U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team was a United States–based professional road bicycle racing team. On June 15, 2004, the Discovery Channel signed a deal to become sponsor of the team for the 2004–2007 seasons and its name changed to Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team (UCI team code: DSC). From 2005 until 2007, the team was one of the 20 teams that competed in the new UCI ProTour. As part of the sponsorship deal, Lance Armstrong, the team's undisputed leader, provided on-air appearances for the Discovery Networks TV channels. The deal did not affect the rights of secondary sponsor OLN, later known as NBCSN in the US, to air major cycling events such as the Tour de France, although the two channels are competitors.
 | ||
| Team information | ||
|---|---|---|
| UCI code | DSC | |
| Registered | United States | |
| Founded | 1988 | |
| Disbanded | 2007 | |
| Discipline(s) | Road | |
| Status | UCI ProTeam (2005–2007) | |
| Key personnel | ||
| General manager | Bill Stapleton | |
| Team manager(s) | Johan Bruyneel | |
| Team name history | ||
1988–1989 1992–1994 1995 1996–2003 2004 2005–2007 | Sunkyong (Amateur) Subaru–Montgomery Montgomery–Bell U.S. Postal Service U.S. Postal Service–Discovery Channel Discovery Channel | |
| ||
The team was directed by Belgian Johan Bruyneel, who also managed U.S. Postal. The chief mechanic was Julien DeVries. The team was co-owned by Tailwind Sports Corp. of San Francisco and Capital Sports & Entertainment of Austin, Texas. On February 10, 2007, Discovery Channel announced that it would not renew its sponsorship of the team at the end of the 2007 season.[1] On August 10, 2007, the cycling team announced that it would not search for a new sponsor, but cease operations and disband at the end of the 2007 season.[2]
In October 2012 USADA released a report saying that the team had run "the most sophisticated, professionalised and successful doping programme the sport has ever seen".[3] The report contained affidavits from eleven riders on the team including Frankie Andreu, Tyler Hamilton, George Hincapie, Floyd Landis, Levi Leipheimer, and others, describing their own usage of erythropoietin (EPO), blood transfusion, testosterone, and other banned practices during the Tour de France and other races. They also implicated seven-time Tour winner, Lance Armstrong.[4] On October 22, 2012, the UCI upheld the USADA's recommendation to strip Armstrong of all results since August 1, 1998, and ban him from cycling for life.[5] In February 2013, the US government joined Landis' False Claims Act lawsuit against Armstrong, alleging that Armstrong had defrauded the US Postal Service of sponsorship funds by violating cycling rules by using performance-enhancing drugs while riding for the team.[6]
Team rosters
editFinal season
editOn August 10, 2007, Tailwind Sports announced the end of the Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team. Tailwind officials stopped their search for a new title sponsor for the Discovery team, citing the current tumultuous conditions within the sport of cycling. [7] Team operations continued until the end of the 2007 season.
After the 2007 season Johan Bruyneel went to rebuild Team Astana for the 2008 season. He brought with him much of Discovery's personnel, such as riders Alberto Contador, Levi Leipheimer, Yaroslav Popovych, Tomas Vaitkus, and coach Sean Yates.
The 2007 U.S. national road champion George Hincapie signed a contract for the 2008 season Team High Road, later known as Team HTC–Columbia, run by the American Bob Stapleton.[8]
Final squad (2007)
editAs of April 30, 2007.[9] Ages are from August 10, 2007.
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Former members of Discovery Channel
edit| Name | Nationality | Years |
|---|---|---|
| Lance Armstrong |  United States
|
2005 |
| José Azevedo |  Portugal
|
2005–2006 |
| Michael Barry |  Canada
|
2005–2006 |
| Ivan Basso |  Italy
|
2007 |
| Manuel Beltrán |  Spain
|
2005–2006 |
| Michael Creed | United States
|
2005 |
| Antonio Cruz | United States
|
2005 |
| Viatcheslav Ekimov |  Russia
|
2005–2006 |
| Roger Hammond |  United Kingdom
|
2005–2006 |
| Ryder Hesjedal | Canada
|
2005 |
| George Hincapie | United States
|
2005–2007 |
| Leif Hoste |  Belgium
|
2005–2006 |
| Benoît Joachim |  Luxembourg
|
2005–2006 |
| Jonathan Patrick McCarty | United States
|
2005 |
| Gennady Mikhaylov | Russia
|
2005–2006 |
| Hayden Roulston |  New Zealand
|
2005 |
| Paolo Savoldelli | Italy
|
2005–2006 |
| Jurgen Van den Broeck | Belgium
|
2005–2006 |
| Max van Heeswijk |  Netherlands
|
2005–2006 |
Former members of U.S. Postal
edit| Name | Nationality | Years |
|---|---|---|
| Lance Armstrong | United States
|
1998–2004 |
| Benoît Joachim | Luxembourg
|
1999–2004 |
| Frankie Andreu | United States
|
1998–2000 |
| José Azevedo | Portugal
|
2004 |
| Dariusz Baranowski |  Poland
|
1998 |
| Michael Barry | Canada
|
2002–2004 |
| Tom Boonen | Belgium
|
2000–2002 |
| Jamie Burrow | United Kingdom
|
2000 |
| Dylan Casey | United States
|
1999–2002 |
| David Clinger | United States
|
2002 |
| Michael Creed | United States
|
2004 |
| Antonio Cruz | United States
|
2001–2004 |
| Julian Dean | New Zealand
|
1999–2000 |
| Pascal Deramé |  France
|
1998–1999 |
| Viatcheslav Ekimov | Russia
|
1997–1998, 2000–2004 |
| David George |  South Africa
|
1999–2000 |
| Chad Gerlach | United States
|
1996 |
| Eddy Gragus | United States
|
1995–1997 |
| Tyler Hamilton | United States
|
1996–2000 |
| Andrew Hampsten | United States
|
1996 |
| Roberto Heras | Spain
|
2001–2003 |
| Ryder Hesjedal | Canada
|
2004 |
| George Hincapie | United States
|
1997–2004 |
| Frank Høj |  Denmark
|
1999 |
| Marty Jemison | United States
|
1998–1999 |
| Patrick Jonker |  Australia
|
2000 |
| Steffen Kjærgaard |  Norway
|
2000–2003 |
| Damon Kluck | United States
|
2003 |
| Kenny Labbé | United States
|
2000–2004 |
| Floyd Landis | United States
|
2002–2004 |
| Juan Llaneras Rosello | Spain
|
1998 |
| Levi Leipheimer | United States
|
2000–2001 |
| Kevin Livingston | United States
|
1999–2000 |
| Glenn Magnusson |  Sweden
|
1999 |
| Chann McRae | United States
|
2002 |
| Peter Meinert-Nielsen | Denmark
|
1998–1999 |
| Gianpaolo Mondini | Italy
|
2002 |
| Kirk O'Bee | United States
|
2000 |
| Víctor Hugo Peña |  Colombia
|
2001–2004 |
| Daniel Rincón | Colombia
|
2004 |
| Jean-Cyril Robin | France
|
1997–1998 |
| Sven Teutenberg |  Germany
|
1998 |
| Christian Vande Velde | United States
|
1998–2003 |
| Jonathan Vaughters | United States
|
1998–1999 |
| Cédric Vasseur | France
|
2000 |
| Stive Vermaut | Belgium
|
2000 |
| Robbie Ventura | United States
|
2003–2004 |
| Anton Villatoro |  Guatemala
|
1996–1998 |
| Matt White | Australia
|
2001–2003 |
| Dave Zabriskie | United States
|
2003–2004 |
Notable wins
edit2005 results
edit| Date | Race | Location | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | Team Classification, Hervis Tour of Austria |  Austria |
Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team |
| 2005-02-27 | Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne | Belgium |
George Hincapie |
| 2005–04 | Overall, Tour of Georgia | United States |
Tom Danielson |
| 2005-05-19 | Stage 11, Giro d'Italia | Italy |
Paolo Savoldelli |
| 2005-05-22 | Overall, Volta a Catalunya | Spain |
Yaroslav Popovych |
| 2005-05-29 | General Classification, Giro d'Italia  |
Italy |
Paolo Savoldelli |
| 2005-06-05 | Prologue, Dauphiné Libéré | France |
George Hincapie |
| 2005-06-12 | Points Classification, Dauphiné Libéré  |
France |
Lance Armstrong |
| 2005-06-12 | Team Classification, Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré | France |
Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team |
| 2005-06-12 | Stage 7, Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré | France |
George Hincapie |
| 2005-07-05 | Stage 4 (TTT) Speed record,[11] Tour de France | France |
Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team |
| 2005-07-17 | Stage 15, Tour de France | France |
George Hincapie |
| 2005-07-20 | Stage 17, Tour de France | France |
Paolo Savoldelli |
| 2005-07-24 | Best Young Rider Classification, Tour de France  |
France |
Yaroslav Popovych |
| 2005-08-04 | Stage 1, Eneco Tour of Benelux | Netherlands |
Max van Heeswijk |
| 2005-08-08 | Stage 5 Eneco Tour of Benelux | Belgium |
Max van Heeswijk |
| 2005-08-28 | GP Ouest-France | France |
George Hincapie |
| 2005-09-02 | Stage 6, Vuelta a España | Spain |
Max van Heeswijk |
2006 results
edit| Date | Race | Location | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | United Kingdom National Cyclo-Cross Championship |
United Kingdom |
Roger Hammond |
| 2006-02-21 | Stage 2, Tour of California | United States |
George Hincapie |
| 2006-02-26 | Stage 5, Tour of California | United States |
George Hincapie |
| 2006-03-28 | Stage 1, Three Days of De Panne | Belgium |
Leif Hoste |
| 2006-03-30 | Stage 4, Three Days of De Panne | Belgium |
Leif Hoste |
| 2006-03-30 | KOM, Three Days of De Panne | Belgium |
Leif Hoste |
| 2006-03-30 | Overall, Three Days of De Panne | Belgium |
Leif Hoste |
| 2006-04-25 | Prologue, Tour de Romandie | France |
Paolo Savoldelli |
| 2006-05-06 | Prologue, Giro d'Italia | Italy |
Paolo Savoldelli |
| 2006-05-28 | Combination Classification (Maglia Blu), Giro d'Italia | Italy |
Paolo Savoldelli |
| 2006-06-11 |  Japan National Time Trial Cycling Championship |
Japan |
Fumiyuki Beppu |
| 2006-07-03 | yellow jersey as leader of the general classification after stage 1, Tour de France  |
France |
George Hincapie |
| 2006-07-09 | Overall, Tour of Austria | Austria |
Tom Danielson |
| 2006-07-14 | Stage 12, Tour de France | France |
Yaroslav Popovych |
| 2006-07-23 | Overall, Sachsen Tour International | Germany |
Vladimir Gusev |
| 2006-08-01 | Prologue, Deutschland Tour | Germany |
Vladimir Gusev |
| 2006-08-09 | Best Young Rider, Deutschland Tour | Germany |
Vladimir Gusev |
| 2006-08-20 | Stage 4 (ITT), Eneco Tour of Benelux | Netherlands |
George Hincapie |
| 2006-08-27 | Belgium National Time Trial Cycling Championship  |
Belgium |
Leif Hoste |
| 2006-09-02 | United States National Road Race Cycling Championship |
United States |
George Hincapie |
| 2006-09-04 | Stage 1, Tour de Pologne | Poland |
Max van Heeswijk |
| 2006-09-06 | Stage 11, Vuelta a España | Spain |
Egoi Martínez |
| 2006-09-13 | Stage 17, Vuelta a España | Spain |
Tom Danielson |
| 2006-09-17 | King of the Mountains, Vuelta a España  |
Spain |
Egoi Martínez |
| 2006-09-17 | Team Classification, Vuelta a España | Spain |
Discovery Channel |
| 2006 | Japan National Road Race Cycling Championship |
Japan |
Fumiyuki Beppu |
2007 results
edit| Date | Race | Location | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007-02-15 | Metas Volantes, 2007 Vuelta a Mallorca | Spain |
Tomas Vaitkus |
| 2007-02-18 | Prologue, 2007 Tour of California | United States |
Levi Leipheimer |
| 2007-02-23 | Stage 5 (ITT), 2007 Tour of California | United States |
Levi Leipheimer |
| 2007-02-25 | Overall, 2007 Tour of California | United States |
Levi Leipheimer |
| 2007-03-02 | Stage 4, 2007 Vuelta a la Comunidad Valenciana | Spain |
Alberto Contador |
| 2007-03-15 | Stage 4, 2007 Paris–Nice | France |
Alberto Contador |
| 2007-03-16 | Stage 5, 2007 Paris–Nice | France |
Yaroslav Popovych |
| 2007-03-18 | Stage 7, 2007 Paris–Nice | France |
Alberto Contador |
| 2007-03-18 | Best Young Rider, 2007 Paris–Nice | France |
Alberto Contador |
| 2007-03-18 | Overall, 2007 Paris–Nice | France |
Alberto Contador |
| 2007-03-29 | Stage 4, 2007 Vuelta Ciclista a Castilla y León | Spain |
Alberto Contador |
| 2007-03-30 | Spanish Rider Classification, 2007 Vuelta Ciclista a Castilla y León | Spain |
Alberto Contador |
| 2007-03-30 | Combination Classification, 2007 Vuelta Ciclista a Castilla y León | Spain |
Alberto Contador |
| 2007-03-30 | Overall, 2007 Vuelta Ciclista a Castilla y León | Spain |
Alberto Contador |
| 2007-04-05 | Stage 4 (ITT), 2007 Three Days of De Panne | Belgium |
Stijn Devolder |
| 2007-04-18 | Stage 3, 2007 Tour de Georgia | United States |
Gianni Meersman |
| 2007-04-19 | Stage 4 (ITT), 2007 Tour de Georgia | United States |
Levi Leipheimer |
| 2007-04-20 | Stage 5, 2007 Tour de Georgia | United States |
Levi Leipheimer |
| 2007-04-22 | Team Classification, 2007 Tour de Georgia | United States |
Discovery Channel |
| 2007-04-22 | Best Young Rider, 2007 Tour de Georgia | United States |
Janez Brajkovič |
| 2007-04-22 | Overall, 2007 Tour de Georgia | United States |
Janez Brajkovič |
| 2007-05-23 | Stage 3, 2007 Volta a Catalunya | Spain |
Allan Davis |
| 2007-06-01 | Stage 3 (ITT), 2007 Tour of Belgium | Belgium |
Vladimir Gusev |
| 2007-06-03 | Overall, 2007 Tour of Belgium | Belgium |
Vladimir Gusev |
| 2007-06-21 | Stage 6, 2007 Tour de Suisse |  Switzerland |
Vladimir Gusev |
| 2007-06-24 | Mountains Classification, 2007 Tour de Suisse | Switzerland |
Vladimir Gusev |
| 2007-06-29 | Russia National Time Trial Cycling Championship |
Russia |
Vladimir Gusev |
| 2007-07-01 | Belgium National Road Race Championships |
Belgium |
Stijn Devolder |
| 2007-07-12 | Stage 5, 2007 Tour of Austria | Austria |
Gianni Meersman |
| 2007-07-14 | Stage 1, 2007 Tour of Qinghai Lake |  China |
Allan Davis |
| 2007-07-14 | Stage 7 (ITT), 2007 Tour of Austria | Austria |
Stijn Devolder |
| 2007-07-15 | Overall, 2007 Tour of Austria | Austria |
Stijn Devolder |
| 2007-07-16 | Stage 3, 2007 Tour of Qinghai Lake | China |
Allan Davis |
| 2007-07-18 | Stage 5, 2007 Tour of Qinghai Lake | China |
Allan Davis |
| 2007-07-19 | Stage 6, 2007 Tour of Qinghai Lake | China |
Allan Davis |
| 2007-07-21 | Stage 8, 2007 Tour of Qinghai Lake | China |
José Luis Rubiera |
| 2007-07-22 | Stage 9, 2007 Tour of Qinghai Lake | China |
Allan Davis |
| 2007-07-22 | Points Classification, 2007 Tour of Qinghai Lake | China |
Allan Davis |
| 2007-07-22 | Stage 14, 2007 Tour de France | France |
Alberto Contador |
| 2007-07-28 | Stage 19 (ITT), 2007 Tour de France | France |
Levi Leipheimer |
| 2007-07-29 | Team Classification, 2007 Tour de France  |
France |
Discovery Channel |
| 2007-07-29 | Best Young Rider, 2007 Tour de France |
France |
Alberto Contador |
| 2007-07-29 | General classification, 2007 Tour de France |
France |
Alberto Contador |
| 2007-08-13 | Stage 2, 2007 Tour de l'Ain | France |
Brian Vandborg |
| 2007-09-02 | United States National Road Race Cycling Championship |
United States |
Levi Leipheimer |
| 2007-09-12 | Stage 2, 2007 Tour of Missouri | United States |
George Hincapie |
| 2007-09-13 | Stage 3, 2007 Tour of Missouri | United States |
Levi Leipheimer |
| 2007-09-15 | Stage 14, 2007 Vuelta a España | Spain |
Jason McCartney |
| 2007-09-16 | Overall, 2007 Tour of Missouri | United States |
George Hincapie |
U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team history
editThe US Postal Service Pro Cycling Team and later named the US Postal Service Pro Cycling Team presented by Berry Floor operated from 1996 through 2004. The United States Postal Service was the title (primary) sponsor from 1996 through 2004 and the team was nicknamed the "Blue Train". Berry Floor, a Belgian flooring company, was the secondary sponsor, also known as a Presenting Sponsor. Domestically the USPS Pro Cycling Team was presented by Alloc, the American subsidiary of Berry Floor.
Lance Armstrong won six Tours de France (1999–2004) (that were later stripped) with US Postal, and in 2003 Roberto Heras—at that time a US Postal rider—won the Vuelta a España. Armstrong went on to win a seventh Tour de France in 2005 (that was later also stripped), after the USPS contract and sponsorship ended.
The US Postal Service announced that it would cease sponsorship at the end of the 2004 racing season when its eight-year contract expired. It had previously been under fire for the expenditure from organizations such as Postal Watch, a website critical of the United States Postal Service. Legitimate problems of mismanagement and sloppy accounting were pointed out by the Postal Service itself, via the USPS Office of the Inspector General. Before the expiration of the USPS contract, Armstrong insisted that he would only continue to ride with the USPS team structure. This demand was met on June 15, 2004, when Discovery Networks stepped in and agreed to sponsor the team for the next three years as the Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team.
1996 results
editWith the help of Thomas Weisel and Eddie Borysewicz, the United States Postal Service begins its reign as title sponsor to what has become the most successful cycling team from the United States. Borysewicz served as the team's directeur sportif and the team raced mainly in domestic events in the United States.
| Date | Race | Location | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | USPRO National Road Race Championships | United States |
Eddy Gragus |
| 1996 | Stage Tour of China | United States |
Eddy Gragus |
1997 results
editThomas Weisel brought in Mark Gorski, the 1984 Olympic Gold Medalist in the Men's 1000 m Sprint (Scratch) event, as team manager. Due in large part to Russian Viatcheslav Ekimov and his key stage wins at Paris–Nice and the Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré, the USPS squad got its first invitation to ride in the Tour de France.
| Date | Race | Location | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1997 | Stage, Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré | France |
Viatcheslav Ekimov |
| 1997 | Stage, Paris–Nice | France |
Viatcheslav Ekimov |
| 1997 | Stage, Redlands Classic | United States |
Eddy Gragus |
| 1997 | Russia National Road Race Championship |
Russia |
Viatcheslav Ekimov |
| 1997 | Stage, Setmana Catalana | Spain |
George Hincapie |
1998 results
editLance Armstrong joined the US Postal team in late 1997, when returning to professional cycling following his cancer treatments.
| Date | Race | Location | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1998 | USPRO National Road Race Championships |
United States |
George Hincapie |
| 1998 | Overall, Tour de Luxembourg | Luxembourg |
Lance Armstrong |
| 1998 | Stage, Tour de Luxembourg | Luxembourg |
Lance Armstrong |
| 1998 | Overall, Rheinland Pfalz | Germany |
Lance Armstrong |
| 1998 | Killington (Vermont) Stage Race | United States |
George Hincapie |
| 1998 | First Union Invitational (Lancaster, Pa.) | United States |
Frankie Andreu |
1999 results
edit| Date | Race | Location | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 | USPRO National Road Race Championships |
United States |
Marty Jemison |
| 1999 | First Union Classic (Trenton, New Jersey) | United States |
George Hincapie |
| 1999 | Redlands Classic (Redlands, California) | United States |
Christian Vande Velde |
| 1999 | Best Young Rider Classification, Four Days of Dunkirk | France |
Christian Vande Velde |
2000 results
edit| Date | Race | Location | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | Grand Prix Eddy Merckx | France |
Viatcheslav Ekimov |
2001 results
editIn 2001, the U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team was named the USOC Team of the Year. Also, Armstrong was named USOC SportsMan of the Year, which he also won in 1999.
| Date | Race | Location | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001-04-11 | Gent–Wevelgem | Belgium |
George Hincapie |
| 2001-09 | San Francisco Grand Prix | United States |
George Hincapie |
2002 results
edit| Date | Race | Location | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2002-06 | USPRO National Road Race Championships |
United States |
Chann McRae |
| 2002-07-18 | Overall, Vuelta a Murcia | Spain |
Víctor Hugo Peña |
2003 results
edit| Date | Race | Location | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2003-07-09 | Stage 4 (TTT), Tour de France | France |
U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team |
| 2003-09-27 | Stage 20, Vuelta a España | Spain |
Roberto Heras |
| 2003-09-28 | Overall, Vuelta a España  |
Spain |
Roberto Heras |
2004 results
edit
| Date | Race | Location | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2004-04-01 | Overall, Three Days of De Panne | Belgium |
George Hincapie |
| 2004-07-07 | Stage 4 (TTT), Tour de France | France |
U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team |
Early history and notable wins
edit1988–1989 – Sunkyong (Amateur)
editEddie Borysewicz, known as "Eddy B", was the road coach of a pro/amateur cycling team formed by George Taylor and sponsored by Sunkyong, a South Korea-based manufacturing and industrial conglomerate. At the 1984 Summer Olympics, Borysewicz served as the U.S. Olympic Cycling Coach and led American cyclists to an unprecedented nine Olympic medals.
1992–1994 – Subaru–Montgomery
editSubaru and Montgomery Securities, led by Thomas Weisel, serve as co-title sponsors.
| Date | Race | Location | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | Tour de Gastown | Canada |
Jonas Carney |
| 1991 | Stage 2, Redlands Classic | United States |
Jim Copeland |
| 1991 | Tour de Gastown | Canada |
Lance Armstrong |
| 1991 | Stage 6, Redlands Classic | United States |
Krzysztof Wiatr |
| 1992 | Herald Sun Tour | Australia |
Bart Bowen |
| 1992 | USPRO National Road Race Championships | United States |
Bart Bowen |
| 1993 | Stage 1, Redlands Classic | United States |
Miguel Arroyo |
1995 – Montgomery-Bell
editMontgomery Securities Chief Executive Thomas W. Weisel, an avid cyclist, continued his support for cycling.
| Date | Race | Location | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | Stage 8, Tour DuPont | United States |
Clark Sheehan |
| 1995 | Stage 4, Tour de Pologne | Poland |
Eddy Gragus |
Sponsors
editThe following companies and organizations served as sponsors for the 2007 squad:[12]
- Discovery Channel
- AMD
- 24 Hour Fitness
- Trek
- Nike, Inc.
- Thomas Weisel Partners
- Škoda Auto
- Mio Technology Europe
- Bissell
- Bontrager
- Shimano
- Giro
- PowerBar
- Carmichael Training Systems
- 1st Endurance
- Tacx
- Hutchinson
- FRS Antioxidant Energy
- eSoles
- Park Tool USA
- Sci Con
- Sapim Race Spokes
- SRM
- Maximize
References
edit- ^ George, Sue (2007-02-10). "Discovery Channel to end sponsorship". Cyclingnews.com. Retrieved 2007-02-10.
- ^ "Armstrong's Former Team To Disband". forbes.com. 2007-08-10. Archived from the original on January 2, 2013. Retrieved 2009-01-08.
- ^ Matt Slater. "Lance Armstrong: Usada report reveals doping evidence". BBC Sport. Retrieved 2012-10-10.
- ^ U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team Investigation, USADA, 2012 October, retr 2012 10 14
- ^ "Lance Armstrong stripped of all seven Tour de France wins by UCI". bbc.co.uk. 2012-10-22. Retrieved 2012-10-26.
- ^ Ingram, David, "U.S. sues disgraced cyclist Armstrong for sponsor money", Reuters, 22 February 2013; retrieved 27 February 2013
- ^ Weislo, Laura. "Discovery disbands: Tailwind Sports confirms team's end". CyclingNews.
- ^ "Discovery gives up sponsor hunt". VeloNews. 2007-08-10. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-08-10.
- ^ "Team Discovery Channel Challenge 2007 – THE RIDERS". Retrieved 2007-02-13.
- ^ "Discovery Channel finalises '07 roster". Cyclingnews.com. 2007-01-16. Retrieved 2007-02-13.
- ^ "Le Tour en chiffres Les autres records" (PDF) (in French). LeTour.fr. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-20. Retrieved 2009-02-04.
- ^ "ThePaceline.com – Sponsors".
External links
edit
Media related to U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team at Wikimedia Commons