Wiktionary

硬

See also: 峺
硬 U+786C, 硬
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-786C
← 硫
[U+786B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 硭 →
[U+786D]

Translingual

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Stroke order
 

Han character

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硬 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一口一中大 (MRMLK), four-corner 11646, composition ⿰石更)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 831, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24230
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1247, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2432, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+786C

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 硬
alternative forms 鞕

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (丙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
更 *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs
粳 *kraːŋ
埂 *kraːŋ, *kraːŋʔ
浭 *kraːŋ
稉 *kraːŋ
梗 *kraːŋʔ
哽 *kraːŋʔ
綆 *kraːŋʔ
鯁 *kraːŋʔ
挭 *kraːŋʔ
骾 *kraːŋʔ
郠 *kraːŋʔ
硬 *ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs
鞕 *ŋɡraːŋs
丙 *pqraŋʔ
炳 *praŋʔ
邴 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
怲 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
苪 *praŋʔ
蛃 *praŋʔ
昺 *praŋʔ
昞 *praŋʔ
窉 *praŋʔ
柄 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
鈵 *praŋs
寎 *praŋs
病 *braŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs) : semantic 石 + phonetic 更 (OC *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs).

Pronunciation

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Note: ngaang6-2 - alternative pronunciation for "certainly".
Note:
  • ngī/ngǐ/ngēe/ngē - vernacular;
  • gēng/gěng - literary.
Note:
  • nge6 - vernacular;
  • ngeng7 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 硬
Mandarin Beijing /iŋ⁵¹/
Harbin /iŋ⁵³/
Tianjin /iŋ⁵³/
Jinan /iŋ²¹/
Qingdao /iŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /əŋ³¹²/
Xi'an /niŋ⁴⁴/
Xining /ȵiə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /iŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /ȵĩn¹³/
Ürümqi /ȵiŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /ŋən³⁵/
Chengdu /ŋən¹³/
Guiyang /ŋen²¹³/
/in²¹³/ 新,少
Kunming /ə̃²¹²/
Nanjing /ən⁴⁴/
Hefei /ʐən⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /niəŋ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ȵiŋ³⁵/
/ȵie̞³⁵/
Hohhot /nĩŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ŋã²³/
Suzhou /ŋã³¹/
Hangzhou /ŋɑŋ¹³/
Wenzhou /ŋiɛ²²/
Hui Shexian /ŋʌ̃³²⁴/
/ŋɛ²²/
Tunxi /ȵiɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ŋən¹¹/
Xiangtan /ŋən²¹/
Gan Nanchang /ŋɑŋ²¹/
Hakka Meixian /ŋaŋ⁵³/
Taoyuan /ŋɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ŋaŋ²²/
Nanning /ŋaŋ²²/
Hong Kong /ŋaŋ²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /giŋ²²/
/ŋi²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋaiŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋaiŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /ŋẽ³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ŋɛ³³/
Rime
Character 硬
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 耕 (117)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 五爭切
Baxter ngeangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋˠɛŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋᵚæŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋɐŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋəɨjŋH/
Li
Rong 		/ŋɛŋH/
Wang
Li 		/ŋæŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ŋæŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		èng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ngang6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 硬 硬
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 880 881
Phonetic
component 		丙 丙
Rime
group 		陽 陽
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		鞕
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋɡraːŋs/ /*ŋɡraːŋs/
Notes 見傷寒論 同鞕，王韻五孟反

Definitions

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硬

  1. hard (resistant to pressure)
  2. tough; strong; firm
  3. good (in terms of quality or ability)
  4. stiff; inflexible
  5. obstinately; forcibly; resolutely
  6. (slang) to become hard; to have an erection
  7. (Cantonese, Teochew) certainly; definitely; of course

Synonyms

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  • (hard):
Dialectal synonyms of 硬 (“hard”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 硬
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 硬
Taiwan 硬
Harbin 硬
Singapore 硬
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 硬
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 硬
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 硬
Xi'an 硬
Xining 硬
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 硬
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 硬
Lanzhou 硬
Ürümqi 硬
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 硬
Wuhan 硬
Guiyang 硬奏, 硬
Guilin 硬
Liuzhou 硬
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 硬
Yangzhou 硬
Hefei 硬
Cantonese Guangzhou 硬
Hong Kong 硬
Taishan 硬
Dongguan 硬
Yangjiang 硬
Singapore (Guangfu) 硬
Gan Nanchang 硬
Lichuan 硬
Pingxiang 硬
Hakka Meixian 硬
Yudu 硬
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 硬
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 硬
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 硬
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 硬
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 硬
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 丁
Huizhou Jixi 硬
Jin Taiyuan 硬
Xinzhou 硬
Northern Min Jian'ou 硬
Eastern Min Fuzhou 硬, 𠕇
Southern Min Xiamen 硬, 𠕇
Quanzhou 硬, 𠕇
Zhangzhou 硬, 𠕇
Taipei 𠕇, 硬
New Taipei (Sanxia) 𠕇, 硬
Kaohsiung 𠕇, 硬
Yilan 𠕇, 硬
Changhua (Lukang) 𠕇, 硬
Taichung 𠕇
Tainan 𠕇, 硬
Hsinchu 𠕇
Kinmen 𠕇
Penghu (Magong) 𠕇
Singapore (Hokkien) 𠕇, 硬
Manila (Hokkien) 𠕇, 硬
Chaozhou 硬, 𠕇
Shantou (Chaoyang) 𠕇
Singapore (Teochew) 𠕇
Leizhou 𠕇
Wenchang 𠕇
Haikou 硬, 𠕇
Singapore (Hainanese) 硬
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 硬
Wu Shanghai 硬
Shanghai (Chongming) 硬
Suzhou 硬
Danyang 硬
Hangzhou 硬
Ningbo 硬
Wenzhou 硬
Jinhua 硬
Xiang Changsha 硬
Loudi 硬
Shuangfeng 硬

Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of “hard”): 軟／软 (ruǎn)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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硬

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. Solid, hard, firm.

Readings

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  • Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)
  • Kan-on: ごう (gō)
  • Kan’yō-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
  • Kun: かたい (katai, 硬い, Jōyō)

Compounds

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Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

硬 (eumhun 굳을 경 (gudeul gyeong))

  1. hanja form? of 경 (“harden, stiffen”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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硬: Hán Nôm readings: ngạnh

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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