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{{multiple issues|
'''Atlantium''' is an organization based in [[Sydney]] with a website which sells stamps and coins, and is used as a platform for political advocacy. It was established in 1981 by a group of three teenagers and now claims approximately 1000 members in over 60 countries.
{{disputed|date=October 2016}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2016}}
{{self-published|date=October 2016}}
{{third-party|date=October 2016}}
{{primary sources|date=February 2013}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use Australian English|date=January 2012}}
{{short description|Micronation proclaimed in Australia}}
{{Infobox micronation
| conventional_long_name = Empire of Atlantium
| native_name = Imperium Atlantium
| common_name = Atlantium
| image_map = LocationConcordia.jpg
| map_caption = Location of Atlantium's Concordia Capital District in [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]]
| leader_name1 = George Francis Cruickshank
| established_date1 = 27 November 1981
| type = primarily non-territorial
| footnotes =
| official_website = {{url|https://www.atlantium.org/}}
}}
The '''Empire of Atlantium''' is a [[micronation]] and secular,
[[Pluralism (political philosophy)|pluralist]] [[Progressivist|progressive]] lobby group<ref>{{cite web|title=Links|url=http://www.usns.info/links.html|access-date=15 January 2008|publisher=Unrecognised States Numismatic Society|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120816015422/http://www.usns.info/links.html|archive-date=16 August 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> based in [[New South Wales, Australia]].


''[[Micronations: The Lonely Planet Guide to Home-Made Nations]]'' described Atlantium in 2006 as "a refreshing antidote to the reactionary self-aggrandisement of so many micronations", and "an extremely sophisticated nation-state experiment, as well as an entirely serious claimant to legitimate statehood". The book's entry on Atlantium notes its espousal of "[[Progressivism|progressive]], [[Liberalism|liberal policies]]" and characterises it as a "secular [[Humanism|humanist]] [[utopia]]".<ref name="John2006">{{cite book|title=Micronations|author=John Ryan, George Dunford & Simon Sellars|publisher=Lonely Planet Publications|year=2006|isbn=1-74104-730-7|pages=74–}}</ref>
Among the causes it claims to promote are the right to unrestricted international [[freedom of movement]], the right to [[abortion]], the right to [[assisted suicide]] and [[decimal calendar]] reform.


Among the causes Atlantium supports are the right to unrestricted international [[freedom of movement]], the right to abortion, the right to [[Consensual homicide|assisted suicide]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.atlantium.org/constitution.html |title=Constitution of Atlantium |access-date=26 January 2008 |publisher=Empire of Atlantium |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813084528/http://www.atlantium.org/constitution.html |archive-date=13 August 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[decimal calendar]] reform.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.decimaltime.hynes.net/calendar.html#annusnovus |title=Decimal Time&nbsp;— Calendars&nbsp;— Annus Novus Decimal Calendar |access-date=30 January 2008 |publisher=John D Hynes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602063606/http://decimaltime.hynes.net/calendar.html#annusnovus |archive-date=2 June 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
It contends it is a non-territorial [[sovereign state]], and claims as its only territory a small enclave located several kilometres from the centre of Sydney's main business district. However, no established nation has recognized its sovereignty or exchanged diplomatic representatives with it.


In 2015, the micronation had almost 3,000 "citizens", most of whom signed up online from over a hundred countries, and have never been to Atlantium.<ref name="ABC_2015-10-18">{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-18/micronation-the-empire-atlantium-boorowa-nsw/6856468|title=Empire of Atlantium: Take a glimpse into Australia's smallest micronation|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|author=Ewan Gilbert|date=18 October 2015|access-date=18 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Harold |first1=Carl |title=Garantin.com |url=https://garantin.com/ |access-date=11 April 2024}}</ref>
Atlantium calls some of its members "unaccredited diplomatic representatives". For example, "Her Excellency Brigitte, the Countess von Bulow de Rothschild" is termed "the Imperial Vice-Legate to Florida", even though the state of Florida does not have a diplomatic corps.


==History==
It claims that its administration is headed by Emperor George II (born George Francis Cruickshank, in Sydney, in 1966), and includes Derek Gould, former Assistant Commissioner for Transport and Principal Secretary for Health and Welfare in the Hong Kong Civil Service and Peter Meyer, a leading international authority on calendar studies.


Atlantium was established in 1981 by three Sydney teenagers&nbsp;– George Francis Cruickshank, Geoffrey John Duggan and Claire Marie Coulter (née Duggan). The three claimed a {{convert|10|m2|sqft}} "provisional territory" in the southern suburb of [[Narwee]] as Atlantium's first capital, and declared Cruickshank to be Sovereign [[head of state]], with the title "Emperor George II".<ref>{{cite web|last=Blackson|first=Robert|title=The Empire of Atlantium|url=http://cabinetmagazine.org/issues/18/blackson4.php|work=Cabinet Magazine|access-date=9 January 2014|date=Summer 2005}}</ref><ref name="Historyof">{{cite web |url=http://www.atlantium.org/history.html |title=History of Atlantium |access-date=26 January 2008 |publisher=Empire of Atlantium |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813084215/http://www.atlantium.org/history.html |archive-date=13 August 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Geoffrey Duggan was elected as [[prime minister]] in 1982, serving until 1986. Damian Scott held the position from 1986 to 1988 and Kevin Fanucchi became Prime Minister in 1988, but by 1990, when the original group members had graduated from [[Tertiary education in Australia|university]] and moved away, the group ceased to be active.
Its critics point out that although George Cruickshank terms himself "Emperor George II" in his capacity as "head of state" of Atlantium, there is no empire, and no preceding Emperor George I.


In 1999 Cruickshank purchased an apartment in the inner Sydney suburb of [[Potts Point]], and soon after revived Atlantium, launching a website, which was instrumental in attracting new members. The {{convert|61|m2|sqft}} apartment, known as the Imperium Proper, became the second capital of Atlantium.<ref name="Historyof" /> Concordia became the third capital of Atlantium on 12 January 2008, when the rural {{convert|0.76|km2|sqmi}} Province of Aurora, approximately {{convert|350|km|mi}} southwest of Sydney, was created. The Atlantium website describes Aurora as Atlantium's "global administrative capital, ceremonial focal point and spiritual homeland".<ref>{{cite web|title=Province of Aurora|url=http://www.atlantium.org/territoryaurora.html|access-date=15 January 2008|publisher=Empire of Atlantium|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813084518/http://www.atlantium.org/territoryaurora.html|archive-date=13 August 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Its critics futher state that although Atlantium accepts applications for "citizenship" over the internet, it warns applicants that Atlantian "citizenship" does not supercede previously existing citizenships.


==Status and operations==
Since launching its website in late 2000, Atlantium has received some coverage in the international press.


The Atlantium website used several different self-descriptions, including "[[Self-declared states|self-declared state]]", "aspirant [[microstate]]" and "global [[sovereign state]]".<ref>{{cite web|title=Empire of Atlantium|url=http://www.atlantium.org|access-date=15 January 2008|publisher=Empire of Atlantium|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120721045034/http://www.atlantium.org/|archive-date=21 July 2012}}</ref> In line with its claim to be a "primarily non-territorial" state Atlantium does not maintain any formal territorial claims; however, it does promote the idea that Cruickshank's apartment, and the Province of Aurora, have [[extraterritorial]] status. In practice these properties remain under Australian [[jurisdiction]].


No established nation had recognised Atlantium's sovereignty claims, and it had no reciprocal [[Diplomacy|diplomatic relations]]. Atlantium had appointed "unaccredited diplomatic representatives" called "Imperial Legates" in the United States, [[Pakistan]], [[Poland]], Brazil, [[India]], Italy, [[Iran]], Singapore, [[Serbia]] and [[Switzerland]].<ref>{{cite news|title=The Empire of Atlantium|author=Charles Green|work=Cabinet Magazine|year=2005|url=http://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/18/blackson4.php}}</ref> The group had awarded "Imperial Honours" to various recipients, generally in recognition of political activism or for service to local communities.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Empire of Atlantium|title=Imperial News Service|url=http://www.atlantium.org/news.html|access-date=23 November 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822093232/http://www.atlantium.org/news.html|archive-date=22 August 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==External Link==

*[http://www.atlantium.org Official website]
==Stamps, coins and banknotes==

Stamps, coins and banknotes were sold by Atlantium, which used a decimal currency system of 100 imperial centi to the imperial solidus. Atlantium's website claimed that the profits from those sales are used for "the Empire's ongoing operations" as well as charitable causes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://www.atlantium.org/faq.html|access-date=15 January 2008|publisher=Empire of Atlantium|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717025654/http://www.atlantium.org/faq.html|archive-date=17 July 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The earliest documented media report referring to Atlantium is a 1984 [[Philately|philatelic]] magazine article<ref>{{cite news|title=Atlantium Empire|author=Bill Hornadge|work=[[Stamp News]]|date=September 1984|pages=196}}</ref> about its [[cinderella stamp]] releases. There were 12 issues of Atlantian stamps.

Atlantium minted coins,<ref>
{{cite news|title=The Empire Strikes a Coin|author=John Mulhall|work=The Australasian Coin & Banknote Magazine|date=July 2002|url=http://www.usns.info/pdf/Australian_Coin_Banknote_072002.pdf|access-date=2 October 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070307232742/http://www.usns.info/pdf/Australian_Coin_Banknote_072002.pdf|archive-date=7 March 2007|url-status=dead}}
</ref> though the levels of Atlantian economic activity remained low.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ministry of Finance|publisher=Empire of Atlantium|access-date=30 January 2008|url=http://www.atlantium.org/finance.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813084555/http://www.atlantium.org/finance.html|archive-date=13 August 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> The first coin was the 20th anniversary 10 solidi coin, which has a likeness of George Cruickshank as the obverse and the [[Eagle (heraldry)|imperial eagle]] as the reverse. In 2011, a 30 solidi coin was issued to commemorate the 30th anniversary of Atlantium. The coin had the likeness of George Cruickshank on the obverse and the [[wedge-tailed eagle]] (''Aquila audax'') on the reverse and was struck in [[cupronickel]] and plated with 9 carat gold. Banknotes of Atlantium were denominated in imperial solidi (10, 25, 50 and 100 imperial solidi) and are currently divided into a 2006 series and a 2007 series.<ref>[http://www.numismondo.net/pm/atm/ Banknotes of the Empire of Atlantium] Numismondo (www.numismondo.net). Retrieved on 14 February 2013.</ref>

==Citizenship==

{{As of|October 2015}}, Atlantium had almost 3,000 citizens from (and still therein residing due to the small area of the Empire of Atlantium) over 100 countries.<ref name="ABC_2015-10-18"/> The website names individuals holding such functions as minister, director, [[Magisterium|magister]] and imperial legate. Atlantium said its citizenship does not supersede existing citizenships. Atlantians contend that they are all dual citizens,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atlantium.org/state.html|title=Ministry of State|access-date=26 January 2008|publisher=Empire of Atlantium|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819234959/http://www.atlantium.org/state.html|archive-date=19 August 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> and that Atlantium actively encourages its citizens to participate in the political processes of their resident countries.

In late 2016, Atlantium stopped accepting citizenship requests according to a reply posted on the official Facebook page.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=10153984710516608&id=138061571607&comment_id=10154072283456608&reply_comment_id=10154124676186608&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R0%22%7D|title=Empire of Atlantium official Facebook portal comment on citizenship |access-date=10 July 2017 |publisher=Empire of Atlantium}}</ref> On 1 January 2018 the citizen application process was re-opened, charging a US$25 fee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Empire of Atlantium: CITIZENSHIP APPLICATIONS|url=https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=10155380514971608&id=138061571607|website=www.facebook.com|access-date=13 January 2018|language=en|date=1 January 2018}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of micronations]]
{{-}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{cite book|title=Micronations|author=John Ryan, George Dunford & Simon Sellars|publisher=Lonely Planet Publications|year=2006|isbn=1-74104-730-7|pages=74–77}}
* {{cite book|title=Unusual World Coins|author=Colin R Bruce|publisher=Krause Publications|year=2005|isbn=0-87349-793-7|page=10}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.crsi.mq.edu.au/documents/mobile_boundaries_rigid_worlds/lattas.pdf |title=DIY Sovereignty and the Popular Right in Australia|author=Judy Lattas|publisher=Macquarie University|date=March 2005}}
* {{cite news|title=Mini-states Down Under are sure they can secede|author=Nick Squires|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=2 February 2005}}
* {{cite news|title=If at first you don't secede...|author=Mark Dapin|author-link=Mark Dapin|work=The Sydney Morning Herald&nbsp;– Good Weekend|date=1 February 2005|pages=47–50}}
* {{cite news|title=His Majesty George II: The boy from Hurstville who now rules a big flat|author=Justin Norrie|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=7 May 2004|url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/05/06/1083635283807.html?oneclick=true|pages=3}}
* {{cite news|title=Micronations|author=Justin Norrie|work=HQ Magazine|date=November–December 2003|pages=90–93, 144–145}}
* {{cite news|title=The Empire Strikes a Coin|author=John Mulhall|work=The Australasian Coin & Banknote Magazine|date=July 2002|url=http://www.usns.info/pdf/Australian_Coin_Banknote_072002.pdf|access-date=2 October 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070307232742/http://www.usns.info/pdf/Australian_Coin_Banknote_072002.pdf|archive-date=7 March 2007|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite news|title=Passport to Pimlico&nbsp;– Aussie style|author=David Fickling|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=2 November 2002|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia/story/0,12070,843445,00.html}}
* {{cite news|title=The national madness of King George|author=Billy Adams|work=[[New Zealand Herald]]|date=2 August 2001}}
* {{cite news|title=Cea mai mica tara este intr-un apartment|author=Calin Stroila|work=[[Libertatea]] (Romania)|date=1 July 2001|pages=1}}
* {{cite news|title=Atlantium Empire|author=Bill Hornadge|work=[[Stamp News]]|date=September 1984|pages=196}}
* {{cite web|publisher=International Society of Worldwide Stamp Collectors|title=Worldwide Stamp Identifier: Bogus Issues|url=http://www.iswsc.org/iswsc_identbogus.html}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060109175531/http://www.atlantium.org/ Official website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121018104505/http://www.numismondo.com/pm/atm/ Atlantium Paper Money]

{{Micronations}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Atlantium}}
[[Category:Micronations in Australia]]
[[Category:1981 establishments in Australia]]

Latest revision as of 19:48, 31 July 2024

Empire of Atlantium
Imperium Atlantium
Micronation (unrecognised entity)
Location of Atlantium's Concordia Capital District in New South Wales, Australia
Location of Atlantium's Concordia Capital District in New South Wales, Australia
Typeprimarily non-territorial
Claimed byGeorge Francis Cruickshank
Dates claimed27 November 1981–present

The Empire of Atlantium is a micronation and secular, pluralist progressive lobby group[1] based in New South Wales, Australia.

Micronations: The Lonely Planet Guide to Home-Made Nations described Atlantium in 2006 as "a refreshing antidote to the reactionary self-aggrandisement of so many micronations", and "an extremely sophisticated nation-state experiment, as well as an entirely serious claimant to legitimate statehood". The book's entry on Atlantium notes its espousal of "progressive, liberal policies" and characterises it as a "secular humanist utopia".[2]

Among the causes Atlantium supports are the right to unrestricted international freedom of movement, the right to abortion, the right to assisted suicide[3] and decimal calendar reform.[4]

In 2015, the micronation had almost 3,000 "citizens", most of whom signed up online from over a hundred countries, and have never been to Atlantium.[5][6]

History

[edit]

Atlantium was established in 1981 by three Sydney teenagers – George Francis Cruickshank, Geoffrey John Duggan and Claire Marie Coulter (née Duggan). The three claimed a 10 square metres (110 sq ft) "provisional territory" in the southern suburb of Narwee as Atlantium's first capital, and declared Cruickshank to be Sovereign head of state, with the title "Emperor George II".[7][8] Geoffrey Duggan was elected as prime minister in 1982, serving until 1986. Damian Scott held the position from 1986 to 1988 and Kevin Fanucchi became Prime Minister in 1988, but by 1990, when the original group members had graduated from university and moved away, the group ceased to be active.

In 1999 Cruickshank purchased an apartment in the inner Sydney suburb of Potts Point, and soon after revived Atlantium, launching a website, which was instrumental in attracting new members. The 61 square metres (660 sq ft) apartment, known as the Imperium Proper, became the second capital of Atlantium.[8] Concordia became the third capital of Atlantium on 12 January 2008, when the rural 0.76 square kilometres (0.29 sq mi) Province of Aurora, approximately 350 kilometres (220 mi) southwest of Sydney, was created. The Atlantium website describes Aurora as Atlantium's "global administrative capital, ceremonial focal point and spiritual homeland".[9]

Status and operations

[edit]

The Atlantium website used several different self-descriptions, including "self-declared state", "aspirant microstate" and "global sovereign state".[10] In line with its claim to be a "primarily non-territorial" state Atlantium does not maintain any formal territorial claims; however, it does promote the idea that Cruickshank's apartment, and the Province of Aurora, have extraterritorial status. In practice these properties remain under Australian jurisdiction.

No established nation had recognised Atlantium's sovereignty claims, and it had no reciprocal diplomatic relations. Atlantium had appointed "unaccredited diplomatic representatives" called "Imperial Legates" in the United States, Pakistan, Poland, Brazil, India, Italy, Iran, Singapore, Serbia and Switzerland.[11] The group had awarded "Imperial Honours" to various recipients, generally in recognition of political activism or for service to local communities.[12]

Stamps, coins and banknotes

[edit]

Stamps, coins and banknotes were sold by Atlantium, which used a decimal currency system of 100 imperial centi to the imperial solidus. Atlantium's website claimed that the profits from those sales are used for "the Empire's ongoing operations" as well as charitable causes.[13]

The earliest documented media report referring to Atlantium is a 1984 philatelic magazine article[14] about its cinderella stamp releases. There were 12 issues of Atlantian stamps.

Atlantium minted coins,[15] though the levels of Atlantian economic activity remained low.[16] The first coin was the 20th anniversary 10 solidi coin, which has a likeness of George Cruickshank as the obverse and the imperial eagle as the reverse. In 2011, a 30 solidi coin was issued to commemorate the 30th anniversary of Atlantium. The coin had the likeness of George Cruickshank on the obverse and the wedge-tailed eagle (Aquila audax) on the reverse and was struck in cupronickel and plated with 9 carat gold. Banknotes of Atlantium were denominated in imperial solidi (10, 25, 50 and 100 imperial solidi) and are currently divided into a 2006 series and a 2007 series.[17]

Citizenship

[edit]

As of October 2015, Atlantium had almost 3,000 citizens from (and still therein residing due to the small area of the Empire of Atlantium) over 100 countries.[5] The website names individuals holding such functions as minister, director, magister and imperial legate. Atlantium said its citizenship does not supersede existing citizenships. Atlantians contend that they are all dual citizens,[18] and that Atlantium actively encourages its citizens to participate in the political processes of their resident countries.

In late 2016, Atlantium stopped accepting citizenship requests according to a reply posted on the official Facebook page.[19] On 1 January 2018 the citizen application process was re-opened, charging a US$25 fee.[20]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Links". Unrecognised States Numismatic Society. Archived from the original on 16 August 2012. Retrieved 15 January 2008.
  2. ^ John Ryan, George Dunford & Simon Sellars (2006). Micronations. Lonely Planet Publications. pp. 74–. ISBN 1-74104-730-7.
  3. ^ "Constitution of Atlantium". Empire of Atlantium. Archived from the original on 13 August 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2008.
  4. ^ "Decimal Time — Calendars — Annus Novus Decimal Calendar". John D Hynes. Archived from the original on 2 June 2008. Retrieved 30 January 2008.
  5. ^ a b Ewan Gilbert (18 October 2015). "Empire of Atlantium: Take a glimpse into Australia's smallest micronation". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  6. ^ Harold, Carl. "Garantin.com". Retrieved 11 April 2024.
  7. ^ Blackson, Robert (Summer 2005). "The Empire of Atlantium". Cabinet Magazine. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
  8. ^ a b "History of Atlantium". Empire of Atlantium. Archived from the original on 13 August 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2008.
  9. ^ "Province of Aurora". Empire of Atlantium. Archived from the original on 13 August 2012. Retrieved 15 January 2008.
  10. ^ "Empire of Atlantium". Empire of Atlantium. Archived from the original on 21 July 2012. Retrieved 15 January 2008.
  11. ^ Charles Green (2005). "The Empire of Atlantium". Cabinet Magazine.
  12. ^ "Imperial News Service". Empire of Atlantium. Archived from the original on 22 August 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2006.
  13. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". Empire of Atlantium. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 15 January 2008.
  14. ^ Bill Hornadge (September 1984). "Atlantium Empire". Stamp News. p. 196.
  15. ^ John Mulhall (July 2002). "The Empire Strikes a Coin" (PDF). The Australasian Coin & Banknote Magazine. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 March 2007. Retrieved 2 October 2006.
  16. ^ "Ministry of Finance". Empire of Atlantium. Archived from the original on 13 August 2012. Retrieved 30 January 2008.
  17. ^ Banknotes of the Empire of Atlantium Numismondo (www.numismondo.net). Retrieved on 14 February 2013.
  18. ^ "Ministry of State". Empire of Atlantium. Archived from the original on 19 August 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2008.
  19. ^ "Empire of Atlantium official Facebook portal comment on citizenship". Empire of Atlantium. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  20. ^ "Empire of Atlantium: CITIZENSHIP APPLICATIONS". www.facebook.com. 1 January 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2018.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • John Ryan, George Dunford & Simon Sellars (2006). Micronations. Lonely Planet Publications. pp. 74–77. ISBN 1-74104-730-7.
  • Colin R Bruce (2005). Unusual World Coins. Krause Publications. p. 10. ISBN 0-87349-793-7.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
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