Adolphus Frederick V
Adolphus Frederick V (German: Adolf Friedrich V; 22 July 1848 – 11 June 1914) was reigning grand duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz from 1904 to 1914.
| Adolphus Frederick V | |||||
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| Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz | |||||
| Reign | 30 May 1904 – 11 June 1914 | ||||
| Predecessor | Frederick William | ||||
| Successor | Adolf Frederick VI | ||||
| Born | 22 July 1848 Neustrelitz, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Germany | ||||
| Died | 11 June 1914 (aged 65) Berlin, Brandenburg, Prussia, Germany | ||||
| Burial | 16 June 1914 Mirow, Mecklenburg-Strelitz | ||||
| Spouse | |||||
| Issue | Marie, Princess Julius Ernst of Lippe Jutta, Crown Princess of Montenegro Adolphus Frederick VI, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Duke Karl Borwin | ||||
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| House | Mecklenburg-Strelitz | ||||
| Father | Frederick William, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz | ||||
| Mother | Augusta of Cambridge | ||||
Biography
editDuke George Adolphus Frederick Augustus Victor Ernest Adalbert Gustavus William Wellington of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was born in Neustrelitz, the only surviving child of Frederick William, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg, and Princess Augusta of Cambridge. Following the death of his grandfather Grand Duke George on 6 September 1860, Adolphus Frederick became the heir apparent to the grand duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz with the title of Hereditary Grand Duke. Adolphus Frederick took part in the Franco-Prussian war and represented his father at the proclamation of King William I of Prussia as German Emperor at Versailles. He succeeded his father as grand duke on 30 May 1904.[1]
His mother, Grand Duchess Augusta, was disgusted at her son's military ways. She wrote to her niece, Mary of Teck, "Strelitz that was never a Military State, suddenly is all drums and fifes, ... such a pity, a bad imitation of Schwerin & small German Courts, whilst we were a Gentlemanlike Civilian court!" [2]
In 1907 Adolphus Frederick announced that he would grant Mecklenburg-Strelitz a constitution, but this was met with opposition from nobles. In his attempt to create a constitution he offered to pay $2,500,000 to the national treasury if the nobles and land-owning classes dropped their opposition.[3] In 1912 he repeated attempts to create a constitution for Mecklenburg-Strelitz, which along with Mecklenburg-Schwerin were the only European states without one.[4]
In January 1914, Adolphus Frederick was reported to be the second richest person in Germany after the Emperor William II with a fortune of $88,750,000.[5]
Adolphus Frederick died in Berlin and was succeeded by his eldest son Adolphus Frederick VI.[5]
Marriage and children
editAdolphus Frederick was married on 17 April 1877 in Dessau to Elisabeth of Anhalt. His mother commented on his wife, "She welters in happiness at her luxurious "Schloss" wearing a new Paris dress daily, Diamonds, also, when we are quite entre nous - Yes, she does enjoy being a Grand Duchess! poor dear, I am glad she does, for I never did."[citation needed]
Adolphus Frederick and Elisabeth had four children.[1]
- Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1878–1948) married 22 June 1899 and divorced 31 December 1908 Count George Jametel (1859–1944), married secondly on 11 August 1914 Prince Julius Ernst of Lippe (1873–1952).
- Duchess Jutta of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1880–1946) married 27 July 1899 Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro.
- Adolphus Frederick VI, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1882–1918).
- Duke Karl Borwin of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Karl Borwin Christian Alexander Arthur, Herzog von Mecklenburg-Strelitz;[6] 10 October 1888 – 24 August 1908); killed in a duel with his brother-in-law Count George Jametel, defending his sister's honor.[7]
Honours
editHe received the following orders and decorations:[8]
Mecklenburg:
- Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown, with Crown in Ore, 17 October 1865;[9] Joint Grand Master with Collar, 30 May 1904
- Grand Cross of the Griffon (Schwerin)
- Memorial Medal for Grand Duke Friedrich Franz III (Schwerin)
- Military Merit Cross (Schwerin)
- Cross for Distinction in War (Strelitz)
- Military Service Cross (Strelitz)
Anhalt: Grand Cross of the Order of Albert the Bear, 22 May 1866[10]
Baden:[11]
- Knight of the House Order of Fidelity, 1889
- Knight of the Order of Berthold the First, 1889
Bavaria: Knight of St. Hubert, 1905[12]
Brunswick: Grand Cross of the Order of Henry the Lion, 1867[13]
Ernestine duchies: Grand Cross of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order, 1877[14]
Saxony: Knight of the Rue Crown, 1873[15]
Hesse and by Rhine:[16]
- Grand Cross of the Ludwig Order, 25 April 1877
- Knight of the Golden Lion, 18 June 1882
Oldenburg: Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig, with Collar and Golden Crown
Prussia:
- Iron Cross (1870), 2nd Class on Black Band[17]
- Knight of the Black Eagle, 7 December 1876; with Collar, 1877[18]
- Grand Commander's Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern, 23 February 1893[19]
- Grand Cross of the Red Eagle
- Knight of Justice of the Johanniter Order
- War Commemorative Medal of 1870/71
Hohenzollern: Cross of Honour of the Princely House Order of Hohenzollern, 1st Class
Hanoverian Royal Family: Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order
Schaumburg-Lippe: Military Merit Medal
Württemberg: Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown, 1891[20]
Denmark: Knight of the Elephant, 19 August 1904[21]
Montenegro:
- Knight of St. Peter of Cetinje
- Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Danilo I
Romania: Grand Cross of the Star of Romania
Russia:
- Knight of St. George, 4th Class, July 1874[22]
- Knight of St. Andrew, 1891
- Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky
- Knight of the White Eagle
- Knight of St. Anna, 1st Class
- Knight of St. Stanislaus, 1st Class
United Kingdom:
- Honorary Grand Cross of the Bath (civil), 17 April 1877[23]
- Knight of the Garter, 19 June 1911[24]
Ancestry
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References
edit- ^ a b Lines of Succession by Jiri Louda, p.219 Table III
- ^ Queen Mary by James Pope-Hennessy, pp.91-92
- ^ "German Grand Duke dead" (PDF). The New York Times. 1914-06-12. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
- ^ "Will adopt constitution" (PDF). The New York Times. 1912-12-21. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
- ^ a b "Kaiser richest German" (PDF). The New York Times. 1914-01-25. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
- ^ The Peerage – Karl Borwin
- ^ Erstling, Frank; Frank Saß; Eberhard Schulze (April 2001). "Das Fürstenhaus von Mecklenburg-Strelitz". Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Beiträge zur Geschichte einer Region (in German). Friedland: Steffen. p. 184. ISBN 3-9807532-0-4.
- ^ "Großherzogliches Haus". Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Mecklenburg-Strelitz: 1914 (in German). Neustrelitz: Druck und Debit der Buchdruckerei von G. F. Spalding und Sohn. 1914. p. 3.
- ^ "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen". Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Mecklenburg-Strelitz: 1878 (in German). Neustrelitz: Druck und Debit der Buchdruckerei von G. F. Spalding und Sohn. 1878. p. 11.
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Herzogtum Anhalt (1867) "Herzoglicher Haus-orden Albrecht des Bären" p. 18
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1896), "Großherzogliche Orden" pp. 63, 77
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Bayern (1906), "Königliche Orden" p. 8
- ^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig für 1905. Braunschweig 1905. Meyer. p. 11
- ^ Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha (1884), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. 32
- ^ Sachsen (1901). "Königlich Orden". Staatshandbuch für den Königreich Sachsen: 1901. Dresden: Heinrich. p. 4 – via hathitrust.org.
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Hessen (1883), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" pp. 14, 45
- ^ "Eisernes Kreuz von 1870", Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (in German), vol. 3, Berlin: Gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei, 1877, p. 47 – via hathitrust.org
- ^ "Schwarzer Adler-orden", Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (in German), vol. 1, Berlin, 1886, p. 8 – via hathitrust.org
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Königlicher Haus-orden von Hohenzollern", Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (supp.) (in German), vol. 1, Berlin, 1886, p. 100 – via hathitrust.org
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1907), "Königliche Orden" p. 29
- ^ Jørgen Pedersen (2009). Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009 (in Danish). Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 329. ISBN 978-87-7674-434-2.
- ^ V. M. Shabanov (2004). Military Order of the Holy Great Martyr and Victorious George: A Nominal List, 1769-1920. Moscow. ISBN 5-89577-059-2.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) The Knights of England, I, London, p. 210
- ^ "The London Gazette, Issue: 28505 Page: 4587" (PDF). The London Gazette. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
Books
edit- Louda, Jiri; Michael Maclagan (1981). Lines of Succession. London: Orbis Publishing. ISBN 0-85613-276-4.
- Finestone, Jeffrey; Robert Massie (introduction) (1981). The Last Courts of Europe. London: J M Dent & Sons Ltd. ISBN 0-460-04519-9.
- Pope-Hennessey, James (2000). Queen Mary. London: Phoenix Press. ISBN I 84212 032 8.