last=Goldstein |first=Dana |date=2020-06-05 |title=Research Shows Students Falling Months Behind During Virus Disruptions |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/05/us/coronavirus-education-lost-learning.html |work= The New York Times |access-date=2020-08-03}}</ref> political<ref>{{cite news |last=Peek |first=Liz |date=2020-07-17 |title=Dems, Teacher Unions Playing Politics With School Closures |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/2020/07/17/dems_teacher_unions_playing_politics_with_school_closures_517471.html |work= Real Clear Politics |access-date=2020-08-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Perper |first=Rosie |date=2020-07-07 |title=Trump is pushing to reopen schools, which he claims are closed for political reasons and not to curb the coronavirus' spread |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-pushes-to-reopen-schools-claims-closures-are-political-2020-7 |work= Business Insider |access-date=2020-08-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2020-07-14 |title=Growing number of districts decide to start the school year online |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-pushes-to-reopen-schools-claims-closures-are-political-2020-7 |work= EdSource |access-date=2020-08-03}}</ref> and psychological distress.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2020-04-14 |title=Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19 |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanchi/article/PIIS2352-4642(20)30109-7/fulltext |work=The Lancet |access-date=2020-08-03}}</ref> A [[University of California, San Francisco]] study states that schools can't open safely until COVID-19 transmission in a general population is under control.<ref>{{cite news |last=Vaziri |first=Aidin |date=2020-08-25 |title=Coronavirus in the classroom? New UCSF study calculates the odds |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Coronavirus-in-the-classroom-New-UCSF-study-15513497.php |work= San Francisco Chronicle |access-date=2020-08-26}}</ref>
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As schools have been closed to cope with the global pandemic, students, parents and educators around the globe have felt the unexpected ripple effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. While governments, frontline workers and health officials are doing their best slowing down the outbreak, education systems are trying to continue imparting quality education for all during these difficult times. Most public schools have turned to online, distance learning in an attempt to re-engage students back into school. Many students at home/living space have undergone psychological and emotional distress and have been unable to engage productively. Lack of social interaction and face to face engagement between students and their teachers, or peers, has decreased student's overall motivation. The requirements placed on parents to fill in the gaps as teachers aids and support the implementation of the curriculum through remote learning left parents questioning the reliability of online education.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fontenelle-Tereshchuk |first1=Daniela |title='Homeschooling' and the COVID-19 Crisis: The Insights of Parents on Curriculum and Remote Learning - Interchange. |journal=Interchange |year=2021 |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=167–191 |doi=10.1007/s10780-021-09420-w |pmid=33623183 |pmc=7891122 }}</ref> The best practices for online homeschooling are yet to be explored, and it is unclear if homeschooling, or any other mitigation effort, can prevent students from falling behind.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pokhrel|first1=Sumitra|last2=Chhetri|first2=Roshan|date=2021-01-01|title=A Literature Review on Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Teaching and Learning|journal=Higher Education for the Future|language=en|volume=8|issue=1|pages=133–141|doi=10.1177/2347631120983481|issn=2347-6311|doi-access=free}}</ref>
To mitigate the disruption of school closures, multiple educational structures have been proposed. These terms are used interchangeably and this makes it confusing for parents who are trying to figure out how to organize their lives this fall as most schools will only offer virtual instruction. But basically there are three distinct ideas: pandemic pods, micro schools, and family co-ops.<ref>{{cite web |last=Werby |first=Olga |date=2020-07-24 |title=Micro Schools, Pandemic Pods, & Educational Family Co-ops |url=https://supermarketscience.com/micro-schools-pandemic-pods-educational-family-co-ops/ |work=Supermarket Science |access-date=2020-08-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Dani|first1=Blum|last2=Miller|first2=Farah|date=August 18, 2020|title=What Parents Need to Know About Learning Pods|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/learning-pods-coronavirus.html?surface=home-living-vi&fellback=false&req_id=834961991&algo=identity&imp_id=349011736&action=click&module=Smarter%20Living&pgtype=Homepage
==Pandemic pod==
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