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Coordinates: 32°40′37″N 117°14′41″W / 32.67694°N 117.24472°W / 32.67694; -117.24472
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{{Short description|US Navy installation in San Diego, California, United States}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox military installation
{{Infobox military installation
| name= Naval Base Point Loma
| name = Naval Base Point Loma
| ensign =
| location= [[San Diego, California]]
| ensign_size =
| image= U.S. Naval Base Point Loma insignia, 2018.png
| native_name =
| caption=
| partof = <!-- for elements within a larger site -->
| type= Military base
| location = [[San Diego, California|San Diego]], [[California]]
| controlledby= [[United States Navy]]
| nearest_town = <!-- used in military test site infobox -->
| built=
| country = the [[United States]]
| used= 1959–present
| image = File:Defense.gov News Photo 070930-N-4007G-003.jpg
| materials=
| alt =
| current_commander= Captain Brien W. Dickson
| caption = [[USS Nimitz|USS Nimitz (CVN 68)]] passes Naval Base Point Loma
| garrison= [[NBPL]]
| image2 = [[File:U.S. Naval Base Point Loma insignia, 2018.png|150px]]
| module = {{designation list|embed=yes|designation1=California|designation1_number=62|designation1_offname=Fort Rosecrans<ref name=CHL/>}}
| alt2 =
| caption2 =
| type =
| coordinates = {{Coord|32|40|37|N|117|14|41|W|display=title}}
| gridref =
| image_map =
| image_mapsize =
| image_map_alt =
| image_map_caption =
| pushpin_map = California#USA
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| pushpin_relief =
| pushpin_image =
| pushpin_label = NB Point Loma
| pushpin_label_position = top
| pushpin_mark =
| pushpin_marksize =
| ownership = [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]]
| operator = [[United States Navy|US Navy]]
| controlledby = [[Navy Region Southwest]]
| open_to_public = <!-- for out of use sites/sites with museums etc -->
| site_other_label = <!-- for renaming "Other facilities" in infobox -->
| site_other = <!-- for other sorts of facilities – radar types etc -->
| site_area = <!-- area of site m2, km2 square mile etc -->
| code = <!--facility/installation code -->
| built = {{Start date|1959}}
| used = 1959 – present <!--{{End date|1946}} -->
| builder =
| materials =
| height = <!-- height of tallest part, not above sea level -->
| length = <!-- for border fences or other DMZs -->
| fate = <!--changed from demolished parameter-->
| condition = Operational
| battles =
| events =
| current_commander = [[Captain (United States O-6)|Captain]] Jeff Yackeren
| past_commanders = <!-- past notable commander(s) -->
| garrison = <!-- such as the 25th Bombardment Group -->
| occupants = <!-- squadrons only -->
| designations =
| website = {{Official website|https://cnrsw.cnic.navy.mil/Installations/NAVBASE-Point-Loma/}}
| footnotes = <!-- catchall in case it's needed to preserve something in infobox that doesn't work in new code -->
| module = {{designation list
|embed=yes
|designation1=California
|designation1_number=62
|designation1_offname=Fort Rosecrans<ref name=CHL/>}}
}}
}}
Located in [[Point Loma]], a neighborhood of [[San Diego, California]], '''Naval Base Point Loma''' ('''NBPL''') was established on 1 October 1998 when Navy facilities in the Point Loma area of San Diego were consolidated under Commander, Navy Region Southwest. Naval Base Point Loma consists of seven facilities: Submarine Base, Naval Mine and Anti-Submarine Warfare Command (previously Fleet Anti-Submarine Warfare Command), Fleet Combat Training Center Pacific, [[Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command]] (SPAWAR), SPAWAR Systems Center, the Fleet Intelligence Command Pacific and [[Naval Consolidated Brig, Miramar]]. These close-knit commands form a diverse and highly technical hub of naval activity. The on-base population is around 22,000 Navy and civilian personnel.


'''Naval Base Point Loma''' ('''NBPL''') is a [[United States Navy]] base in [[Point Loma, San Diego|Point Loma]], a neighborhood of [[San Diego, California]]. It was established on 1 October 1998 when Navy facilities in the Point Loma area of San Diego were consolidated under Commander, [[Navy Region Southwest]]. Naval Base Point Loma consists of seven facilities: Submarine Base, Naval Mine and Anti-Submarine Warfare Command (previously Fleet Anti-Submarine Warfare Command), Fleet Combat Training Center Pacific, [[Naval Information Warfare Systems Command]] (NAVWAR), [[Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific]] (NIWC Pacific), the Fleet Intelligence Command Pacific and [[Naval Consolidated Brig, Miramar]]. These close-knit commands form a diverse and highly technical hub of naval activity. The on-base population is around 22,000 Navy and civilian personnel.
==Mission statement==
[[File:NavalBasePointLomaEntranceSignApr2014.JPG|thumb|left|200px|Outside entrance of Naval Base Point Loma]]
To provide direct day-to-day operation of base support functions and to ensure that the base best serves the Fleet and tenant commands. We are a regional team dedicated to providing the highest level of base operating support and quality of life services for all operating forces and shore activities on Naval Base Point Loma.


==History==
==History==
[[File:Fort Rosecrans.png|thumb|right|200px]]
[[File:Fort Rosecrans.png|thumb|right|200px]]
The history of Point Loma Naval Base begins in 1795. The Spanish began building a fort at the base of Point Guijarros, opposite the tip of North Island (Coronado). This fort was built on the land which is today known as Ballast Point. [[Fort Guijarros]] was later finished in 1798 and then abandoned by the Spanish in 1845. In 1846 United States [[Samuel Du Pont|Capt. Samuel Du Pont]], entered the abandoned land where the fort once stood and raised their flag. Shortly after in 1848 the [[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo]] ended the [[Mexican–American War]] and the Americans claimed Point Loma.
The history of Point Loma Naval Base begins in 1795. The Spanish began building a fort at the base of Point Guijarros, opposite the tip of North Island (Coronado). This fort was built on the land which is today known as Ballast Point. [[Fort Guijarros]] was later finished in 1798 and then abandoned by the Mexicans in 1845. In 1846 United States [[Samuel Du Pont|Capt. Samuel Du Pont]], entered the abandoned land where the fort once stood and raised the American flag. Shortly after in 1848 the [[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo]] ended the [[Mexican–American War]] and the Americans claimed Point Loma.


In February 1852 President [[Millard Fillmore]] set aside the southern portion of [[Point Loma]] of about {{convert|1400|acre|km2|0}} for [[military]] purposes. Subsequently, it was assigned to the U.S. Army and named '[http://www.fortwiki.com/Fort_Rosecrans Fort Rosecrans]', after General [[William Rosecrans]], an 1842 graduate of the [[U.S. Military Academy]]. In 1898 the [[United States Army|Army]] built a coast artillery installation on the site which remained active until 1945, when the University of California Division of War Research and the Navy Radio and Sound Laboratory occupied the site as the [[Navy Electronics Laboratory]] (NEL). NEL was renamed the Naval Ocean Systems Center (NOSC) in 1977<ref>{{cite book|title=Cabrillo: Shadows of the Past|url=http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/cabr4/chap5.htm|year=2005|publisher=National Park Service|chapter=5: Overview of Historical Military Architecture at Point Loma}}</ref> and incorporated into the [[Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command]] (SPAWAR) in 1997.
In February 1852 President [[Millard Fillmore]] set aside the southern portion of [[Point Loma]] of about {{convert|1400|acre|km2|0}} for [[military]] purposes. Subsequently, it was assigned to the U.S. Army and named '[http://www.fortwiki.com/Fort_Rosecrans Fort Rosecrans]', after [[Major General]] [[William Rosecrans]], an 1842 graduate of the [[U.S. Military Academy]]. In 1898 the [[United States Army|Army]] built a coast artillery installation on the site which remained active until 1945, when the University of California Division of War Research and the Navy Radio and Sound Laboratory occupied the site as the [[Navy Electronics Laboratory]] (NEL). NEL was renamed the Naval Ocean Systems Center (NOSC) in 1977<ref>{{cite book|title=Cabrillo: Shadows of the Past|url=http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/cabr4/chap5.htm|year=2005|publisher=National Park Service|chapter=5: Overview of Historical Military Architecture at Point Loma}}</ref> and incorporated into the [[Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command]] (SPAWAR) in 1997.


In 1932, the site of Fort Rosecrans was registered as [[California Historical Landmark]] #62.<ref name=CHL>{{cite ohp|62|Fort Rosecrans|2012-10-13}}</ref>
In 1932, the site of Fort Rosecrans was registered as [[California Historical Landmark]] #62.<ref name=CHL>{{cite ohp|62|Fort Rosecrans|2012-10-13}}</ref>
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[[File:NavBasePointLoma.jpg|thumb|220px|right|Aerial view of Naval Base Point Loma]]
[[File:NavBasePointLoma.jpg|thumb|220px|right|Aerial view of Naval Base Point Loma]]
Submarine Group, San Diego was established in 1946, and Submarine Flotilla 1 was activated in 1949. In 1959 Fort Rosecrans was turned over to the [[U.S. Navy]]. The Navy Submarine Support Facility was established in November 1963 on {{convert|280|acre|km2|1}} of the land.<ref>{{cite journal|author=La Tourette, Robert, LT USN |title=The San Diego Naval Complex |publisher=United States Naval Institute Proceedings |date=June 1968}}</ref> [[Bathyscaphe Trieste]] arrived at NEL in 1958; and modified [[Bathyscaphe Trieste II]] was based here from 1965 to 1984.<ref>[http://www.bathyscaphtrieste.com/ History of the Bathyscaph Trieste]</ref> On 27 November 1974 the base was re-designated a shore command, serving assigned submarines, Submarine Group Five, Submarine Squadron Three, Submarine Development Group One, the Submarine Training Facility and later, Submarine Squadron Eleven. On 1 October 1981 the base was designated as '''Naval Submarine Base San Diego''' (NAVSUBASE San Diego).
Submarine Group, San Diego was established in 1946, and Submarine Flotilla 1 was activated in 1949. In 1959 Fort Rosecrans was turned over to the [[United States Navy]]. The Navy Submarine Support Facility was established in November 1963 on {{convert|280|acre|km2|1}} of the land.<ref>{{cite journal|author=La Tourette, Robert, LT USN |title=The San Diego Naval Complex |publisher=United States Naval Institute Proceedings |date=June 1968}}</ref> [[Bathyscaphe Trieste]] arrived at NEL in 1958; and modified [[Bathyscaphe Trieste II]] was based here from 1965 to 1984.<ref>[http://www.bathyscaphtrieste.com/ History of the Bathyscaph Trieste]</ref> On 27 November 1974 the base was re-designated a shore command, serving assigned submarines, Submarine Group Five, Submarine Squadron Three, Submarine Development Group One, the Submarine Training Facility and later, Submarine Squadron Eleven. On 1 October 1981 the base was designated as '''Naval Submarine Base San Diego''' (NAVSUBASE San Diego).


Starting in April 1995, several commands were decommissioned or their homeports were changed to meet the post-[[Cold War]] down-sizing requirements of the Navy. Commands throughout San Diego were regionalized in an effort to provide equal or better base services while managing a reduced budget. The six naval installations on Point Loma were consolidated as Naval Base Point Loma on 1 October 1998.
Starting in April 1995, several commands were decommissioned or their homeports were changed to meet the post-[[Cold War]] downsizing requirements of the Navy. Commands throughout San Diego were regionalized in an effort to provide equal or better base services while managing a reduced budget. The six naval installations on Point Loma were consolidated as Naval Base Point Loma on 1 October 1998.

On March 13, 2023, Naval Base Point Loma was visited by President [[Joe Biden]] along with the prime ministers of Australia and the United Kingdom. The occasion was to announce an agreement among the allies to provide nuclear-powered attack submarines to Australia. This is believed to be the first time a sitting president has visited Naval Base Point Loma since its establishment in 1998.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofsandiego.com/military/2023/03/13/historic-visit-biden-2-allies-at-point-loma-base-for-nuclear-submarine-pact/|title='Historic' Visit: Biden, 2 Allies at Point Loma Base for Nuclear Submarine Pact|last=Stone|first=Ken|date=March 13, 2023|work=Times of San Diego|access-date=14 March 2023}}</ref>


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
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==Tenants==
==Tenants==


===Homeported submarines<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cnic.navy.mil/regions/cnrsw/installations/navbase_point_loma/about/tenant_commands.html | title=Commander, Navy Installations Command > Regions }}</ref>===
===Homeported submarines===
*{{USS|Alexandria|SSN-757}}
*{{USS|Alexandria|SSN-757}}
*{{USS|Scranton|SSN-756}}
*{{USS|Pasadena|SSN-752}}
*{{USS|Annapolis|SSN-760}}
*{{USS|Hampton|SSN-767}}
*{{USS|Hampton|SSN-767}}
*{{USS|Santa Fe|SSN-763}}
*{{USS|Scranton|SSN-756}}
*{{USS|Greenville|SSN-772}}
<!-- Pasadena moved to east coast per https://www.nvr.navy.mil/SHIPDETAILS/SHIPSDETAIL_SSN_752.HTML -->


===Torpedo Weapons Retrievers===
===[[United States Navy torpedo retrievers|Torpedo Weapons Retrievers]]===
*[[Devil Ray (TWR-6)]]
*[[Devil Ray (TWR-6)]]
The Devil Ray (ATWR-6) was transferred to the Naval Research Laboratory in early 2021 and now is home ported at NRL's Chesapeake Bay Detachment (NRL CBD) in Chesapeake Beach, MD. It is expected to be refitted to support NRL research efforts during the remainder of 2021.

*[[Swamp Fox (TWR-821)]]
*[[Swamp Fox (TWR-821)]]
*[[Narwhal (TWR-842)]]
*[[Narwhal (TWR-842)]]
Line 53: Line 106:
===Major commands===
===Major commands===
*Commander, [[U.S. Third Fleet]]
*Commander, [[U.S. Third Fleet]]
*[[Naval Mine and Anti-Submarine Warfare Command]] – Effective 1 October 2006, COMINEWARCOM (CMWC) and FLTASWCOM were merged and renamed as Naval Mine And Anti-Submarine Warfare Command (NMAWC). Pending NMAWC Corpus Christi (PLA: NMAWC Corpus Christi TX) relocation associated with BRAC action, NMAWC was multi-sited with the commander and Vice Commander and headquarters in San Diego (PLA: NMAWC San Diego CA). FLTASWCOM DET NORFOLK is renamed NMAWC DET NORFOLK VA (PLA: NMAWC DET Norfolk VA). NMAWC San Diego, in addition to commander NMAWC duties, continues to focus on ASW matters. NMAWC Corpus Christi continues to focus on MIW matters. Additionally, NMAWC Corpus Christi continues to function as the flag officer commanding the deployable mine warfare battle staff, providing technical advice, and conducting mine warfare operations as required; and coordinates the sourcing for the MCMRONS and MIW Triad Forces (AMCM/UMCM/SMCM).<ref>http://www.nmawc.navy.mil/AboutNMAWC.htm</ref>
*[[Naval Mine and Anti-Submarine Warfare Command]] – Effective 1 October 2006, COMINEWARCOM (CMWC) and FLTASWCOM were merged and renamed as Naval Mine And Anti-Submarine Warfare Command (NMAWC). Pending NMAWC Corpus Christi (PLA: NMAWC Corpus Christi TX) relocation associated with BRAC action, NMAWC was multi-sited with the commander and Vice Commander and headquarters in San Diego (PLA: NMAWC San Diego CA). FLTASWCOM DET NORFOLK is renamed NMAWC DET NORFOLK VA (PLA: NMAWC DET Norfolk VA). NMAWC San Diego, in addition to commander NMAWC duties, continues to focus on ASW matters. NMAWC Corpus Christi continues to focus on MIW matters. Additionally, NMAWC Corpus Christi continues to function as the flag officer commanding the deployable mine warfare battle staff, providing technical advice, and conducting mine warfare operations as required; and coordinates the sourcing for the MCMRONS and MIW Triad Forces (AMCM/UMCM/SMCM).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nmawc.navy.mil/AboutNMAWC.htm |title=Naval Mine and Anti-Submarine Warfare Command |access-date=6 June 2012 |archive-date=16 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816084013/http://www.nmawc.navy.mil/AboutNMAWC.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Submarine Squadron 11]]
*[[Submarine Squadron 11]]
*[[Military Sealift Command|Military Sealift Command, Pacific]]
*[[Military Sealift Command|Military Sealift Command, Pacific]]
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==See also==
==See also==
*[[Naval Training Center San Diego]]
*[[Naval Training Center San Diego]]
*[[United States Navy submarine bases]]


==Notes==
==Notes==
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==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Naval Base Point Loma}}
{{Commons category|Naval Base Point Loma}}
* [https://www.netc.navy.mil/centers/cscs/fasw/ Fleet Anti-Submarine Warfare Training Center]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120528000907/https://www.netc.navy.mil/centers/cscs/fasw/ Fleet Anti-Submarine Warfare Training Center]
*[https://www.cnic.navy.mil/PointLoma/index.htm Official Website]
*[https://www.cnic.navy.mil/PointLoma/index.htm Official Website]
* [http://cdsg.org/the-harbor-defenses-of-san-diego-cdsg/ Harbor Defenses of San Diego at the Coast Defense Study Group website]
* [http://cdsg.org/the-harbor-defenses-of-san-diego-cdsg/ Harbor Defenses of San Diego at the Coast Defense Study Group website]


{{Coord|32|40|37|N|117|14|41|W|display=title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{CAMilitary|state=autocollapse}}
{{CAMilitary|state=autocollapse}}


[[Category:United States Navy installations|Point Loma]]
[[Category:Installations of the United States Navy in California|Point Loma]]
[[Category:Military in San Diego]]
[[Category:Military in San Diego]]
[[Category:Military facilities in San Diego County, California]]
[[Category:Military facilities in San Diego County, California]]
[[Category:William Rosecrans]]
[[Category:Point Loma, San Diego]]
[[Category:Point Loma, San Diego]]
[[Category:San Diego Bay]]
[[Category:San Diego Bay]]

Latest revision as of 22:29, 21 August 2024

Naval Base Point Loma
San Diego, California in the United States
USS Nimitz (CVN 68) passes Naval Base Point Loma
NB Point Loma is located in California
NB Point Loma
NB Point Loma
NB Point Loma is located in the United States
NB Point Loma
NB Point Loma
Coordinates32°40′37″N 117°14′41″W / 32.67694°N 117.24472°W / 32.67694; -117.24472
Site information
OwnerDepartment of Defense
OperatorUS Navy
Controlled byNavy Region Southwest
ConditionOperational
WebsiteOfficial website
Site history
Built1959 (1959)
In use1959 – present
Garrison information
Current
commander
Captain Jeff Yackeren
Official nameFort Rosecrans[1]
Reference no.62

Naval Base Point Loma (NBPL) is a United States Navy base in Point Loma, a neighborhood of San Diego, California. It was established on 1 October 1998 when Navy facilities in the Point Loma area of San Diego were consolidated under Commander, Navy Region Southwest. Naval Base Point Loma consists of seven facilities: Submarine Base, Naval Mine and Anti-Submarine Warfare Command (previously Fleet Anti-Submarine Warfare Command), Fleet Combat Training Center Pacific, Naval Information Warfare Systems Command (NAVWAR), Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific (NIWC Pacific), the Fleet Intelligence Command Pacific and Naval Consolidated Brig, Miramar. These close-knit commands form a diverse and highly technical hub of naval activity. The on-base population is around 22,000 Navy and civilian personnel.

History

[edit]

The history of Point Loma Naval Base begins in 1795. The Spanish began building a fort at the base of Point Guijarros, opposite the tip of North Island (Coronado). This fort was built on the land which is today known as Ballast Point. Fort Guijarros was later finished in 1798 and then abandoned by the Mexicans in 1845. In 1846 United States Capt. Samuel Du Pont, entered the abandoned land where the fort once stood and raised the American flag. Shortly after in 1848 the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican–American War and the Americans claimed Point Loma.

In February 1852 President Millard Fillmore set aside the southern portion of Point Loma of about 1,400 acres (6 km2) for military purposes. Subsequently, it was assigned to the U.S. Army and named 'Fort Rosecrans', after Major General William Rosecrans, an 1842 graduate of the U.S. Military Academy. In 1898 the Army built a coast artillery installation on the site which remained active until 1945, when the University of California Division of War Research and the Navy Radio and Sound Laboratory occupied the site as the Navy Electronics Laboratory (NEL). NEL was renamed the Naval Ocean Systems Center (NOSC) in 1977[2] and incorporated into the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR) in 1997.

In 1932, the site of Fort Rosecrans was registered as California Historical Landmark #62.[1]

From February 1940 through October 1944 Fort Rosecrans was garrisoned by the 19th Coast Artillery Regiment.[3]

Aerial view of Naval Base Point Loma

Submarine Group, San Diego was established in 1946, and Submarine Flotilla 1 was activated in 1949. In 1959 Fort Rosecrans was turned over to the United States Navy. The Navy Submarine Support Facility was established in November 1963 on 280 acres (1.1 km2) of the land.[4] Bathyscaphe Trieste arrived at NEL in 1958; and modified Bathyscaphe Trieste II was based here from 1965 to 1984.[5] On 27 November 1974 the base was re-designated a shore command, serving assigned submarines, Submarine Group Five, Submarine Squadron Three, Submarine Development Group One, the Submarine Training Facility and later, Submarine Squadron Eleven. On 1 October 1981 the base was designated as Naval Submarine Base San Diego (NAVSUBASE San Diego).

Starting in April 1995, several commands were decommissioned or their homeports were changed to meet the post-Cold War downsizing requirements of the Navy. Commands throughout San Diego were regionalized in an effort to provide equal or better base services while managing a reduced budget. The six naval installations on Point Loma were consolidated as Naval Base Point Loma on 1 October 1998.

On March 13, 2023, Naval Base Point Loma was visited by President Joe Biden along with the prime ministers of Australia and the United Kingdom. The occasion was to announce an agreement among the allies to provide nuclear-powered attack submarines to Australia. This is believed to be the first time a sitting president has visited Naval Base Point Loma since its establishment in 1998.[6]

[edit]
Naval Health Research Center at Naval Base Point Loma

Tenants

[edit]

Homeported submarines[7]

[edit]

The Devil Ray (ATWR-6) was transferred to the Naval Research Laboratory in early 2021 and now is home ported at NRL's Chesapeake Bay Detachment (NRL CBD) in Chesapeake Beach, MD. It is expected to be refitted to support NRL research efforts during the remainder of 2021.

Major commands

[edit]
  • Commander, U.S. Third Fleet
  • Naval Mine and Anti-Submarine Warfare Command – Effective 1 October 2006, COMINEWARCOM (CMWC) and FLTASWCOM were merged and renamed as Naval Mine And Anti-Submarine Warfare Command (NMAWC). Pending NMAWC Corpus Christi (PLA: NMAWC Corpus Christi TX) relocation associated with BRAC action, NMAWC was multi-sited with the commander and Vice Commander and headquarters in San Diego (PLA: NMAWC San Diego CA). FLTASWCOM DET NORFOLK is renamed NMAWC DET NORFOLK VA (PLA: NMAWC DET Norfolk VA). NMAWC San Diego, in addition to commander NMAWC duties, continues to focus on ASW matters. NMAWC Corpus Christi continues to focus on MIW matters. Additionally, NMAWC Corpus Christi continues to function as the flag officer commanding the deployable mine warfare battle staff, providing technical advice, and conducting mine warfare operations as required; and coordinates the sourcing for the MCMRONS and MIW Triad Forces (AMCM/UMCM/SMCM).[8]
  • Submarine Squadron 11
  • Military Sealift Command, Pacific

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Fort Rosecrans". Office of Historic Preservation, California State Parks. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
  2. ^ "5: Overview of Historical Military Architecture at Point Loma". Cabrillo: Shadows of the Past. National Park Service. 2005.
  3. ^ Gaines, William C., Coast Artillery Organizational History, 1917–1950, Coast Defense Journal, vol. 23, issue 2, p. 13
  4. ^ La Tourette, Robert, LT USN (June 1968). "The San Diego Naval Complex". United States Naval Institute Proceedings. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ History of the Bathyscaph Trieste
  6. ^ Stone, Ken (13 March 2023). "'Historic' Visit: Biden, 2 Allies at Point Loma Base for Nuclear Submarine Pact". Times of San Diego. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  7. ^ "Commander, Navy Installations Command > Regions".
  8. ^ "Naval Mine and Anti-Submarine Warfare Command". Archived from the original on 16 August 2009. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
[edit]
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