Maronite Cypriots
 Maronite Cypriots in traditional folk costume | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 13,170 (2021)[1] | |
| Languages | |
| Cypriot Arabic, Cypriot Greek | |
| Religion | |
| Maronite Church – Catholic Christianity | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Maronites, Lebanese people, Lebanese Cypriots, Greek Cypriots, Turkish Cypriots, Armenian Cypriots |
Maronite Cypriots are an ethnoreligious group and are members of the Maronite Catholic Archeparchy of Cyprus whose ancestors migrated from the Levant during the Middle Ages. A percentage of them traditionally speak a variety of Arabic known as Cypriot Arabic, in addition to Greek. People speaking this Arabic dialect originate from one village, specifically Kormakitis. As Eastern Catholics of the West Syriac Rite, they are in full communion with the Catholic Church of Rome.
As of 2018[update] the Archbishop of Cyprus was Youssef Soueif, born in Chekka, Lebanon on 14 July 1962. He was ordained Archbishop on 6 December 2008 at the Basilica of Our Lady of Lebanon-Harissa by the Patriarch Cardinal Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir. The Mass of Enthronement was held at the Maronite Cathedral of Our Lady of Graces in Nicosia, Cyprus on 21 December 2008. He succeeded the Emeritus Archbishop of Cyprus Boutros Gemayel, who lived in Lebanon until his death in 2021.
Legal status
[edit]Legally defined in the Constitution of Cyprus as a religious group within the Greek Cypriot community, which they chose to join by vote just before independence alongside their fellow Roman Catholics of the Latin Rite and the Armenians. While Maronites are part of the Greek Cypriot electoral register when voting for president and members of the house of representatives, they also vote for a special representative that is not an MP but corresponds to the now non functioning communal chambers of the Greek and Turkish communities.[2]
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Demographics
[edit]In the 13th century there were about 50,000 Maronites in Cyprus, living in 60 villages. There is no evidence about this number. Most came to Cyprus with the Crusaders who retreated to Cyprus following their defeat in Levant. However, the reported number of Maronites in Levant at that time was approximately 40,000 people, so it is unlikely that the number of people arriving ro Cyprus, be more. The estimated number of Maronites, who, as mentioned lived in 60 small mixed with local population, villages in Cyprus, mainly in Pentadaktylos and Karpas area, is approximately 12 to 13,000 people. Many of these returned to Levant during Venetian rule of Cyprus, due to the heavy taxes and this explains their reduction to approximately 2,000 souls at the beginning of the Ottoman rule of Cyprus.
The number of Maronites kept declining through the Ottoman rule; 19 Maronite villages were recorded in 1599 by Girolamo Dardini, in 1629, Pietro Vespa records that the community of 1500 Maronites is served by 11 priests, in 8 churches; Giovanni Battista da Todi records 800 Maronites, distributed across 10 villages, and served by 12 priests, in 1647, but fourteen years later, in 1661, he counts only eight villages with Maronite populations 125. In 1669, we find 1,000 souls distributed in 10 villages. Dominique Jauna records a total of 1,000 Maronites and Armenians, around 1747. In 1776, the patriarchate of Lebanon lists 500 Maronites. The 1841 Ottoman census of Talaat Effendi gave a figure of 1,400 Maronites, including 100 in the kaza of Morfou, 1,000 in that of Lapithos-Cérines, 300 in that of Nicosia. In the 1891 census, out of 209,286 Cypriots 1,131 were Maronites, the figure rose to 1,350 in 1921 and 1,704 in 1931.[3][4][5]
Until the Turkish invasion of 1974, the town of Kormakitis was known as a centre of Maronite culture.[6] Kormakitis village, was inhabited by approximately 50% of the Maronites of Cyprus. Its characteristic is that its people, mainly the elderly, spoke their own dialect, not spoken by Maronites living in the other villages. The dialect was obviously an Arabic dialect influenced by the local languages, Greek and Turkish.
According to the 1960 census, there were 2,752 Maronites, mainly in the four northern villages of Kormakitis, Karpaseia, Asomatos, and Agia Marina. Following the hostilities between the Greek and Turkish communities that led to the de facto division of Cyprus, most Maronites dispersed to the south. Only about 150 mostly elderly people remained within Northern Cyprus. As of 2010[update], the total estimated population is about 5,000–6,000, primarily in the southern area of Nicosia.[3][7]
75% of Maronites live in Nicosia, 15% in Limassol, and 5% in Larnaca.[6]
See also
[edit]- Cypriot Maronite Arabic
- Lebanese Arabic
- Lebanese people in Cyprus
- Greek Cypriots
- Maronite Church
- Roman Catholicism in Cyprus
- Human rights in Northern Cyprus
References
[edit]- ^ "Archdiocese of Cipro (Maronite)". Catholic-Hierarchy. David M. Cheney. 17 March 2023.
- ^ "Minority Languages in Education on Cyprus and Malta". Mercator-Education. Ljouwert/Leeuwarden: European Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning. Archived from the original on 13 February 2010. Retrieved 11 February 2010.
- ^ a b Mirbagheri, Farid (2010). Historical dictionary of Cyprus. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810855267.
- ^ Altın, Işıl; Keser, Ulvi. "A Cross-Sectional View of The Forgotten Peace Ambassadors of TRNC; Maronites and Things That Were Done and Could Not Be Done" (PDF). Motif Academy Journal of Ethnology. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
- ^ Grivaud, Gilles (1997). "Les minorités orientales à Chypre (époques médiévale et moderne)". Chypre et la Méditerranée orientale. p. 57.
- ^ a b Phrankesku, Marianna; Hadjukyra, Alexander-Michaēl (2012). The Maronites of Cyprus. Press and Information Office. Republic of Cyprus. ISBN 978-9963-50-168-7.
- ^ Spinthourakis, Julia-Athena; et al. (November 2008). "Education Policies to Address Social Inequalities: Cyprus Country Report" (PDF). Department of Elementary Education. University of Patras. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 11 February 2010.
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