تر

See also: ـتر, پز, پر, بز, تز, ثر, بر, بژ, ير, and یر

Arabic

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Aramaic תּוֹרָא (tōrā, “line, row; cord, band”), from Akkadian 𒄙 (/⁠turru, ṭurru⁠/, “yarn, twine, wire, string; a twist of fibers”), considered possibly a loan from or influenced by Sumerian 𒄙 (dur, “strip”) or natively inherited from Proto-Semitic *t-w-r- (“to go about, to circle, to turn about, to encompass, to come around again; plaiting, braiding”). Also compare Hebrew תּוֹר (tōr, “line”) and potentially related term Persian تار (târ, “cord, string”) possibly influenced by phono-semantic matching.

Noun

تُرّ • (turr) m

1. plumb line

   Synonyms: إِمَام (ʔimām), شَاقُول (šāqūl), مِطْمَار (miṭmār), مِطْمَر (miṭmar), فَادِن (fādin)

Declension

Declension of noun تُرّ (turr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تُرّ turr	التُّرّ at-turr	تُرّ turr
Nominative	تُرٌّ turrun	التُّرُّ at-turru	تُرُّ turru
Accusative	تُرًّا turran	التُّرَّ at-turra	تُرَّ turra
Genitive	تُرٍّ turrin	التُّرِّ at-turri	تُرِّ turri

Verb

تَرَّ • (tarra) I (non-past يَتُرُّ (yaturru) or يَتِرُّ (yatirru), verbal noun تَرّ (tarr) or تُرُور (turūr))

1. to become severed, to become cut off

Conjugation

    Conjugation of تَرَّ (I, geminate, a ~ u/i, no passive, verbal nouns تَرّ, تُرُور)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَرّ, تُرُور tarr, turūr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						تَارّ tārr
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	تَرَرْتُ tarartu	تَرَرْتَ tararta	تَرَّ tarra		تَرَرْتُمَا tarartumā	تَرَّا tarrā		تَرَرْنَا tararnā	تَرَرْتُمْ tarartum	تَرُّوا tarrū
	f		تَرَرْتِ tararti	تَرَّتْ tarrat			تَرَّتَا tarratā			تَرَرْتُنَّ tarartunna	تَرَرْنَ tararna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَتُرُّ, أَتِرُّ ʔaturru, ʔatirru	تَتُرُّ, تَتِرُّ taturru, tatirru	يَتُرُّ, يَتِرُّ yaturru, yatirru		تَتُرَّانِ, تَتِرَّانِ taturrāni, tatirrāni	يَتُرَّانِ, يَتِرَّانِ yaturrāni, yatirrāni		نَتُرُّ, نَتِرُّ naturru, natirru	تَتُرُّونَ, تَتِرُّونَ taturrūna, tatirrūna	يَتُرُّونَ, يَتِرُّونَ yaturrūna, yatirrūna
	f		تَتُرِّينَ, تَتِرِّينَ taturrīna, tatirrīna	تَتُرُّ, تَتِرُّ taturru, tatirru			تَتُرَّانِ, تَتِرَّانِ taturrāni, tatirrāni			تَتْرُرْنَ, تَتْرِرْنَ tatrurna, tatrirna	يَتْرُرْنَ, يَتْرِرْنَ yatrurna, yatrirna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَتُرَّ, أَتِرَّ ʔaturra, ʔatirra	تَتُرَّ, تَتِرَّ taturra, tatirra	يَتُرَّ, يَتِرَّ yaturra, yatirra		تَتُرَّا, تَتِرَّا taturrā, tatirrā	يَتُرَّا, يَتِرَّا yaturrā, yatirrā		نَتُرَّ, نَتِرَّ naturra, natirra	تَتُرُّوا, تَتِرُّوا taturrū, tatirrū	يَتُرُّوا, يَتِرُّوا yaturrū, yatirrū
	f		تَتُرِّي, تَتِرِّي taturrī, tatirrī	تَتُرَّ, تَتِرَّ taturra, tatirra			تَتُرَّا, تَتِرَّا taturrā, tatirrā			تَتْرُرْنَ, تَتْرِرْنَ tatrurna, tatrirna	يَتْرُرْنَ, يَتْرِرْنَ yatrurna, yatrirna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَتُرَّ, أَتُرِّ, أَتْرُرْ, أَتِرَّ, أَتِرِّ, أَتْرِرْ ʔaturra, ʔaturri, ʔatrur, ʔatirra, ʔatirri, ʔatrir	تَتُرَّ, تَتُرِّ, تَتْرُرْ, تَتِرَّ, تَتِرِّ, تَتْرِرْ taturra, taturri, tatrur, tatirra, tatirri, tatrir	يَتُرَّ, يَتُرِّ, يَتْرُرْ, يَتِرَّ, يَتِرِّ, يَتْرِرْ yaturra, yaturri, yatrur, yatirra, yatirri, yatrir		تَتُرَّا, تَتِرَّا taturrā, tatirrā	يَتُرَّا, يَتِرَّا yaturrā, yatirrā		نَتُرَّ, نَتُرِّ, نَتْرُرْ, نَتِرَّ, نَتِرِّ, نَتْرِرْ naturra, naturri, natrur, natirra, natirri, natrir	تَتُرُّوا, تَتِرُّوا taturrū, tatirrū	يَتُرُّوا, يَتِرُّوا yaturrū, yatirrū
	f		تَتُرِّي, تَتِرِّي taturrī, tatirrī	تَتُرَّ, تَتُرِّ, تَتْرُرْ, تَتِرَّ, تَتِرِّ, تَتْرِرْ taturra, taturri, tatrur, tatirra, tatirri, tatrir			تَتُرَّا, تَتِرَّا taturrā, tatirrā			تَتْرُرْنَ, تَتْرِرْنَ tatrurna, tatrirna	يَتْرُرْنَ, يَتْرِرْنَ yatrurna, yatrirna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		تُرَّ, تُرِّ, اُتْرُرْ, تِرَّ, تِرِّ, اِتْرِرْ turra, turri, utrur, tirra, tirri, itrir			تُرَّا, تِرَّا turrā, tirrā				تُرُّوا, تِرُّوا turrū, tirrū
	f		تُرِّي, تِرِّي turrī, tirrī							اُتْرُرْنَ, اِتْرِرْنَ utrurna, itrirna

Noun

تَرّ • (tarr) m

1. verbal noun of تَرَّ (tarra) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun تَرّ (tarr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تَرّ tarr	التَّرّ at-tarr	تَرّ tarr
Nominative	تَرٌّ tarrun	التَّرُّ at-tarru	تَرُّ tarru
Accusative	تَرًّا tarran	التَّرَّ at-tarra	تَرَّ tarra
Genitive	تَرٍّ tarrin	التَّرِّ at-tarri	تَرِّ tarri

Etymology 2

Verb

تر (form I)

1. تَرَ (tara) /ta.ra/: inflection of رَأَى (raʔā):
   1. second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive
   2. third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive
2. تُرَ (tura) /tu.ra/: inflection of رَأَى (raʔā):
   1. second-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive
   2. third-person feminine singular non-past passive jussive

Etymology 3

Verb

تِرْ • (tir) (form I) /tir/

1. second-person masculine singular imperative of وَتَرَ (watara)

Etymology 4

Verb

تر (form IV)

1. تُرِ (turi) /tu.ri/: inflection of أَرَى (ʔarā):
   1. second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive
   2. third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive
2. تُرَ (tura) /tu.ra/: inflection of أَرَى (ʔarā):
   1. second-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive
   2. third-person feminine singular non-past passive jussive

References

• “twr⁴”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “تر”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 142
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 255
• Freytag, Georg (1830) “تر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 187
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “تر”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[3] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 194
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “تر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[4], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 299–300
• Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎^[5] (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 332
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “تر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[6], London: W.H. Allen, page 168
• Wahrmund, Adolf (1887) “تر”, in Handwörterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache‎^[7] (in German), volume 1, Gießen: J. Ricker’sche Buchhandlung, page 310
• Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 35

Azerbaijani

Noun

تر (definite accusative تری, plural ترلر)

1. Arabic spelling of tər

Central Kurdish

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *-tarah, from Proto-Indo-European *-teros.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɪɾ/

Suffix

-تِر (-tir)

1. A suffix forming the comparative degree of an adjective.

See also

• -تِرین (-tirîn)

Khalaj

Noun

تَر (tər) (definite accusative تَری, plural تَرلَر)

1. Arabic spelling of tər (“sweat”)

Declension

Declension of تر

	singular	plural
nominative	تر	ترلَر
genitive	ترۆݧ	ترلَریݧ
dative	ترکه	ترلَرکه
definite accusative	ترۆ	ترلَری
locative	ترچه	ترلَرچه
ablative	ترده	ترلَرده
instrumental	ترله	ترلَرله
equative	تروارا	ترلَروارا

Kipchak

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *tẹr (“sweat”).

Noun

تر (tär)

1. sweat

Descendants

• North Kipchak
  • Bashkir: тир (tir)
  • Tatar: тир (tir)
• West Kipchak
  • Crimean Tatar: ter
  • Karachay-Balkar: тер (ter)
  • Karaim: тэр
  • Kumyk: тер (ter)
• Central Kipchak
  • Karakalpak: тер
  • Kazakh: тер (ter)
  • Nogai: тер (ter)
• East Kipchak
  • Kyrgyz: тер (ter)
  • Southern Altai: тер (ter)

References

• Houtsma, Martin Theodor (1894) Ein türkisch-arabisches Glossar, nach der Leidener Handschrift herausgegeben und erläutert‎^[8], Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 66
• Houtsma, Martin Theodor (1894) Ein türkisch-arabisches Glossar, nach der Leidener Handschrift herausgegeben und erläutert‎^[9], Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 21 (٢١)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *tẹr (“sweat”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tɛɾ]

Noun

تر • (ter)

2. sweat (also figurative)

Related terms

• ترلمك, ترله‌مك (terlemek, “to sweat”)
• ترلتمك (terletmek, “to make sweat”)
• ترلی (terli, “having sweated”)

Descendants

• Turkish: ter

Etymology 2

Onomatopoeic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tɯɾ]

Interjection

تر • (tır)

2. used to imitate a tremble or vibrating sound, falling nails or the like, also a cat’s purr

Alternative forms

• تیر (tır), طر (tır, dır)

Related terms

• طرطر (dırdır, “grumble, buzz”)
• طرطرلی (dırdırlı, “engrailed”)

Etymology 3

From Persian تر (tar).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tɛɾ]

Noun

تر • (ter)

2. humid, wet, moist, damp

   Synonym: یاش (yaş)

4. fresh, not flaccid, juicy

   Synonym: تازه (taze)

   تر و تازه ― ter ve taze, terütaze ― fresh and juicy

Descendants

• Turkish: ter

Etymology 4

From Persian ـتر (-tar).

Adverb

تر • (ter)

2. more than the others, excessively, much, quite (also in compounds, and written together or not)

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (tl’, LCDr /⁠tarr⁠/, “wet, moist”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [taɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰæɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	tar
Dari reading?	tar
Iranian reading?	tar
Tajik reading?	tar

Adjective

تر • (tar)

2. moist, wet

Related terms

• تره (tare)