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{{Short description|First Lady of the United States from 2017 to 2021}}
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'''Melania Trump''' (born '''Melanija Knavs''';{{efn|Pronounced {{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|l|ɑː|n|i|ə}} {{respell|mə|LAH|nee|ə}}; [[née|name prior to her marriage]]: '''Melania Knauss''' ({{IPA|de|meˈlaːni̯a ˈknaʊs|IPA}}), a [[Orthographic transcription|Germanization]] of her Slovene birth name '''Melanija Knavs''' ({{IPA|sl|mɛˈlaːnija ˈknaːws|IPA}}).}} April 26, 1970) is a
Melanija Knavs was born in Slovenia (then part of [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]) where she began working as a fashion model at the age of 16. She changed the spelling of her name to Melania Knauss, and she traveled to [[French_fashion#Paris|Paris]] and [[Fashion in Milan|Milan]] to seek modeling work before meeting [[Paolo Zampolli]], who hired her and sponsored her immigration to the United States in 1996. She continued working as a model in Manhattan, where Zampolli introduced her to the [[real estate developer]] Donald Trump in 1998. Melania and Donald began dating shortly afterward. He worked to get her more modeling jobs, and she supported him during his [[Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign|2000 presidential campaign]]. Melania and Donald Trump married in 2005, and they had a son, [[Barron Trump]], the following year. She dedicated most of her time to Barron during his infancy, spending less time working or accompanying her husband at events. She started her own jewelry brand, Melania, in 2009.
After encouraging Donald to [[Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign|run for president]] in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 presidential election]], Melania only made rare campaign appearances, opting to help Donald strategize over the phone. She received major press coverage during the campaign when erotic photos from her modeling years were uncovered and published, and again when a speech she gave at the [[2016 Republican National Convention]] was found to be plagiarized from a similar speech by [[Michelle Obama]]. In the month leading up to the election, she defended her husband following the release of the [[Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape|''Access Hollywood'' tape]] that had caused a scandal for her husband.
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== Early life and education ==
Melanija Knavs was born in [[Novo Mesto]], [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]], now part of present-day [[Slovenia]], on April 26, 1970.<ref name="CollinsModel">{{cite news|first=Lauren|last=Collins |url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/05/09/who-is-melania-trump|title=The Model American: Melania Trump
Although Melanija's father was a member of Yugoslavia's communist party, which espoused a policy of [[state atheism]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/columnists/elizabeth_wellington/melania-trump-catholic-pope-visit-meaning-20170525.html|title=Melania Trump
As a child, Melanija, like other children of workers at the factory participated in fashion shows that featured children's clothing.{{Sfn|Caroli|2019|p=337}}{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=51}}<ref name="VanityFair">{{Cite web |last=Peretz |first=Evgenia |date=April 21, 2017 |title=Inside the Trump Marriage: Melania's Burden |url=http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/04/donald-melania-trump-marriage |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718230215/http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/04/donald-melania-trump-marriage |archive-date=July 18, 2017 |website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]}}</ref> Textiles were Sevnica's primary industry. Students were excused from school to participate in the shows.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=52–53}} From a young age, Melanija expressed an interest in fashion, and she began customizing and sewing her own clothes.{{Sfn|Caroli|2019|p=336}} She developed a skill for it by watching her mother work.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=52}} Melanija did well in school, where she was appointed school treasurer.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=54}}
When Melanija was a teenager, she moved to a two-story house in Sevnica with her family.<ref>
== Early modeling career ==
=== European career ===
Melania was discovered by Slovenian fashion photographer Stane Jerko when she was sixteen, after modeling in a school-sponsored show.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=54–55}}{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=57–60}} At the time, she had wanted to be a fashion designer rather than a model.<ref name="Ioffe" /> Melania won a modeling contest with the Italian studio [[Cinecittà]] that entitled her to a movie role, but she rejected the prize after a producer sexually propositioned her.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=61–63}} As her modeling career progressed, Melania took on an alternate spelling of her name, Melania Knauss. She traveled Europe to find modeling work.{{Sfn|Caroli|2019|p=338}}{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=63}} Except a few close relatives, she did not maintain contact with anyone she knew in Slovenia.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=25–26}} In 1992, Melania was named [[runner-up]] in the ''Jana Magazine'' [[Elite Model Look|Look of the Year]] contest, which promised its top three contestants an international modeling contract.<ref name="CollinsModel" />{{Sfn|Caroli|2019|p=338}}<ref name="Ioffe">{{cite news |last=Ioffe |first=Julia |date=April 27, 2016 |title=Melania Trump on Her Rise, Her Family Secrets,
Melania spent the following years traveling Europe for modeling jobs, including one in which she portrayed the first female president of the United States in 1993.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=72–73}} Around age 23 or 24, she made Paris her primary residence, where she lived with her roommate [[Victoria Silvstedt]].{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=76–77}} Melania modeled for fashion houses in Paris and Milan, where in 1995 she met Metropolitan Models co-owner [[Paolo Zampolli]], who was on a scouting trip in Europe. Zampolli, a friend of her future husband [[Donald Trump]],<ref name="VanityFair" /> became one of the few people who was involved in Melania's life for a long time.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=83}}
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Zampolli urged Melania to travel to the United States, where he said he would like to represent her.<ref name="VanityFair" /> In 1996, Melania moved to Manhattan.<ref name="VanityFair" /><ref name="Ioffe" /> By this time, she was already 26 years old, much older than most aspiring models.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=59}} Zampolli encouraged Melania to live near and socialize with people in the fashion industry,{{Sfn|Caroli|2019|p=334}} and he arranged for her to share an apartment with photographer Matthew Atanian in [[Zeckendorf Towers]] in [[Union Square, Manhattan|Union Square]].{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=81–82}}<ref name="VanityFair" /> Her rent was taken from her pay with Zampolli's agency.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=63}} Once she resided in the United States, she returned to her home country only sparingly and only for short periods of time.{{Sfn|Caroli|2019|p=335}} She lived a healthy lifestyle, managing her diet carefully,{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=64}} and she avoided the drinking and partying that often consumed the lives of the models around her.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=86–89}} She did not lead an active social life and only went out on rare occasions.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=86–89}}{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=64}} Melania was featured in a sexually explicit photo shoot for a 1997 issue of ''[[Max (French magazine)|Max]]'', a French men's magazine, with another female model. The photos were shot by the photographer Alexandre Ale de Basseville, and the work was unpaid, instead promising Melania exposure in a prominent magazine. The photos were largely forgotten until they were published by the ''[[New York Post]]'' in 2016.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=89–92}}
For her first weeks in the United States, her [[travel visa]] did not allow her to work in the country. Despite this, she accepted ten modeling jobs that earned her approximately $20,000 ({{Inflation|US|20000|1996|fmt=eq|r=-3}}). She then received an [[H-1B visa]] that allowed her to work.{{Sfn|Caroli|2019|p=334}} She received her first major job when she posed for a [[Camel (cigarette)|Camel cigarette]] ad shot by [[Ellen von Unwerth]], which was displayed as a [[Times Square]] billboard and ran in ''[[Rolling Stone]]''. The opportunity came about from a law that required cigarette ads only feature individuals above the age of 25, which excluded most aspiring models.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=95–96}} When her roommate Atanian left New York, Melania moved to an apartment off of [[Park Avenue]].{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=97}}
== Marriage and family ==
=== Meeting Donald Trump ===
[[File:Donald and Melania 1999.jpg|thumb|Donald Trump and Melania Knauss in 1999]]
[[File:Donald and Melania 1999.jpg|thumb|upright|Donald Trump and Melania Knauss in 1999]]In September 1998, Zampolli introduced Melania to the real estate mogul Donald Trump at a party.<ref>{{cite news |last=Horowitz |first=Jason |date=August 31, 2016 |title=When Donald Met Melanie, Paolo Was There |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/01/fashion/donald-trump-melania-modeling-agent-paolo-zampolli-daily-mail.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117190228/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/01/fashion/donald-trump-melania-modeling-agent-paolo-zampolli-daily-mail.html |archive-date=November 17, 2017 |access-date=June 15, 2023 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Donald had a date to the event, [[Celina Midelfart]]. When he asked Melania for her phone number, she refused. Instead, she insisted that he give her his own number. He passed her test when he gave her multiple personal numbers instead of an office number.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=109}}{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=66}} She later said that giving her own number would make her "just one of the women he calls".{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=109}} The exact details of when and where this took place are unclear, though the Kit Kat Club is often described as where they met.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=109–110}}▼
▲
After a week, Melania called Donald and they went on a date.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=66–67}} She intentionally gave him an indifferent attitude to his advances, knowing this would pique his interest.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=112}} Not only was Donald's personality similar to that of Melania's father,{{Sfn|Caroli|2019|p=337}}{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=48}}{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=72}} but they were of similar ages and had similar physical appearances.<ref name="Ioffe" />{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=48}}{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=67, 72}} When they began dating, Melania had access to his book ''[[Trump: The Art of the Comeback]]'', in which he detailed what he wanted from a relationship.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=29–30}}{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=93–94}}
Melania held a press conference on September 8, spending the event recounting her successes and telling reporters that she was "world famous", "among the top 50" highest paid models in the world, and set to appear in a movie alongside [[Mickey Rourke]].{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=99–102}} The intention was to build her profile in anticipation of another, ultimately unsuccessful, cigarette ad campaign.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=106–107}} This was unusual behavior for a woman who typically kept a quiet and professional presence,{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=108}} and reporters were unable to verify the claims she made.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=101, 104–105}} The Trumps have stated that they met at the [[New York Fashion Week]] shortly after this conference,
=== Relationship with Donald Trump ===
Dating Donald brought several benefits for Melania. His fame and connections gave her new career opportunities.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=113}} Melania experienced such a benefit that October when she had the opportunity to meet the [[Kennedy family|Kennedys]] at a gala—their mother [[Jacqueline Kennedy]], who had died shortly before, had been deeply admired by Melania and her mother.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=114}} She encountered many other world famous celebrities while attending events with Donald.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=115, 118–119}}
Melania continued her modeling career after meeting Donald,<ref name="VanityFair" /> though she took fewer jobs as time went on and she dedicated more time to him.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=74}} In 1999, the couple gained attention after an interview with [[shock jock]] [[Howard Stern]] on his show, in which he asked them lewd sexual questions.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=141–144}} Donald often brought Melania to meetings to show her off, praising her beauty. He did not let her participate in the business, citing the conflict he had with his first wife after giving her an executive role.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=199–200}}[[File:Bill Clinton and Donald Trump at the U.S. Open in 2000, Flushing Meadows–Corona Park.jpg|thumb|Melania Knauss with [[Kylie Bax]], Donald Trump, and then-president [[Bill Clinton]] in 2000|left]]Donald announced [[Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign|his candidacy]] for the [[2000 Reform Party presidential primaries|Reform Party presidential nomination]] on October 7, 1999. Melania adamantly supported the move.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=128–129}} When asked by ''[[The New York Times]]'' what her role would be if Donald were to become president, Melania replied: "I would be very traditional, like [[Betty Ford]] or Jackie Kennedy."{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=144–145}} Melania saw extensive media attention as [[Tabloid journalism|tabloids]] considered the idea of a model as [[First Lady of the United States|first lady]].{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=139–140}}
Melania was one of the first models recruited to Donald's modeling agency, [[Trump Model Management]], after its creation in February 1999. The following months, she appeared in several magazines and advertisements organized by individuals close to Donald.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=119–123}} While Donald was organizing his campaign, Melania appeared the February ''[[Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue]]''. The image featured her in a bikini alongside a large inflatable whale, and the shoot was run by [[Antoine Verglas]], an associate of Zampolli's.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=129–130}} Shortly after the shoot, Verglas called Melania back for another project where he had her pose nude in a [[Bond girl]] aesthetic.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=132–135}} Melania later said that she stood
In January 2000, news broke that Melania and Donald had broken up, with conflicting accounts of who ended the relationship. Many photos and publicity pieces the two had done together were quickly edited before publication to accommodate the change.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=151–156}} They kept in contact, and they reunited a few months later.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=80}} Melania received her [[green card]] in 2001, granting her [[permanent residency]] in the United States.{{Sfn|Caroli|2019|p=334}}<ref name="CollinsModel" /> Melania and Donald moved in together at Trump Tower in 2002.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=81}} She made her first appearance on Donald's game show [[The Apprentice (American TV series)|''The Apprentice'']] in April 2004 when an episode had the contestants visit their penthouse.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=83}}
=== Engagement and wedding ===
Donald proposed to Melania on April 26, 2004, on her birthday as they were leaving to attend the [[Met Gala]].{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=86–87}} He reasoned that he was more willing to wed as she had not insisted on marriage, and he felt she was an influence in the success he had seen over the previous years.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=84}} She also signed his [[
Donald and Melania married on January 22, 2005, at the [[Bethesda-by-the-Sea]] church in [[Palm Beach, Florida]].{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=176}} The ceremony was followed by a reception in the [[ballroom]] at Donald's [[Mar-a-Lago]] estate, which Melania planned with Preston Bailey.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=96–97}} Numerous celebrities were present, including musicians, athletes, media executives, and television personalities.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=176–177}} She had one [[bridesmaid]], her sister Ines, who had moved to New York so they could be closer together.{{Sfn|Caroli|2019|p=335}} Melania arranged all of the details of the wedding with her planner. She let Donald make decisions about the event, but she refused his suggestion that the wedding be broadcast on [[NBC]].{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=177–178}}
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Upon marrying Donald, Melania became stepmother to his four children: [[Donald Trump Jr.]], [[Eric Trump]] and [[Ivanka Trump]] from his first marriage to [[Ivana Trump|Ivana Zelníčková]], and [[Tiffany Trump]] from his second marriage to [[Marla Maples]].{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=183}} Melania had especially bonded with Tiffany, who was six when Melania began dating Tiffany's father, and made sure she felt included among her step-siblings.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=73}} When Melania herself became pregnant, it was widely covered in the media.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=110–111}} This included her second appearance on the cover of ''Vogue'', featuring her pregnant body in a bikini and an open coat.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=113–114}} Melania spent the months with her sister and her parents, who visited throughout the pregnancy. She also oversaw the construction of a nursery in Trump Tower.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=112}} She had a [[baby shower]] at the [[FAO Schwarz]] toy store, but she insisted that the toys and gifts she received be donated to a children's hospital.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=114}}
On March 20, 2006, Melania and Donald had a son, [[Barron Trump|Barron William Trump]].{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=183–184}} Melania chose her son's middle name, while Donald chose his first name.<ref name="Schneider1May">{{cite news|first=Karen S.|last=Schneider|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20175764,00.html |title=Billion Dollar Baby: He Has Mom's Eyes, Dad's Lips, His Own Floor in Trump Tower and Doting Parents: Welcome to the World of Barron William Trump|work=People|date=May 1, 2006|access-date=September 7, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925091754/http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20175764,00.html|archive-date=September 25, 2015
Melania stayed out of the public spotlight after she settled into her life as a Trump, excepting occasional charity work and an appearance in an [[Aflac]] commercial.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=125}} She became a citizen of the United States on July 28, 2006.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=186}} She then sponsored her parents using the "[[chain migration]]" immigration process that her husband later repeatedly criticized.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=193–194}}{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=112–113}} Melania and Barron maintain [[Multiple citizenship|dual citizenship]], both in the United States and Slovenia{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=191–192}} Spending most of her time at Trump residences, she rarely kept companions besides her parents and her son.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=214
== Business ventures ==
As her son reached childhood, Melania found herself with more time for other pursuits.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=125–126}} She trademarked her name, Melania, in 2009 as a jewelry brand, which she used to sell less expensive jewelry pieces on [[QVC]].{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=200–201}} She was intentional about not using the Trump name in her branding, correcting reporters who called it Melania Trump.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=126–127}} She drew the designs herself,<ref name="Ioffe" /> which were based on three places where she had lived: New York, Palm Beach, and Paris. Over the following years, she released additional ''Melania'' collections, and they sold out each time.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=126–127}}[[File:Melania Trump 2011.jpg|thumb|Melania Trump in 2011]]▼
[[File:Melania Trump 2011.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|Melania Trump in 2011]]▼
▲As her son reached childhood, Melania found herself with more time for other pursuits.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=125–126}} She trademarked her name, Melania, in 2009 as a jewelry brand, which she used to sell less expensive jewelry pieces on [[QVC]].{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=200–201}} She was intentional about not using the Trump name in her branding, correcting reporters who called it Melania Trump.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=126–127}} She drew the designs herself,<ref name="Ioffe" /> which were based on three places where she had lived: New York, Palm Beach, and Paris. Over the following years, she released additional ''Melania'' collections, and they sold out each time.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=126–127}}
Melania then developed a line of [[caviar]]-infused skincare products under the brand Melania Marks Skincare in 2011.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=204–205}} The brand never launched. It brought about a legal case when the company selling the products, New Sunshine, underwent management changes and voided the contract. The company alleged that one executive had given a [[sweetheart deal]] to the Trumps because he was a family friend. The case was decided in Melania's favor, and the amount to be paid to her was settled out of court.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=207–209}} She had initially sued the company for $50 million in lost revenue.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=128}}
== Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign ==
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=== Media coverage ===
[[File:Melania Trump (8 February 2016).jpg|upright|thumb|Melania Trump in 2016]]An [[attack ad]] against the Trumps was produced by a [[super PAC]] that supported Donald's opponent [[Ted Cruz]] featuring Melania's nude ''GQ'' photo with the caption "Meet Melania Trump. Your next first lady. Or you could support Ted Cruz on Tuesday", intensifying the rivalry between the two candidates in the [[2016 Republican Party presidential primaries]].{{Sfn|Caroli|2019|p=339}}{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=77}}<ref name="Ioffe" /> More nude images of Melania were published on the front page of the ''New York Post'' in July 2016 in a story titled "The Ogle Office". The images did not have a major effect on the campaign, as Melania was seen as the victim, but they were humiliating and she spent the following two months away from the public.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=29–31}}▼
▲
On July 18, 2016, Melania gave [[Melania Trump speech plagiarism controversy|a speech]] at the [[2016 Republican National Convention]]. A controversy emerged after it became apparent that a paragraph of the speech had been plagiarized from [[Michelle Obama]]'s speech at the [[2008 Democratic National Convention]].{{Sfn|Caroli|2019|p=340}}{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=7–8}} When asked about it, Melania said she wrote the speech herself "with as little help as possible".<ref>{{cite news|last=Stump|first=Scott|title=Melania Trump On Convention Speech: 'I Wrote It with as Little Help as Possible'|date=July 19, 2016|work=[[Today (U.S. TV program)|Today]]|url=http://www.today.com/news/melania-trump-convention-speech-i-wrote-it-little-help-possible-t100942|access-date=July 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160719230603/http://www.today.com/news/melania-trump-convention-speech-i-wrote-it-little-help-possible-t100942|archive-date=July 19, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> No one in the Trump campaign had previewed the speech, when political campaigns typically have several people scrutinize such a speech.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=8}} Donald was furious with his staff and felt he had failed Melania, while Melania took the gaffe personally and felt she had failed the campaign.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=11–12}} It was the only major speech she delivered during the campaign.<ref>{{cite news |last=Diamond |first=Jeremy |date=November 10, 2016 |title=America, meet your new first lady |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/09/politics/america-new-first-lady/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120151820/http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/09/politics/america-new-first-lady/ |archive-date=November 20, 2016 |access-date=November 20, 2016 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Two days later, Trump staff writer [[Meredith McIver]] took responsibility, saying there was a misunderstanding when Melania read passages of Obama's speech as examples.{{Sfn|Caroli|2019|p=340}}{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=15–16}} The speech also included a rare statement on her past, describing her family in Slovenia and her early modeling career.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=8}} After giving the speech, Melania stayed out of public view until election day approached.{{Sfn|Elder|Frederick|Burrell|2018|p=110}}▼
▲On July 18, 2016, Melania gave [[Melania Trump speech plagiarism controversy|a speech]] at the [[2016 Republican National Convention]]. A controversy emerged after it became apparent that a paragraph of the speech had been plagiarized from [[Michelle Obama]]'s speech at the [[2008 Democratic National Convention]].{{Sfn|Caroli|2019|p=340}}{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=7–8}} When asked about it, Melania said she wrote the speech herself "with as little help as possible".<ref>{{cite news|last=Stump|first=Scott|title=Melania Trump On Convention Speech: 'I Wrote It with as Little Help as Possible'|date=July 19, 2016|work=[[Today (U.S. TV program)|Today]]|url=http://www.today.com/news/melania-trump-convention-speech-i-wrote-it-little-help-possible-t100942|access-date=July 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160719230603/http://www.today.com/news/melania-trump-convention-speech-i-wrote-it-little-help-possible-t100942|archive-date=July 19, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> No one in the Trump campaign had previewed the speech, when political campaigns typically have several people scrutinize such a speech.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=8}} Donald was furious with his staff and felt he had failed Melania, while Melania took the gaffe personally and felt she had failed the campaign.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=11–12}} It was the only major speech she delivered during the campaign.<ref>{{cite news |last=Diamond |first=Jeremy |date=November 10, 2016 |title=America,
=== Access Hollywood tape ===
On October 7, a month before the election, the [[Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape|Access Hollywood tape]] was leaked. The tape had been recorded in 2005, shortly after their marriage, and it featured audio of Donald making controversial remarks about his treatment of women. Immediately after its release, the campaign's primary concern was Melania's reaction. It took him two hours before he went to see Melania. Upon their meeting, Melania reportedly told him "Now you could lose, you could have blown this for us", and then left the room after he apologized.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=1–3}} In 2024, her husband's former personal counsel [[Michael Cohen (lawyer)|Michael Cohen]] testified during ''[[The People of the State of New York v. Donald J. Trump]]'' trial that Donald had privately credited her as having suggested the campaign's response strategy of characterizing the conversation on the tape as [[wikt:locker room talk|wikt:"''locker room talk''"]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Julia |last=Reinstein |first2=Kendall |last2=Ross |first3=Lucien |last3=Bruggeman |first4=Peter |last4=Charalambous |first5=Aaron |last5=Katersky |authorlink5= Aaron Katersky |first6=Olivia |last6=Rubin |title='Locker
Melania kept her distance from him, angry that he may have ended his candidacy with his comments, and she waited a day before making a comment.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=34–35}} When asked by the campaign to make a scripted appearance alongside Donald as damage control, she refused, deciding that she was going to respond her own way.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=4}} She also refused to sit beside him during his recorded apology as politicians' spouses often did in these situations.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=35}} Melania released a statement saying that the tape did not show "the man I know" and said those who [[Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations|accused him of sexual misconduct]] are liars.{{Sfn|Caroli|2019|p=340}} Melania received significantly more attention from the press following the incident,{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=7}} and she was frustrated by the pity she received.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=4}} A few days later, she attended a [[2016 United States presidential debates|presidential debate]] wearing a [[pussy bow]], causing widespread speculation about her intention (as her husband's comments on the Access Hollywood tape had included, "grab them by the [[pussy]]"–with pussy being [[slang]] for [[vagina]]).{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=32}}{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=7}} After she voted, Melania spent most of election day with her parents in Trump Tower while the rest of the family did last minute campaigning.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=45}}
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=== First lady in Manhattan ===
[[File:Donald Trump and Melania Trump at Liberty Ball Inauguration 2017.jpg|thumb
After [[inauguration of Donald Trump|Donald's inauguration]] as president on January 20, 2017,<ref name=":0" /> Melania announced that she would not move to [[Washington, D.C.]] with him, instead staying in Manhattan so Barron could finish the school year there.{{Sfn|Caroli|2019|p=341}} This also allowed her to introduce her son to the [[White House]] gradually so as not to overwhelm him.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=144}} During this time, Melania negotiated new terms for her prenuptial agreement with Donald to reflect the changes in their lives since it was signed and to ensure that Barron received a suitable inheritance.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=34}}
Melania was the second foreign-born woman to hold the title of first lady after [[Louisa Adams]], who was born in England,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2017-01-23 |title=Melania Trump: Fulfilling the
Melania's absence from the White House caused speculation that her stepdaughter Ivanka would serve as an acting first lady.{{Sfn|Caroli|2019|p=341}}{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=30}}{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=161}} As time went by, members of the administration's staff like her assistant, [[Stephanie Winston Wolkoff]], grew unhappy with Melania's absence, as it gave the impression of marital issues and prevented her from exercising a calming influence over the president.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=34–35}}<ref name=":1" /> She also stoked resentment among many of the people in New York, who predominantly opposed the Trumps, because of the costs and traffic issues caused by the [[United States Secret Service|Secret Service]] presence.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=36}}{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=144–145}} The Secret Service itself also faced logistical issues from the repeated travel to New York. Having a Secret Service detail was not a major adjustment for Melania though, as she had spent years around her husband's security team.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=134}} She was given the [[Secret Service code name]] "Muse" to go along with the president's name "Mogul".{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=137}} Being first lady came with another drawback for Melania, as she was expected to speak on serious topics such as immigration policy and had little control over how her media appearances were handled, which was a different experience than she had as a model.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=37}}[[File:Donald Trump Pope Francis Melania Trump in 2017.jpg|thumb|Melania Trump with Pope Francis, the Vatican, May 2017|left]]
When the Trump administration's [[White House website]] was posted, Melania's biographical information caused controversy because it listed her jewelry business. Though it had already ceased operation, critics alleged that it was an attempt to promote her business with government resources.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=128–129}} Another allegation of attempting to profit from her role as first lady came up in February, when she sued the ''[[Daily Mail]]'' for libel after it alleged in 2016 that she had worked for an [[escort agency]].<ref name="Puente">{{cite news |last=Puente |first=Maria |date=February 7, 2017 |title=Melanie Trump's 'Daily Mail' Lawsuit: A FLOTUS First? |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2017/02/07/melania-trump-daily-mail-libel-lawsuit-first-lady-profit/97590284/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210001804/http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2017/02/07/melania-trump-daily-mail-libel-lawsuit-first-lady-profit/97590284/ |archive-date=February 10, 2017 |access-date=February 10, 2017 |work=USA Today}}</ref> The suit was initially for lost career opportunities, but this was changed to emotional distress when she received questions about why she expected to have career opportunities as first lady.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bennett |first=Kate |date=February 22, 2017 |title=Melania Trump
On March 8, 2017, Melania hosted her first White House event, a luncheon for [[International Women's Day]]. She spoke to an audience of women about her life as a female immigrant and about working towards [[gender equality]] both domestically and abroad, noting the role of education as a tool against [[gender inequality]].<ref>{{cite news |
The first major public attention Melania received was after an incident in May 2017 while the Trumps were visiting Israel. Donald had forgotten that Melania was by his side when he was walking with Prime Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]], and she fell behind from the group. Humiliated, she slapped away his hand when he reached out behind him to grab hers. This was the first time press coverage of Melania took notice of an independent streak.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=257–262}}{{Sfn|Baker|Glasser|2022|p=145}}
=== East Wing staff ===
The lack of staff appointments in the [[East Wing]] during the first months of the Trump administration—typically the domain of the first lady—caused a backlog of tour requests to develop. In February several hires were made for the [[Office of the First Lady of the United States|Office of the First Lady]]: [[Anna Cristina Niceta Lloyd]] as social secretary, [[Lindsay Reynolds]] as the first lady's chief of staff, [[Tham Kannalikham]] as her decorator, Stephanie Winston Wolkoff as the first lady's assistant, and [[Stephanie Grisham]] as communications director.{{Sfn|Caroli|2019|pp=341–342}} Melania retained the head florist appointed by Michelle Obama, [[Hedieh Ghaffarian]].{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=138}} The [[White House Chief Usher|chief usher]] appointed under the [[Obama administration]], [[Angella Reid]], was replaced by [[Trump International Hotel (Washington D.C.)|Trump International Hotel]] employee [[Timothy Harleth]], breaking the norm of the chief usher serving under multiple presidencies.{{Sfn|Caroli|2019|pp=341–342}} Reid had been broadly unpopular with the staff, and the firing earned Melania their goodwill.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=139–140}}
The first lady's staff remained small relative to those of her predecessors.{{Sfn|Caroli|2019|pp=341–342}} This was in part because she did not want to have any employees speaking on her behalf. Instead, she answered her correspondences herself.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=156}} Melania had a reputation in the White House for being "drama-free",{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=251}} and for treating the staff well.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=139}} According to her husband's campaign manager [[Corey Lewandowski]], her staff had "100 percent loyalty to her".{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=243}} Melania had a close, trusting relationship with her staff, and she was protective of them when conflict arose.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=185|pp=185–186}} Before moving in, Melania worked with Kannalikham to redecorate the White House, as first ladies typically do. She had most of the Obama-era decor replaced, and like the Obamas, the Trumps paid for it out of pocket instead of using the allotted funding.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=211–212}}
=== Life in the White House ===
[[File:Juliana Awada and Melania Trump walk along the Colonnade of the White House, April 2017 (cropped).jpg
Melania and her son, Barron, moved into the White House on June 11, 2017.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=44}} Like they had throughout their marriage, Melania and Donald chose to sleep in separate bedrooms.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=208}} In her first year, Melania gave only eight speeches, compared to 74 by Michelle Obama and 42 by [[Laura Bush]].{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=244}} Instead of frequent public appearances, she communicated her activities through video.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=243}} Most of Melania's appearances as first lady in 2017 were in Manhattan and Washington, and she typically spoke about women's and children's issues.{{Sfn|Caroli|2019|p=342}}
After moving to the White House, Melania opted to spend most of her time in the private quarters, running the White House staff from there instead of the first lady's East Wing offices. She oversaw restorations of several rooms in the building, including the bowling alley in the [[White House basement]] and the first lady's hairdresser's room.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=241–242}} She kept one office, called the "swag room" by aides, in which she kept trinkets she collected while she was first lady.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Rogers |first=Katie |date=2024-02-17 |title=How Two First Ladies Weathered a Most Unusual Presidential Transition |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/17/us/politics/how-two-first-ladies-weathered-a-most-unusual-presidential-transition.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227093612/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/17/us/politics/how-two-first-ladies-weathered-a-most-unusual-presidential-transition.html |archive-date=February 27, 2024 |access-date=2024-03-08 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> To accommodate Barron's soccer practice, she had a net installed on the White House grounds and had a coach practice with him.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=255}} Barron remained Melania's top priority when she was first lady, and she worked to keep him free from politics to the point that staffers referred to her as "The Protector".{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=271}} Even after arriving at the White House, Melania spent extensive time away each year, visiting Mar-a-Lago on major holidays and over many weekends.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=156–157}}[[File:White House Christmas 2018 (46060476411).jpg|thumb|Melania Trump examining the 2018 White House Christmas decorations|left]]Melania personally involved herself in decorations and planning within the White House.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=142}} She was particular about how things were designed and arranged whenever events were planned, but she would take on a calm and relaxed demeanor once the event began.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=105}} Whenever a foreign dignitary arrived at the White House, Melania had the [[Blue Room (White House)|Blue Room]] set aside where she ate lunch or drank tea with the dignitary's spouse.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=150}} When choosing which [[White House china|presidential china set]] to use, Melania often chose the [[Clinton administration]] china with its gold embroidery.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=151}} She held events less frequently than her predecessors, with a typical week featuring three or fewer events, all under one hour long.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=157}} Among her most ambitious projects was planning the White House Christmas decorations in 2018. Moving away from traditional designs, she filled the East Collonnade with red cranberry-laden trees set atop a green carpet. The design was widely derided, which Melania ascribed to personal taste.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=142–144}}
To protect use of her image and maintain an income, Melania licensed photos from her photoshoots through [[Getty Images]]. This allowed her to choose how they were used by reporters, and she received royalties for each use. The [[United States Office of Government Ethics|Office of Government Ethics]] reported that she made $100,000 to $1,000,000 in royalties in 2017, though other estimates put it at over $10,000,000.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=130}}
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Melania was openly critical of her husband's [[Trump administration family separation policy|"zero tolerance" policy of denying asylum]] at the [[Mexico–United States border]] in 2018, where children were being separated from their parents. Her official position was that she hated to see families separated and hoped for successful immigration reform.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=259}}{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=176}} Out of public view, she made her opposition clear to the president and influenced his decision to end it.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=3, 176}} Leaked tapes in 2020 featured Melania making statements defending some of the practices, expressing grief about family separation but questioning the validity of [[Asylum in the United States|asylum claims]] and dismissing concerns that children were kept in substandard conditions.<ref name="CNNTapes" />
Melania was upset when her stepdaughter Ivanka began receiving the credit for changing the president's mind on the issue.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|p=178}} Melania decided to visit the border herself, ignoring her husband's worries about keeping media attention on the border and the Secret Service's need of advance notice to plan her trip.{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=178–179}} She arrived at the border on June 21, where she visited the family separation facilities in Texas and attended a [[roundtable]] with doctors, medical staff, social workers, and other experts at Upbring New Hope Children's Shelter.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bennett |first=Kate |title=Melania Trump
=== Be Best campaign ===
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Melania carried out a major reorganization of her staff in April 2020 in anticipation of [[Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign|her husband's reelection campaign]]. She appointed Marcia Lee Kelly as her senior advisor and [[Emma Doyle]] as her policy advisor. Melania's chief of staff, Lindsay Reynolds, was removed; her responsibilities went to Melania's communications director, Stephanie Grisham.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|p=243}} Melania became an active campaigner for her husband during the [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 presidential election]], which was a strong contrast to her 2016 activity.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=276–277}}
When the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] began, Melania was criticized for promoting a White House renovation project. She took the topic more seriously after the [[COVID-19 lockdowns]] began, using her Twitter account to encourage [[Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic|social distancing during the pandemic]] and promote official medical advice. Much of what she posted directly contradicted what her husband posted, as he discouraged many of the recommended practices.{{Sfn|Jordan|2020|pp=279–281}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yuan |first=Jada |date=2020-10-19 |title=Melania Trump
On October 1, 2020, Melania's former advisor Stephanie Winston Wolkoff released audiotapes that featured Melania making profane statements about her image and role as first lady. In the tapes, she condemned the media for not giving her positive coverage, questioned why people wanted her to speak out against her husband when she supported his policies, and expressed frustration with her responsibility to oversee Christmas decorations in the White House. She also mentioned her "I really don't care, do u" jacket in the tapes, admitting that she wore it to irritate [[Liberalism in the United States|liberals]]. Winston Wolkoff had released the tapes alongside a [[tell-all]] book, ''[[Melania and Me]]''.<ref name="CNNTapes">{{cite news |last=Kelly |first=Caroline |date=2 October 2020 |title=Secretly
Despite Donald's loss of the 2020 election,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/election-2020-joe-biden-donald-trump-elections-electoral-college-3e0b852c3cfadf853b08aecbfc3569fa|title=Biden
== After the White House ==
After the Trumps left the White House, Melania returned to Mar-a-Lago, where she could live while avoiding public attention.<ref name=":1" /> She retained one White House advisor, Marcia Lee Kelly, to help her during the post-presidency.<ref name="auto1" /> Melania kept in contact with her successor Jill Biden, and the two have exchanged birthday cards.<ref name=":2" /> Since her tenure as first lady ended, Melania has made occasional paid speaking appearances, she has founded a scholarship program for [[foster children]], and she has minted a line of [[Apollo 11]]
▲After the Trumps left the White House, Melania returned to Mar-a-Lago, where she could live while avoiding public attention.<ref name=":1" /> She retained one White House advisor, Marcia Lee Kelly, to help her during the post-presidency.<ref name="auto1" /> Melania kept in contact with her successor Jill Biden, and the two have exchanged birthday cards.<ref name=":2" /> Since her tenure as first lady ended, Melania has made occasional paid speaking appearances, she has founded a scholarship program for [[foster children]], and she has minted a line of [[Apollo 11]]-themed [[non-fungible tokens]] that were not in compliance with [[NASA]]'s image use policy.<ref name=":1" /> In November 2023, Melania attended the memorial service for former First Lady [[Rosalynn Carter]].<ref>{{Cite news |author=Kristen Holmes |date=2023-11-28 |title=Melania Trump takes her place in the former first ladies club with Rosalynn Carter memorial service appearance |work=CNN.com |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/28/politics/melania-trump-first-lady-rosalynn-carter/index.html |access-date=2024-08-17}}</ref>
Melania remained out of public view during her husband's [[Indictments against Donald Trump|court appearances]] and [[Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign|his candidacy]] in the [[2024 United States presidential election|2024 presidential election]], limiting her campaign events to two fundraisers for the [[Log Cabin Republicans]]. She became more visible in July 2024 by putting out a statement following the [[Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania|attempted assassination of her husband]] and appearing at the [[2024 Republican National Convention]], though she declined an invitation to speak at the event, making her the first candidate's spouse not to speak at the convention since [[Barbara Bush]] began the tradition.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yurow |first=Jeremy |title=Melania Trump
== Public image ==
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Melania has been seen by the American public as the first foreigner first lady. The only other first lady to be born outside of the United States had an American father.{{Sfn|Vidmar Horvat|2021|pp=447–448}} Having a Slovenian-born woman as the American first lady became a point of national pride in Slovenia, and it gave the nation a sense of recognition on the world stage.{{Sfn|Vidmar Horvat|2021|p=448}}{{Sfn|Pušnik|Jontes|2021|pp=464–465}} Melania's hometown Sevnica has developed a small tourist industry around her, and Melania-themed merchandise was common during her tenure as first lady. These items never used Melania's full name, substituting it with "first lady" or "M", as she is protective of her [[personality rights]].{{Sfn|Bennett|2019|pp=49–50}}
During the 2016 presidential election, Melania became the only candidate's spouse since polling began in 1988 to have a
In December 2020, the [[Siena College Research Institute]] released a study surveying scholars and historians on their assessments of American first ladies. It was the fifth such first ladies study that the Institute had conducted since 1982, and the first in which Melania appeared. She was ranked as being the worst of 40 assessed American first ladies,<ref>{{cite web |title=
== Footnotes ==
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* {{Cite book |last1=Elder |first1=Laurel |title=American Presidential Candidate Spouses: The Public's Perspective |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-73879-6 |url-access=subscription |last2=Frederick |first2=Brian |last3=Burrell |first3=Barbara |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2018 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-73879-6 |isbn=978-3-319-73878-9 |author-link3=Barbara Burrell}}
* {{Cite book |last=Jordan |first=Mary |url=https://archive.org/details/artofherdealunto0000jord/ |url-access=registration |title=The Art of Her Deal: The Untold Story of Melania Trump |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-9821-1340-7 |author-link=Mary Jordan (journalist)}}
* {{cite book|last=Požar|first=Bojan|title=Melania Trump – The Inside Story: The Potential First Lady|date=February 18, 2016|publisher=Zalozba Ombo d.o.o. Ljubljana|pages=111–113}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Pušnik |first1=Maruša |last2=Jontes |first2=Dejan|date=2021 |title=Mediji in Spontani Nacionalizem: Primer Melanie Trump |trans-title=Media and Spontaneous Nationalism: The Case of Melania Trump |url=https://www.fdv.uni-lj.si/docs/default-source/tip/mediji-in-spontani-nacionalizem-primer-melanie-trump.pdf |journal=[[Teorija in Praksa]] |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=464–480 |language=sl |doi=10.51936/tip.58.2.464-480 |doi-access=free |issn=0040-3598}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Vidmar Horvat |first=Ksenija |date=2021 |title=Postimperialni Patriarhat In Karnevaleskna Periferija: Melania Trump V Transnacionalni Javnosti |trans-title=Post-Imperial Patriarchy and the Carnivalesque Periphery: Melania Trump Within a Transnational Public |url=https://www.fdv.uni-lj.si/docs/default-source/tip/postimperialni-patriarhat-in-karnevaleskna-periferija-melania-trump-v-transnacionalni-javnosti.pdf |journal=[[Teorija in Praksa]] |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=447–463 |language=sl |doi=10.51936/tip.58.2.447-463 |doi-access=free |issn=0040-3598}}
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