अप्

See also: अप, अपि, and अपी

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• অপ্ (Assamese script)
• ᬅᬧ᭄ (Balinese script)
• অপ্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰀𑰢𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀅𑀧𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• အပ် (Burmese script)
• અપ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਅਪ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌅𑌪𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦄꦥ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂃𑂣𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಅಪ್ (Kannada script)
• អប៑ (Khmer script)
• ອປ຺ (Lao script)
• അപ് (Malayalam script)
• ᠠᢒ (Manchu script)
• 𑘀𑘢𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᠠᢒ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦠𑧂𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐀𑐥𑑂 (Newa script)
• ଅପ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢂꢦ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆃𑆥𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖀𑖢𑖿 (Siddham script)
• අප් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩰 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚀𑚞𑚶 (Takri script)
• அப் (Tamil script)
• అప్ (Telugu script)
• อปฺ (Thai script)
• ཨ་པ྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒁𑒣𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨞𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-.

Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬞 (ap), Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠 (a-p-i-y-a /⁠apiyā⁠/, “into the water”), Tocharian B āp (“water”), Hittite 𒄩𒉺𒀀 (ḫa-pa-a, “towards the river”), Persian آب (âb), Latin amnis (“river”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ́p/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɐp/

Noun

अप् • (áp) stem, f

1. water (also personified as a deity)

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:जल

   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.9.1:

     आपो॒ हि ष्ठा म॑यो॒भुव॒स्ता न॑ ऊ॒र्जे द॑धातन।
     म॒हे रणा॑य॒ चक्ष॑से॥

     ā́po hí ṣṭhā́ mayobhúvastā́ na ūrjé dadhātana.
     mahé ráṇāya cákṣase.

     Ye, Waters, are beneficent: so help ye us to energy
     That we may look on great delight.

2. (astronomy) the star δ Virginis in Virgo

Usage notes

In Vedic Sanskrit, used both in singular and in plural; in Classical Sanskrit, only in plural.

Declension

Feminine root-stem declension of अप् (áp)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	अप् áp	अपौ / अपा¹ ápau / ápā¹	आपस् ā́pas
Vocative	अप् áp	अपौ / अपा¹ ápau / ápā¹	आपस् ā́pas
Accusative	अपम् ápam	अपौ / अपा¹ ápau / ápā¹	अपः ápaḥ
Instrumental	अपा apā́	अद्भ्याम् adbhyā́m	अद्भिः adbhíḥ
Dative	अपे apé	अद्भ्याम् adbhyā́m	अद्भ्यः adbhyáḥ
Ablative	अपः apáḥ	अद्भ्याम् adbhyā́m	अद्भ्यः adbhyáḥ
Genitive	अपः apáḥ	अपोः apóḥ	अपाम् apā́m
Locative	अपि apí	अपोः apóḥ	अप्सु apsú
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• अपांनपात् (apāṃnapāt)
• अपांवत्स (apāṃvatsa)
• अपांसंवर्त (apāṃsaṃvarta)
• अप्कृत्स्नम् (apkṛtsnam)
• अप्चर (apcara)
• अप्पति (appati)
• अप्पित्तम (appittama)
• अप्सरस् (apsaras)
• अब्ज (abja)
• आप्त्य (āptya)

 

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Dameli: [script needed] (âu)
  • Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (aw)
• Pali: āpa
• → Old Marathi: आप (āpa) (learned)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899) “अप्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 47, column 3.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “ap”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.