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{{short description|American psychologist (1960–2020)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Scott O. Lilienfeld
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| caption = Lilienfeld at [[CSICon]] 2012
| birth_date = December 23, 1960
| birth_place =
| nationality = American
| death_date = {{death date and age|2020|9|30|1960|12|23}}
| death_place = [[Atlanta]], Georgia
| spouse =
| occupation = professor, [[
| alma_mater = [[University of Minnesota]]
| notable_works = ''[[50 Great Myths of Popular Psychology]]''
| website =
| module = {{Listen|embed=yes|filename=Scott Lilienfeld voice - en.ogg|title=<span align="center">Scott Lilienfeld's voice</span>|type=speech|description=<span align="center">[[:File:Scott Lilienfeld voice - en.ogg|Recorded September 2017]]</span>}}
}}
'''Scott O. Lilienfeld''' (December 23, 1960 – September 30, 2020)<ref name="birth"/> was a professor of [[psychology]] at [[Emory University]] and advocate for [[Evidence-based practice|evidence-based treatments]] and methods within the field.<ref name="SI Bensley">{{cite journal |last1=Bensley |first1=D. Alan |title=The many valuable contributions of Scott O. Lilienfeld, scientist, skeptic, and colleague |journal=Skeptical Inquirer |
==Background==
Lilienfeld was born on December 23, 1960, to Ralph and Thelma Lilienfeld of New York, N.Y.(in the Borough of Queens).<ref name="birth">{{Cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-3481500210.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114224025/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-3481500210.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=
Lilienfeld studied psychology at [[Cornell University]] in Ithaca, New York, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1982.<ref name="Emory University">{{cite web|title=Scott O. Lilienfeld|url=http://www.psychology.emory.edu/clinical/lilienfeld/|website=Emory University|access-date=
In 1986, he began a clinical internship at [[University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic]] in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, which he completed in 1987. He earned a doctorate in clinical psychology from the [[University of Minnesota]] in 1990.<ref name="Center for Inquiry">{{cite web|title=Scott Lilienfeld|url=http://www.centerforinquiry.net/speakers/lilienfeld_scott|website=Center for Inquiry|access-date=
From 1990 to 1994, Lilienfeld was an assistant professor of psychology at [[University at Albany, SUNY|State University of New York]] in Albany, NY. From there, he moved to Emory University and served as associate professor until he earned full professorship in 2000.
In 2002, Lilienfeld founded the ''Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice''.<ref name="Stollznow, Karen" /><ref name="Lilienfeld, Scott (2002)">{{cite journal|last1=Lilienfeld|first1=Scott O.|title=The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice: Our Raison d'Etre|journal=The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice|date=Spring–Summer 2002|volume=1|issue=1|url=http://www.srmhp.org/0101/raison-detre.html|access-date=
Lilienfeld was a professor of psychology at Emory University, Atlanta, GA.<ref name="Stollznow, Karen" /><ref name="Emory University" /> Lilienfeld died of pancreatic cancer at age 59, at his home in Atlanta, on September 30, 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carey |first=Benedict |date=
==Career==
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[[File:Conspiracy Panel at CSICON.jpg|thumb|Conspiracy Panel at [[CSICon]] (Left to right: [[Ted Goertzel]], [[Dave Thomas (skeptic)|Dave Thomas]], Bob Blaskiewicz, and Scott O. Lilienfeld)]]
Lilienfeld, along with his colleague [[Sally Satel]], has dedicated much of his career in psychology to debunking "the pop neuroscience that keeps making headlines".<ref name="Zuger, Abigail (July 2013)">{{cite news|last1=Zuger|first1=Abigail|title=Guides to a Journey into the Brain [Review]|work=The New York Times|issue=Late Edition (East Coast)|date=July 30, 2013|location=New York, N.Y.|page=D.2}}</ref> They target such practices as [[functional magnetic resonance imaging]] (or [[neuroimaging]])<ref name="Satel and Lilienfeld (June 30, 2013)">{{cite news|last1=Satel|first1=Sally|last2=Lilienfeld|first2=Scott O.|title=Observer: New Review: Discover: Is human behavior all in the brain
Scott O. Lilienfeld. (2017). Microaggressions: Strong Claims, Inadequate Evidence. Perspectives on Psychological Science: pp.
| title =The persistence of fad interventions in the face of negative scientific evidence: Facilitated communication for autism as a case example | journal =Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention | date =
Lilienfeld also wrote critically about [[mindfulness]] and its derivates [[mindfulness-based stress reduction]] (MBSR) and [[mindfulness-based cognitive therapy]] (MBCT), calling its evidence "decidedly mixed", although ultimately conceded that evidence supports their usefulness in treating [[major depressive disorder|depression]] and [[anxiety disorder]]s.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lilienfeld|first1=Scott|last2=Arkowitz|first2=Hal|title=Is Mindfulness Good Medicine?|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/is-mindfulness-good-medicine/|access-date=November 17, 2022|newspaper=Scientific American|date=September 1, 2014}}</ref>
During a [[James Randi Educational Foundation]] panel at the 2014 [[Amaz!ng Meeting]], Lilienfeld was asked if he thought [[rationality]] could be taught. He responded that rationality and [[critical thinking]] are not natural to the human species and to some degree it can be taught, but added that they are very domain specific and may not generalise to other areas; a person can be completely rational in one area and very irrational in others. He said "I see science in many ways as a set of safeguards against [[confirmation bias]]", and that, while the structure of general science and the scientific community work to reduce confirmation bias, individual scientists are not generally as susceptible to confirmation bias as other people are. Therefore, he said, "It's up to the scientific community ... to hold their feet to the fire and make sure that their confirmation bias does not get in the way of their corroborating their own hypotheses."<ref name="JREF Rationality Video 2014">{{cite web|title=Can Rationality be Taught?|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ImE6-3GuvhE|website=JREF|publisher=JREF|access-date=August 1, 2015}}</ref>▼
▲During a [[James Randi Educational Foundation]] panel at the 2014 [[Amaz!ng Meeting]], Lilienfeld was asked if he thought [[rationality]] could be taught. He responded that rationality and [[critical thinking]] are not natural to the human species and to some degree it can be taught, but added that they are very domain specific and may not generalise to other areas; a person can be completely rational in one area and very irrational in others. He said "I see science in many ways as a set of safeguards against [[confirmation bias]]", and that, while the structure of general science and the scientific community work to reduce confirmation bias, individual scientists are not generally as susceptible to confirmation bias as other people are. Therefore, he said, "It's up to the scientific community ... to hold their feet to the fire and make sure that their confirmation bias does not get in the way of their corroborating their own hypotheses."<ref name="JREF Rationality Video 2014">{{cite web|title=Can Rationality be Taught?|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ImE6-3GuvhE|website=JREF|
Following Lilienfeld's death, in 2020, the [[Association for Science in Autism Treatment]] published a tribute issue of ''Science in Autism Treatment''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Celiberti |first1=David |title=Celebrating the Diverse Contributions of Dr. Scott Lilienfeld |url=https://asatonline.org/research-treatment/interviews/tributes-to-dr-scott-lilienfeld/?fbclid=IwAR0fWWVnyn9eUh_lNIfrSmvHDdQswASEB2orFqgeXCSll6Fxkavlw_Eobek |website=Association for Science in Autism Treatment |publisher=ASAT |access-date=September 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906125713/https://asatonline.org/research-treatment/interviews/tributes-to-dr-scott-lilienfeld/ |archive-date=September 6, 2021}}</ref> and invited colleagues to reflect on Lilienfeld's legacy. Psychotherapist [[Donald Meichenbaum]] remembered his scholarship and critical-mindedness and his wise insistence on healthy professional self-doubt and self-criticism. From the skeptical community, behavioral scientist [[Stuart Vyse]] pointed out that Lilienfeld, a fellow of the [[Committee for Skeptical Inquiry]], "questioned and poked in all directions looking for the weaknesses of logic or evidence in any belief, while at the same time exhibiting unfailing respect for the people who might hold that belief." Shauna Bowes, a doctoral student at [[Emory University]], emphasized the direct applicability of Lilienfeld's research to individuals' lives and remembered him as a passionate and dedicated teacher.
==''50 Great Myths of Popular Psychology''==
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==Awards and fellowships==
* David Shakow Award for Outstanding Early Career Contributions to Clinical Psychology from the [[American Psychological Association]] Division 12 (1998)
* [[James McKeen Cattell Fellow Award]] (2013)
▲*David Shakow Award for Outstanding Early Career Contributions to Clinical Psychology from the [[American Psychological Association]] Division 12 (1998) <ref name="Center for Inquiry" />
* [[Committee for Skeptical Inquiry]] Fellow,<ref name="Stollznow, Karen" /><ref name="Institute for Science in Medicine" />
* Institute for Science in Medicine Founding Fellow<ref name="Institute for Science in Medicine">{{cite web|title=Scott O. Lilienfeld, PhD|url=http://www.scienceinmedicine.org/fellows/Lilienfeld.html|website=Institute for Science in Medicine|publisher=Institute for Science in Medicine, Inc.|access-date=
* [[Association for Psychological Science]] Fellow
* [[Association for Psychological Science]] establishes the Scott O. Lilienfeld APS Travel Award<ref>{{cite
* The Scott O. Lilienfeld Prize for Scientific Thinking in Clinical Psychology was established in partnership with Cambridge University Press by Dr. Lilienfeld's colleagues Drs. Douglas Berstein, [[Bunmi Olatunji]], and Bethany Teachman. Each year this prize is awarded to one undergraduate from any university course using their textbook, Introduction to Clinical Psychology: Bridging Science and Practice (2020).
==Lectures and appearances==
* ''Skeptical Psychology'' panel discussion with [[Susan Blackmore]], Zbyněk Vybíral, [[Tomasz Witkowski]] and Michael Heap at the 17th [[European Skeptics Congress]] (September 2017).<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gerbic|first1=Susan|author-link=Susan Gerbic|title=Skeptical Adventures in Europe, Part 2|url=https://www.csicop.org/specialarticles/show/skeptical_adventures_in_europe_part_2|website=
* ''Can Rationality Be Taught?'' panel discussion with [[Daniel Dennett]], [[Julia Galef]], [[Barbara Drescher]], [[Ginger Campbell]] at [[The Amaz!ng Meeting]] (July 2014)<ref name="JREF Rationality Video 2014" />
▲*''Skeptical Psychology'' panel discussion with [[Susan Blackmore]], Zbyněk Vybíral, [[Tomasz Witkowski]] and Michael Heap at the 17th [[European Skeptics Congress]] (September 2017).<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gerbic|first1=Susan|author-link=Susan Gerbic|title=Skeptical Adventures in Europe, Part 2|url=https://www.csicop.org/specialarticles/show/skeptical_adventures_in_europe_part_2|website=www.csicop.org|publisher=Committee for skeptical inquiry|access-date=29 April 2018|date=2018-02-09}}</ref>
* ''
* ''
* Speaker at [[CSICon]] 2011 (October 2011)<ref name="Stollznow, Karen (March 2012)">{{cite journal|last1=Stollznow|first1=Karen|author-link=Karen Stollznow|title=CSICon New Orleans 2011
* ''Science, Nonscience, and Nonsense in Psychotherapeutic Practice'', [[Misericordia University]] (March 2009)<ref name="Citizens' Voice (March 2009)">{{cite news|last1=Anonymous|title=School News|work=Citizens' Voice|date=March 18, 2009|location=Wilkes-Barre, PA|page=T.20}}</ref>▼
▲*Speaker at [[CSICon]] 2011 (October 2011)<ref name="Stollznow, Karen (March 2012)">{{cite journal|last1=Stollznow|first1=Karen|author-link=Karen Stollznow|title=CSICon New Orleans 2011 - Critical Thinking in the Crescent City|journal=Skeptical Inquirer|date=March–April 2012|volume=36|issue=2|url=http://www.csicop.org/si/show/csicon_new_orleans_2011_-_critical_thinking_in_the_crescent_city/|access-date=3 August 2015}}</ref>
▲*''Science, Nonscience, and Nonsense in Psychotherapeutic Practice'', [[Misericordia University]] (March 2009)<ref name="Citizens' Voice (March 2009)">{{cite news|last1=Anonymous|title=School News|work=Citizens' Voice|date=March 18, 2009|location=Wilkes-Barre, PA|page=T.20}}</ref>
==Books==
* ''Happiness, and Well-Being: Better Living through Psychological Science'' with Steven J. Lynn and William T. O'Donohue (Sage, 2015)<ref name=birth /> {{ISBN|978-1-452-20317-1}}
* ''The Encyclopedia of Clinical Psychology'' (editor) with Robin L.
* ''Brainwashed: The Seductive Appeal of Mindless Neuroscience'' by [[Sally Satel]], with Scott O. Lilienfeld (Basic Books, 2015) {{ISBN|978-0-465-06291-1}}
* ''Facts and Fictions in Mental Health'' with Hal Arkowitz (Wiley Blackwell, 2015) {{ISBN|978-1-118-31130-1}}
* ''Psychology: Introducing Psychology: Brain, Person, Group'' with Robin S. Rosenberg, Stephen M. Kosslyn, Steven J. Lynn, Laura L. Namy, Nancy J. Woolf (Pearson Custom Library, 2014) {{ISBN|978-1-269-29921-3}}
* ''Science and Pseudoscience in Clinical Psychology'' with Steven Jay Lynn, Jeffrey M. Lohr, Carol Tavris (foreword) (The Guildford Press, 2014) {{ISBN|978-1-462-51789-3}}
* ''Psychology: From Inquiry to Understanding, Science and Pseudoscience in Clinical Psychology'' with Steven J. Lynn (Pearson Custom Library, 2010)<ref name="Citizens' Voice (March 2009)" /><ref name="Center for Inquiry" /> {{ISBN|978-0-205-96118-4}}
* ''50 Great Myths of Popular Psychology: Shattering Widespread Misconceptions about Human Behavior'' with Steven Jay Lynn, John Ruscio, [[Barry Beyerstein]] (Wiley-Blackwell, 2009)<ref name="Center for Inquiry" /><ref name="Institute for Science in Medicine" /> {{ISBN|978-1-405-13112-4}}
* ''Psychological Science in the Courtroom: Consensus and Controversy'' (editor) with Jennifer L. Skeem and Kevin S. Douglas (Guilford, 2009) <ref name="Institute for Science in Medicine" /> {{ISBN|978-1-606-23251-4}}
* ''Psychology: A Framework for Everyday Thinking'' with Steven J. Lynn, Laura L. Namy, Nancy J. Woolf (Pearson, 2009) {{ISBN|978-0-205-65048-4}}
* ''Study Guide for Psychology: A Framework for Everyday Thinking'' with Steven J. Lynn, Laura L. Namy, Nancy J. Woolf (Pearson, 2009) {{ISBN|978-0-205-75717-6}}
* ''Navigating the Mindfield: A Guide to Separating Science from Pseudoscience in Mental Health'' with John Ruscio, Steven J. Lynn (Prometheus Books, 2008)<ref name="Citizens' Voice (March 2009)" /> {{ISBN|978-1-591-02467-5}}
* ''The Great Ideas of Clinical Science: 17 Principles that Every Mental Health Professional Should Understand'' with William T. O'Donohue (Routledge, 2006) <ref name="Institute for Science in Medicine" /> {{ISBN|978-0-415-95038-1}}
* ''What's Wrong with the Rorschach? Science Confronts the Controversial Inkblot Test'' with James M. Wood, M. Teresa Nezworski and Howard N. Garb (Jossey-Bass, 2003)
* ''Science and Pseudoscience in Clinical Psychology'' (editor) with Steven Jay Lynn and Jeffrey M. Lohr (Guildford, 2002)
* ''Looking into Abnormal Psychology: Contemporary Readings'' (Wadsworth Publishing, 1998)<ref name="Institute for Science in Medicine" /> {{ISBN|978-0-534-35416-9}}
* ''Seeing Both Sides: Classic Controversies in Abnormal Psychology'' (Psychology Series) (Wadsworth Publishing, 1994)<ref name="Institute for Science in Medicine" /> {{ISBN|978-0-534-25134-5}}
==Selected articles==
* "The Ethical Duty to Know: Facilitated Communication for Autism as a Tragic Case Example" (March
* "Would the world be better off without religion? A skeptic’s guide to the debate" with Rachel Ammirati (July/August 2014)<ref name="Lilienfeld and Ammirati (July/August, 2014)"
* "The 'immature teen brain' defense and the Dzhokhar Tsarnaev trial" with Sally Satel (May 2015)<ref name="Satel and Lilienfeld (May 7, 2015)">{{cite news|last1=Satel|first1=Sally|last2=Lilienfeld|first2=Scott O.|title=The 'immature teen brain' defense and the Dzhokhar Tsarnaev trial|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2015/05/07/the-immature-teen-brain-defense-and-the-dzhokhar-tsarnaev-trial/|access-date=
* "The adolescent brain defense: The Tsarnaev death sentence and beyond" with Sally Satel (May 2015)<ref name="Satel and Lilienfeld (May 18, 2015)">{{cite news|last1=Satel|first1=Sally|last2=Lilienfeld|first2=Scott O.|title=The adolescent brain defense: The Tsarnaev death sentence and beyond|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2015/05/18/the-adolescent-brain-defense-the-tsarnaev-death-sentence-and-beyond/|access-date=
* "Science debunks fad autism theories, but that doesn't dissuade believers" (March 2015)<ref name="Lilienfeld, Scott (March 2015)">{{cite web|last1=Lilienfeld|first1=Scott O.|title=Science debunks fad autism theories, but that doesn't dissuade believers|url=http://theconversation.com/science-debunks-fad-autism-theories-but-that-doesnt-dissuade-believers-38270|website=The Conversation|publisher=The Conversation US, Inc.|access-date=
* "EMDR: Taking a closer look" with Hal Arkowitz (December 2007)<ref name="Lilienfeld and Arkowitz (December 6, 2007)">{{cite journal|last1=Lilienfeld|first1=Scott O.|last2=Arkowitz|first2=Hal|title=EMDR: Taking a closer look|journal=Scientific American |date=December 6, 2007|volume=17|issue=4|pages=10–11|doi=10.1038/scientificamerican1207-10sp}}</ref>
* "Is there really an autism epidemic?" with Hal Arkowitz (December
* "Why scientists shouldn't be surprised by the popularity of intelligent design" (May/June 2006)<ref name="Lilienfeld, Scott O. (May 2006)">{{cite journal|last1=Lilienfeld|first1=Scott O.|title=Why Scientists Shouldn't Be Surprised by the Popularity of Intelligent Design|journal=Skeptical Inquirer|date=May–June 2006|volume=30|issue=3|url=http://www.csicop.org/si/show/why_scientists_shouldnt_be_surprised/|access-date=
* "The scientific status of projective techniques" with James M. Wood and Howard N. Garb (November 2000).<ref>Lilienfeld, Scott O., Wood, James M., and Garb, Howard N. (November
==References==
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==External links==
* [http://psychology.emory.edu/home/people/faculty/lilienfeld-scott.html Faculty page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000149/http://psychology.emory.edu/home/people/faculty/lilienfeld-scott.html |date=August 19, 2016 }} at [[Emory University]]
* {{Google Scholar id|McDqyssAAAAJ}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:State University of New York faculty]]
[[Category:Cornell University alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century American psychologists]]
[[Category:Emory University faculty]]
[[Category:Writers from Georgia (U.S. state)]]
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[[Category:American skeptics]]
[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]
[[Category:Deaths from pancreatic cancer in Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:
[[Category:James McKeen Cattell Fellow Award recipients]]
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