Croatia–NATO relations: Difference between revisions
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Croatia's first relations with NATO were established in 1953. That year [[Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] entered into the [[Balkan Pact (1953)|Balkan Pact]], a loose military alliance with Greece and Turkey, then both recent NATO members.<ref>[http://www.mondo.rs/s161455/Press_izbor/Press-_Vec_smo_u_NATO_uveo_nas_Tito.html Press: Već smo u NATO, uveo nas Tito] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100225060157/http://www.mondo.rs/s161455/Press_izbor/Press-_Vec_smo_u_NATO_uveo_nas_Tito.html |date=2010-02-25 }}</ref> |
Croatia's first relations with NATO were established in 1953. That year [[Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] entered into the [[Balkan Pact (1953)|Balkan Pact]], a loose military alliance with Greece and Turkey, then both recent NATO members.<ref>[http://www.mondo.rs/s161455/Press_izbor/Press-_Vec_smo_u_NATO_uveo_nas_Tito.html Press: Već smo u NATO, uveo nas Tito] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100225060157/http://www.mondo.rs/s161455/Press_izbor/Press-_Vec_smo_u_NATO_uveo_nas_Tito.html |date=2010-02-25 }}</ref> |
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Croatia had considered holding a referendum on NATO membership. On March 23, 2007, the Croatian president [[Stjepan Mesić]], Prime Minister [[Ivo Sanader]] and President of parliament [[Vladimir Šeks]] declared that the Croatian constitution does not require a referendum on this issue.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.vlada.hr/english/premijer/aktualnosti/novosti/2007/predsjednik_vlade_nije_potreban_referendum_o_ulasku_u_nato |title= Sanader Says There is No Need for Referendum on NATO Membership |publisher= Government of the Republic of Croatia |date= March 21, 2007 |accessdate= 2008-09-19}}</ref> In 2006 the Croatian government was planning to start a media campaign to promote the benefits of membership. In February 2008 a project named ''Bolje pakt nego rat'' was formed by [[Transparency International]] Croatia and iDEMO, and financed by the United States embassy in Croatia, in order to promote the NATO membership through public discussions about its benefits.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.poslovni.hr/71827.aspx | title = TIH i iDEMO predstavili projekt 'Bolje pakt nego rat' | date = February 27, 2008 | newspaper = [[Poslovni dnevnik]] | language = Croatian | accessdate = 2010-05-22}}</ref> |
Croatia had considered holding a referendum on NATO membership. On March 23, 2007, the Croatian president [[Stjepan Mesić]], Prime Minister [[Ivo Sanader]] and President of parliament [[Vladimir Šeks]] declared that the Croatian constitution does not require a referendum on this issue.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.vlada.hr/english/premijer/aktualnosti/novosti/2007/predsjednik_vlade_nije_potreban_referendum_o_ulasku_u_nato |title= Sanader Says There is No Need for Referendum on NATO Membership |publisher= Government of the Republic of Croatia |date= March 21, 2007 |accessdate= 2008-09-19 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090408093028/http://www.vlada.hr/english/premijer/aktualnosti/novosti/2007/predsjednik_vlade_nije_potreban_referendum_o_ulasku_u_nato |archive-date= April 8, 2009 |dead-url= yes }}</ref> In 2006 the Croatian government was planning to start a media campaign to promote the benefits of membership. In February 2008 a project named ''Bolje pakt nego rat'' was formed by [[Transparency International]] Croatia and iDEMO, and financed by the United States embassy in Croatia, in order to promote the NATO membership through public discussions about its benefits.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.poslovni.hr/71827.aspx | title = TIH i iDEMO predstavili projekt 'Bolje pakt nego rat' | date = February 27, 2008 | newspaper = [[Poslovni dnevnik]] | language = Croatian | accessdate = 2010-05-22}}</ref> |
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A May 2007 poll commissioned by the government showed that NATO membership was backed by 52% of the population, and 25% was against.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.seeurope.net/?q=node/9134 |title=Poll Shows Public Support for NATO Membership Growing in Croatia | date=May 23, 2007 | accessdate=2010-05-22}}</ref> On January 4, 2008, Croatian Prime minister Ivo Sanader reached a coalition agreement with partners from [[Croatian Peasant Party|HSS]] and [[Croatian Social Liberal Party|HSLS]] to form a new government. According to a provision of the said agreement Croatia's entry into NATO would not be decided on a referendum.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sarajevo-x.com/clanak/080104137|title=Dovršen koalicijski sporazum HDZ-a i koalicije HSS-HSLS|date=2008-01-04 |publisher=sarajevo-x.com |accessdate=2008-01-05}}</ref> Less than 20 days before entering NATO, Prime Minister Sanader stated: "I will forget that some people had requested a referendum. Had we started that adventure, we wouldn't have accomplished this."<ref name=sanader_forget_referendum>{{cite web|url=http://www.vlada.hr/hr/naslovnica/novosti_i_najave/2009/ozujak/vlada_saboru_poslala_prijedlog_ratifikacije_sjeveroatlantskog_ugovora |title=Vlada Saboru poslala prijedlog ratifikacije Sjeveroatlantskog ugovora |date=2009-03-18 |accessdate=2009-03-20 |language=Croatian |work=[[Government of Croatia]]}}</ref> |
A May 2007 poll commissioned by the government showed that NATO membership was backed by 52% of the population, and 25% was against.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.seeurope.net/?q=node/9134 |title=Poll Shows Public Support for NATO Membership Growing in Croatia | date=May 23, 2007 | accessdate=2010-05-22}}</ref> On January 4, 2008, Croatian Prime minister Ivo Sanader reached a coalition agreement with partners from [[Croatian Peasant Party|HSS]] and [[Croatian Social Liberal Party|HSLS]] to form a new government. According to a provision of the said agreement Croatia's entry into NATO would not be decided on a referendum.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sarajevo-x.com/clanak/080104137|title=Dovršen koalicijski sporazum HDZ-a i koalicije HSS-HSLS|date=2008-01-04 |publisher=sarajevo-x.com |accessdate=2008-01-05}}</ref> Less than 20 days before entering NATO, Prime Minister Sanader stated: "I will forget that some people had requested a referendum. Had we started that adventure, we wouldn't have accomplished this."<ref name=sanader_forget_referendum>{{cite web |url=http://www.vlada.hr/hr/naslovnica/novosti_i_najave/2009/ozujak/vlada_saboru_poslala_prijedlog_ratifikacije_sjeveroatlantskog_ugovora |title=Vlada Saboru poslala prijedlog ratifikacije Sjeveroatlantskog ugovora |date=2009-03-18 |accessdate=2009-03-20 |language=Croatian |work=[[Government of Croatia]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408093032/http://www.vlada.hr/hr/naslovnica/novosti_i_najave/2009/ozujak/vlada_saboru_poslala_prijedlog_ratifikacije_sjeveroatlantskog_ugovora |archive-date=2009-04-08 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |
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Croatia has been a member of the [[International Security Assistance Force]] in [[Afghanistan]] since December 12, 2002. In 2003 Croatia joined the [[Adriatic Charter]] along with other NATO aspirants. In November, 2006 the ''State Committee for the Membership of Croatia in NATO'' was established, with Croatian [[President of Croatia|president]] [[Stjepan Mesić]] serving as committee president, and speaker [[Vladimir Šeks]] and [[Prime Minister of Croatia|prime minister]] [[Ivo Sanader]] serving as its vice-presidents.<ref>[http://www.poslovni.hr/25902.aspx Osnovan Državni odbor za članstvo Hrvatske u NATO-u]</ref> In June, 2007 the [[Croatian Parliament]] and the NATO parliamentary Assembly held a three-day conference in [[Dubrovnik]] entitled "Southeast Europe: Unfinished business", to discuss security and political issues in the region.<ref>[http://www.javno.com/en/croatia/clanak.php?id=56372 NATO seminars in Dubrovnik]</ref> The Noble Midas 07 NATO exercise held in Croatia in October, 2007 was the first time in the alliance's history that it held a military exercise in a non-member country.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7037100.stm Croatia hosts major Nato exercise], [[BBC]]</ref> Croatia hosted an unofficial meeting of defense ministers on NATO's role in southeastern Europe in March, 2009.<ref>[http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-03/03/content_10931073.htm Southeast European defense ministers to meet in Croatia]</ref> |
Croatia has been a member of the [[International Security Assistance Force]] in [[Afghanistan]] since December 12, 2002. In 2003 Croatia joined the [[Adriatic Charter]] along with other NATO aspirants. In November, 2006 the ''State Committee for the Membership of Croatia in NATO'' was established, with Croatian [[President of Croatia|president]] [[Stjepan Mesić]] serving as committee president, and speaker [[Vladimir Šeks]] and [[Prime Minister of Croatia|prime minister]] [[Ivo Sanader]] serving as its vice-presidents.<ref>[http://www.poslovni.hr/25902.aspx Osnovan Državni odbor za članstvo Hrvatske u NATO-u]</ref> In June, 2007 the [[Croatian Parliament]] and the NATO parliamentary Assembly held a three-day conference in [[Dubrovnik]] entitled "Southeast Europe: Unfinished business", to discuss security and political issues in the region.<ref>[http://www.javno.com/en/croatia/clanak.php?id=56372 NATO seminars in Dubrovnik]{{Dead link|date=July 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The Noble Midas 07 NATO exercise held in Croatia in October, 2007 was the first time in the alliance's history that it held a military exercise in a non-member country.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7037100.stm Croatia hosts major Nato exercise], [[BBC]]</ref> Croatia hosted an unofficial meeting of defense ministers on NATO's role in southeastern Europe in March, 2009.<ref>[http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-03/03/content_10931073.htm Southeast European defense ministers to meet in Croatia]</ref> |
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On January 1, 2008 Croatia abandoned military conscription and finished its transition to a fully professional army.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSL2780927320080328 FACTBOX: Balkan candidates offer NATO leaner military muscle], [[Reuters]]</ref> The [[Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia]] expects that it will join the NATO-led [[Kosovo Force]] (KFOR) in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nacional.hr/articles/view/49286/3/ |title=Hrvatska vojska stiže na Kosovo u proljeće 2009. |publisher=[[Nacional (weekly)|Nacional]] |language=Croatian |trans-title=Croatian Army arrives to Kosovo in spring of 2009 |author=Eduard Šostarić |date=13 October 2008 |accessdate=1 July 2012 |archivedate=1 July 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68oqUeQQM?url=http://www.nacional.hr/clanak/49286/hrvatska-vojska-stize-na-kosovo-u-proljece-2009 |df= }}</ref> With Croatia's accession to the alliance, it has become more likely that the country will leave the [[Non-Aligned Movement]].<ref>[http://www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/hr/features/setimes/articles/2008/08/11/reportage-01 Hrvatska bi mogla napustiti pokret nesvrstanih]</ref> The Croatian minister of foreign affairs [[Gordan Jandroković]] was invited to the movement's 15th Conference, held in Iran in July, 2008.<ref>[http://www.slobodnadalmacija.hr/Novosti/Hrvatska/Hrvatska/tabid/66/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/9154/Default.aspx Jandroković pozvan na skup nesvrstanih u Teheranu], [[Slobodna Dalmacija]]</ref> Instead of a high-level delegate, the Croatian ambassador to Iran, Esad Prohić, served as Croatian representative.<ref>[http://www.slobodnadalmacija.hr/Hrvatska/tabid/66/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/16826/Default.aspx Vladi ne trebaju nesvrstani], [[Slobodna Dalmacija]]</ref> |
On January 1, 2008 Croatia abandoned military conscription and finished its transition to a fully professional army.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSL2780927320080328 FACTBOX: Balkan candidates offer NATO leaner military muscle], [[Reuters]]</ref> The [[Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia]] expects that it will join the NATO-led [[Kosovo Force]] (KFOR) in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nacional.hr/articles/view/49286/3/ |title=Hrvatska vojska stiže na Kosovo u proljeće 2009. |publisher=[[Nacional (weekly)|Nacional]] |language=Croatian |trans-title=Croatian Army arrives to Kosovo in spring of 2009 |author=Eduard Šostarić |date=13 October 2008 |accessdate=1 July 2012 |archivedate=1 July 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68oqUeQQM?url=http://www.nacional.hr/clanak/49286/hrvatska-vojska-stize-na-kosovo-u-proljece-2009 |df= }}</ref> With Croatia's accession to the alliance, it has become more likely that the country will leave the [[Non-Aligned Movement]].<ref>[http://www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/hr/features/setimes/articles/2008/08/11/reportage-01 Hrvatska bi mogla napustiti pokret nesvrstanih]</ref> The Croatian minister of foreign affairs [[Gordan Jandroković]] was invited to the movement's 15th Conference, held in Iran in July, 2008.<ref>[http://www.slobodnadalmacija.hr/Novosti/Hrvatska/Hrvatska/tabid/66/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/9154/Default.aspx Jandroković pozvan na skup nesvrstanih u Teheranu], [[Slobodna Dalmacija]]</ref> Instead of a high-level delegate, the Croatian ambassador to Iran, Esad Prohić, served as Croatian representative.<ref>[http://www.slobodnadalmacija.hr/Hrvatska/tabid/66/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/16826/Default.aspx Vladi ne trebaju nesvrstani], [[Slobodna Dalmacija]]</ref> |
Revision as of 00:59, 12 July 2019
The accession of Croatia to NATO took place in 2009. Croatia entered into NATO's Partnership for Peace in 2000, which began the process of accession into the alliance. The country received an invitation to join at the 2008 Bucharest summit and became a full member on April 1, 2009.
History
Croatia's first relations with NATO were established in 1953. That year Yugoslavia entered into the Balkan Pact, a loose military alliance with Greece and Turkey, then both recent NATO members.[1]
Croatia had considered holding a referendum on NATO membership. On March 23, 2007, the Croatian president Stjepan Mesić, Prime Minister Ivo Sanader and President of parliament Vladimir Šeks declared that the Croatian constitution does not require a referendum on this issue.[2] In 2006 the Croatian government was planning to start a media campaign to promote the benefits of membership. In February 2008 a project named Bolje pakt nego rat was formed by Transparency International Croatia and iDEMO, and financed by the United States embassy in Croatia, in order to promote the NATO membership through public discussions about its benefits.[3]
A May 2007 poll commissioned by the government showed that NATO membership was backed by 52% of the population, and 25% was against.[4] On January 4, 2008, Croatian Prime minister Ivo Sanader reached a coalition agreement with partners from HSS and HSLS to form a new government. According to a provision of the said agreement Croatia's entry into NATO would not be decided on a referendum.[5] Less than 20 days before entering NATO, Prime Minister Sanader stated: "I will forget that some people had requested a referendum. Had we started that adventure, we wouldn't have accomplished this."[6]
Croatia has been a member of the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan since December 12, 2002. In 2003 Croatia joined the Adriatic Charter along with other NATO aspirants. In November, 2006 the State Committee for the Membership of Croatia in NATO was established, with Croatian president Stjepan Mesić serving as committee president, and speaker Vladimir Šeks and prime minister Ivo Sanader serving as its vice-presidents.[7] In June, 2007 the Croatian Parliament and the NATO parliamentary Assembly held a three-day conference in Dubrovnik entitled "Southeast Europe: Unfinished business", to discuss security and political issues in the region.[8] The Noble Midas 07 NATO exercise held in Croatia in October, 2007 was the first time in the alliance's history that it held a military exercise in a non-member country.[9] Croatia hosted an unofficial meeting of defense ministers on NATO's role in southeastern Europe in March, 2009.[10]
On January 1, 2008 Croatia abandoned military conscription and finished its transition to a fully professional army.[11] The Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia expects that it will join the NATO-led Kosovo Force (KFOR) in 2009.[12] With Croatia's accession to the alliance, it has become more likely that the country will leave the Non-Aligned Movement.[13] The Croatian minister of foreign affairs Gordan Jandroković was invited to the movement's 15th Conference, held in Iran in July, 2008.[14] Instead of a high-level delegate, the Croatian ambassador to Iran, Esad Prohić, served as Croatian representative.[15]
Negotiation progress
Event | Date | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Partnership for Peace | 2000-05-25 | ||||||
Membership Action Plan | 2002-05-20 | ||||||
Invitation to join | 2008-04-03 | ||||||
Accession protocol | 2008-07-09 | ||||||
Ratification by: | |||||||
Belgium | 2009-01-29 | ||||||
Bulgaria | 2008-10-23 | ||||||
Canada | 2009-01-14 | ||||||
Czech Republic | 2008-12-22 | ||||||
Denmark | 2008-12-09 | ||||||
Estonia | 2008-12-19 | ||||||
France | 2009-02-04 | ||||||
Germany | 2008-12-19 | ||||||
Greece | 2009-02-17 | ||||||
Hungary | 2008-09-15 | ||||||
Iceland | 2009-02-12 | ||||||
Italy | 2008-12-23 | ||||||
Latvia | 2008-09-18 | ||||||
Lithuania | 2008-10-06 | ||||||
Luxembourg | 2009-02-12 | ||||||
Netherlands | 2009-02-17 | ||||||
Norway | 2008-11-24 | ||||||
Poland | 2008-10-21 | ||||||
Portugal | 2009-02-13 | ||||||
Romania | 2008-10-21 | ||||||
Slovakia | 2008-10-24 | ||||||
Slovenia | 2009-02-09 | ||||||
Spain | 2008-12-18 | ||||||
Turkey | 2008-11-26 | ||||||
United Kingdom | 2008-12-19 | ||||||
United States | 2008-09-26 | ||||||
Full membership | 2009-04-01 |
See also
- Foreign relations of Croatia
- Accession of Croatia to the European Union
- Accession of Albania to NATO
References
- ^ Press: Već smo u NATO, uveo nas Tito Archived 2010-02-25 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Sanader Says There is No Need for Referendum on NATO Membership". Government of the Republic of Croatia. March 21, 2007. Archived from the original on April 8, 2009. Retrieved 2008-09-19.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "TIH i iDEMO predstavili projekt 'Bolje pakt nego rat'". Poslovni dnevnik (in Croatian). February 27, 2008. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
- ^ "Poll Shows Public Support for NATO Membership Growing in Croatia". May 23, 2007. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
- ^ "Dovršen koalicijski sporazum HDZ-a i koalicije HSS-HSLS". sarajevo-x.com. 2008-01-04. Retrieved 2008-01-05.
- ^ "Vlada Saboru poslala prijedlog ratifikacije Sjeveroatlantskog ugovora". Government of Croatia (in Croatian). 2009-03-18. Archived from the original on 2009-04-08. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Osnovan Državni odbor za članstvo Hrvatske u NATO-u
- ^ NATO seminars in Dubrovnik[permanent dead link]
- ^ Croatia hosts major Nato exercise, BBC
- ^ Southeast European defense ministers to meet in Croatia
- ^ FACTBOX: Balkan candidates offer NATO leaner military muscle, Reuters
- ^ Eduard Šostarić (13 October 2008). "Hrvatska vojska stiže na Kosovo u proljeće 2009" [Croatian Army arrives to Kosovo in spring of 2009] (in Croatian). Nacional. Archived from the original on 1 July 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Hrvatska bi mogla napustiti pokret nesvrstanih
- ^ Jandroković pozvan na skup nesvrstanih u Teheranu, Slobodna Dalmacija
- ^ Vladi ne trebaju nesvrstani, Slobodna Dalmacija