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{{Other uses}}
{{Infobox Flag
| Name =
| Noborder =
| Article =
| Image = File:White flag of surrender.svg
| Use = 101001
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| author = [[Hague Convention of 1899]]
| title = Laws of War :
Laws and Customs of War on Land (Hague II); July 29, 1899<br />Annex to the Convention
| source = Section II, Chapter III, Article 32
}}
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===Origin===
==== First mentions before widespread, Early Imperial China and Roman Empire ====
The first mention of the usage of white flags to surrender is made during the [[Eastern Han]] dynasty (
==== Widespread adoption in the Middle Ages, the Capet Dynasty ====
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During the [[Middle Ages]] and in a political environment centered on oaths, participating in another lord's banner or standard signified changing allegiance and loyalty. Thus, armies would waive the banner of the opposite side to signal surrender.
The French [[Capetian dynasty]] utilized a prominent white banner during this period, referred to at the time as the [[oriflamme]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr_orif.html|title=Kingdom of France: The oriflamme (Middle Ages)|website=www.crwflags.com}}</ref> As head of House Capet, [[Philip II of France|Philip II]] adopted a single white flag as the family's emblem, still closely identified with the [[Kings of France]] for several generations. "Its very name - a derivation of 'golden flame' - shows that it was intended from its inception to represent the French crown".<ref>This quote lacks provenance. Marc Morris (2015) nowhere discusses the oriflamme, and Gillingham, J. (2004). Richard I (New Haven, US: Yale University Press, 2004), p. 60, previously cited, is a duff reference.</ref>
This meaning is affirmed a few years later during a subsequent conflict between the French monarchy and the English throne. At the siege of [[Fréteval]] castle in 1194, the English knights defending the castle "came clad in white tunics, barefoot, holding up white cloths" to King Philip and his invading army to indicate their surrender.<ref>Power, D. (2004). The Norman Frontier in the Twelfth and Early Thirteenth Centuries. [[Cambridge]], UK: Cambridge University Press, p. 505.</ref> The color white, synonymous with the royal Capet flag, demonstrated the way medieval visual symbolism intertwined with feudal expressions of submission and dominance.
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==See also==
* [[Chamade]], a musical equivalent of a flag of truce
* [[White Flag (band)]]
* [[White Flag (Dido song)|"White Flag" (Dido song)]]
* "[[White flags over Port Stanley]]"
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