|
Translingual
editTraditional | 麵 |
---|---|
Shinjitai | 麺 |
Simplified | 面 |
Han character
edit麵 (Kangxi radical 199, 麥+9, 20 strokes, cangjie input 十弓一田中 (JNMWL) or 十水一田中 (JEMWL), four-corner 41246, composition ⿰麥面 or ⿺麥面)
References
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1514, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47827
- Dae Jaweon: page 2043, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4605, character 12
- Unihan data for U+9EB5
Chinese
edittrad. | 麵/麪 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 面* | |
2nd round simp. | 𫩑 | |
alternative forms | 麺 麫/面 糆 𪋽 |
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character 麵 |
---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *meːns) : semantic 麥 (“wheat”) + phonetic 面 (OC *mens). Originally 麪.
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mian4
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): miān
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): miēn
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): мян (mi͡an, III)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): min6
- (Dongguan, Jyutping++): min3
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): men5
- (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): min6
- Gan (Wiktionary): mien5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): mie3
- Northern Min (KCR): mīng
- Eastern Min (BUC): miêng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ming5 / meng5
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): min6
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Xiang
- (Changsha, Wiktionary): mienn5
- (Loudi, Wiktionary): minn5
- (Hengyang, Wiktionary): mien5
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: miàn
- Wade–Giles: mien4
- Yale: myàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miann
- Palladius: мянь (mjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (麵兒 / 面儿)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˋㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: miànr
- Wade–Giles: mien4-ʼrh
- Yale: myànr
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miall
- Palladius: мяньр (mjanʹr)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi̯ɑɻ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Note: erhua-ed - “powder”.
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: mian4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mian
- Sinological IPA (key): /miɛn²¹³/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: miān
- Sinological IPA (key): /miã⁵⁵/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: miēn
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): mien4
- Sinological IPA (key): /miẽ⁴⁴/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: мян (mi͡an, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /miæ̃⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Chengdu)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: min6
- Yale: mihn
- Cantonese Pinyin: min6
- Guangdong Romanization: min6
- Sinological IPA (key): /miːn²²/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: min3
- Sinological IPA (key): /min³²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: men5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵐben³²/
- (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
- Jyutping++: min6
- Sinological IPA (key): /min⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: mien5
- Sinological IPA (key): /miɛn¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mien
- Hakka Romanization System: mien
- Hagfa Pinyim: mian4
- Sinological IPA: /mi̯en⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: mien˖
- Sinological IPA: /mien³³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: mie3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /mie⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mīng
- Sinological IPA (key): /miŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: miêng
- Sinological IPA (key): /miɛŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ming5
- Sinological IPA (key): /miŋ²¹/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: meng5
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɛŋ²¹/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
Note:
- ming5 - vernacular;
- meng5 - literary.
Note:
- mī - vernacular;
- biān - literary.
Note:
- mi1 - vernacular;
- mieng7 - literary.
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: min6
- Sinological IPA (key): /min²²/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: mienn5
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi̯ẽ²¹/
- (Loudi)
- Wiktionary: minn5
- Sinological IPA (key): /mĩ¹¹/
- (Hengyang)
- Wiktionary: mien5
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi̯ɛn²¹³/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: menH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*meːns/
Definitions
edit麵
- flour
- wheat noodles (Classifier: 碗 m c; 條/条 m c; 個/个 c)
- (Mainland China) powder
- (Mainland China, dialectal) soft and floury; mealy
- (Mandarin, colloquial, of a person) weak; timid; indecisive; slow
Synonyms
editVariety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 粉 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 麵兒 |
Singapore | 粉 | |
Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 麵兒 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 麵麵兒 |
Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 麵麵, 麵子, 粉粉 |
Wuhan | 粉子 | |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 粉子, 粉 |
Hefei | 粉 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 粉 |
Hong Kong | 粉 | |
Yangjiang | 粉 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 粉 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 粉 |
Hakka | Meixian | 粉 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 麵麵 |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | 粉 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 粉粉 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 粉 |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 粉 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 粉 | |
Chaozhou | 粉 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 粉 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 粉 |
Suzhou | 粉 | |
Wenzhou | 粉 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 粉子 |
Shuangfeng | 粉子 |
Compounds
edit- 一鍋麵 / 一锅面
- 下麵 / 下面 (xiàmiàn)
- 中筋麵粉 / 中筋面粉 (zhōngjīn miànfěn)
- 乾麵 / 干面 (gānmiàn)
- 伊府麵 / 伊府面 (yīfǔmiàn)
- 伊麵 / 伊面 (yīmiàn)
- 低筋麵粉 / 低筋面粉 (dījīn miànfěn)
- 光麵 / 光面 (guāngmiàn)
- 兩頭白麵 / 两头白面
- 公仔麵 / 公仔面 (gōngzǎimiàn)
- 冰冰麵 / 冰冰面 (bīngbīngmiàn)
- 冷麵 / 冷面 (lěngmiàn)
- 刀削麵 / 刀削面 (dāoxiāomiàn)
- 切麵 / 切面 (qiēmiàn)
- 削麵 / 削面 (xiāomiàn)
- 千層麵 / 千层面 (qiāncéngmiàn)
- 即食麵 / 即食面 (jíshímiàn)
- 吃板刀麵 / 吃板刀面
- 吃辣麵 / 吃辣面
- 和麵 / 和面
- 培根蛋麵 / 培根蛋面 (péigēndànmiàn)
- 壯麵 / 壮面
- 壽麵 / 寿面 (shòumiàn)
- 大滷麵 / 大卤面 (dàlǔmiàn)
- 小米麵 / 小米面
- 就湯下麵 / 就汤下面
- 廣東炒麵 / 广东炒面
- 快速麵 / 快速面
- 意大利麵 / 意大利面 (yìdàlìmiàn)
- 扯麵 / 扯面
- 拌麵 / 拌面 (bànmiàn)
- 拉麵 / 拉面 (lāmiàn)
- 捏麵人 / 捏面人
- 捵麵 / 捵面
- 掛麵 / 挂面 (guàmiàn)
- 搋麵 / 搋面
- 撈麵 / 捞面 (lāomiàn)
- 擔仔麵 / 担仔面 (dànzǎimiàn)
- 擔擔麵 / 担担面
- 擀麵 / 擀面 (gǎnmiàn)
- 擀麵杖 / 擀面杖 (gǎnmiànzhàng)
- 擀麵棍 / 擀面棍 (gǎnmiàngùn)
- 方便麵 / 方便面 (fāngbiànmiàn)
- 杯麵 / 杯面 (bēimiàn)
- 棒子麵 / 棒子面 (bàngzimiàn)
- 死麵 / 死面 (sǐmiàn)
- 水麵 / 水面
- 油茶麵兒 / 油茶面儿
- 油麵 / 油面 (yóumiàn)
- 泡麵 / 泡面 (pàomiàn)
- 泡麵哲學 / 泡面哲学
- 泡麵市場 / 泡面市场
- 洋麵 / 洋面
- 清湯掛麵 / 清汤挂面
- 涼麵 / 凉面 (liángmiàn)
- 湯麵 / 汤面 (tāngmiàn)
- 溲麵 / 溲面
- 炒麵 / 炒面 (chǎomiàn)
- 炒麵塊子 / 炒面块子
- 炸醬麵 / 炸酱面 (zhájiàngmiàn)
- 烤麵包機 / 烤面包机 (kǎomiànbāojī)
- 烏龍麵 / 乌龙面 (wūlóngmiàn)
- 熱乾麵 / 热干面 (règānmiàn)
- 燙麵 / 烫面
- 牛肉麵 / 牛肉面 (niúròumiàn)
- 甜水麵 / 甜水面
- 甜麵醬 / 甜面酱 (tiánmiànjiàng)
- 生力麵 / 生力面
- 發麵 / 发面 (fāmiàn)
- 白粉麵 / 白粉面
- 白麵 / 白面 (báimiàn)
- 硬麵 / 硬面
- 簳麵杖 / 簳面杖
- 索麵 / 索面
- 茶麵子 / 茶面子
- 蔥油拌麵 / 葱油拌面
- 蕎麥麵 / 荞麦面 (qiáomàimiàn)
- 藥麵兒 / 药面儿 (yàomiànr)
- 彪彪麵 / 彪彪面 (biāobiāomiàn)
- 蚵仔麵線 / 蚵仔面线 (ézǐ miànxiàn)
- 豬腳麵線 / 猪脚面线
- 趕麵棍 / 赶面棍
- 通心麵 / 通心面
- 速食麵 / 速食面 (sùshímiàn)
- 過水麵 / 过水面
- 𰻞𰻞麵 / 𰻝𰻝面 (biángbiángmiàn)
- 醡醬麵 / 醡酱面 (zhàjiàngmiàn)
- 重羅麵 / 重罗面
- 長壽麵 / 长寿面 (chángshòumiàn)
- 陽春麵 / 阳春面 (yángchūnmiàn)
- 雜合麵兒 / 杂合面儿
- 雜麵 / 杂面
- 高筋麵粉 / 高筋面粉 (gāojīn miànfěn)
- 麵人兒 / 面人儿 (miànrénr)
- 麵包 / 面包 (miànbāo)
- 麵包圈 / 面包圈 (miànbāoquān)
- 麵包圈兒 / 面包圈儿
- 麵包果 / 面包果 (miànbāoguǒ)
- 麵包樹 / 面包树 (miànbāoshù)
- 麵包車 / 面包车 (miànbāochē)
- 麵團 / 面团 (miàntuán)
- 麵團兒 / 面团儿
- 麵坊 / 面坊
- 麵坯兒 / 面坯儿
- 麵塑 / 面塑
- 麵子 / 面子 (miànzi)
- 麵子藥 / 面子药
- 麵店 / 面店
- 麵攤子 / 面摊子
- 麵杖 / 面杖 (miànzhàng)
- 麵杖吹火 / 面杖吹火
- 麵條 / 面条 (miàntiáo)
- 麵湯 / 面汤 (miàntāng)
- 麵漿 / 面浆
- 麵疙瘩 / 面疙瘩 (miàngēda)
- 麵的 / 面的
- 麵碼兒 / 面码儿
- 麵筋 / 面筋 (miànjīn)
- 麵粉 / 面粉 (miànfěn)
- 麵糊 / 面糊
- 麵線 / 面线 (miànxiàn)
- 麵肥 / 面肥 (miànfěi)
- 麵茶 / 面茶 (miànchá)
- 麵食 / 面食 (miànshí)
- 麵餅 / 面饼 (miànbǐng)
- 麵館 / 面馆 (miànguǎn)
- 麵館兒 / 面馆儿
- 黑麵 / 黑面
Usage notes
editRegion | 麵 | 麪 |
---|---|---|
Taiwan | standard | variant |
Hong Kong | variant | standard |
See also
edit- 粉 (fěn)
Descendants
editSino-Xenic (麵):
Others:
- → English: mee (via Min Nan)
- → Malay: mi (via Min Nan)
- Indonesian: mi
- → Mauritian Creole: min (via Yue)
- → Thai: หมี่ (mìi) (via Min Nan)
- → Vietnamese: mì (via Min Nan)
References
edit- (Hokkien) “Entry #13088”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
- (Puxian Min) 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “面”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 157.
Japanese
edit麺 | |
麵 |
Kanji
edit麵
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 麺)
Readings
editKorean
editHanja
editVietnamese
editHan character
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