سوف

See also: شوق, سوق, and شوف

Arabic

Etymology

Borrowed from Aramaic סוֹף / ܣܘܦ (sōp̄, “limit, end”),^[1] which was used in various adverbial uses such as “after”, “in the end”. Compare the same word pervading the Hebrew language as סוֹף (sōp̄, “end”) in later usage, and Hebrew טֶרֶם (térem, “before; not yet”) cognate to طَرْمَة (ṭarma, “upper lip; edge, protrusion”).

From the Arabic particle, it was natural to form a form II verb “to put off in the future”, said of someone who commits to do something (سَوْفَ أَفْعَلُ (sawfa ʔafʕalu, “I will do”), and less well-known form I سَافَ (sāfa) meaning “to endure” and “to smell” as sensory anticipation, whence ”to hunt”, and form III سَاوِفَ (sāwifa, “to smell; to say in private; to compress, to go in unto”), and notably مَسَافَة (masāfa, “distance, interval”).

Particle

سَوْفَ • (sawfa)

added to an imperfect (present) verb form to express future tense: will
يَقْرَأُ كِتَابًا، سَوْفَ يَقْرَأُ كِتَابًا
yaqraʔu kitāban, sawfa yaqraʔu kitāban
He is reading a book, he will read a book.

Synonyms

سَـ (sa-)

Antonyms

لَنْ (lan)

Verb

سَوَّفَ • (sawwafa) II (non-past يُسَوِّفُ (yusawwifu), verbal noun تَسْوِيف (taswīf))

to postpone, delay, procrastinate, to put off a person or thing
(obsolete) to commission to, to charge

Conjugation

Conjugation of سَوَّفَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَسْوِيف)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَسْوِيف taswīf
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُسَوِّف musawwif
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُسَوَّف musawwaf
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سَوَّفْتُ sawwaftu	سَوَّفْتَ sawwafta	سَوَّفَ sawwafa	سَوَّفْتُمَا sawwaftumā	سَوَّفَا sawwafā	سَوَّفْنَا sawwafnā	سَوَّفْتُمْ sawwaftum	سَوَّفُوا sawwafū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	سَوَّفْتُ sawwaftu	سَوَّفْتِ sawwafti	سَوَّفَتْ sawwafat	سَوَّفْتُمَا sawwaftumā	سَوَّفَتَا sawwafatā	سَوَّفْنَا sawwafnā	سَوَّفْتُنَّ sawwaftunna	سَوَّفْنَ sawwafna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُسَوِّفُ ʔusawwifu	تُسَوِّفُ tusawwifu	يُسَوِّفُ yusawwifu	تُسَوِّفَانِ tusawwifāni	يُسَوِّفَانِ yusawwifāni	نُسَوِّفُ nusawwifu	تُسَوِّفُونَ tusawwifūna	يُسَوِّفُونَ yusawwifūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُسَوِّفُ ʔusawwifu	تُسَوِّفِينَ tusawwifīna	تُسَوِّفُ tusawwifu	تُسَوِّفَانِ tusawwifāni	تُسَوِّفَانِ tusawwifāni	نُسَوِّفُ nusawwifu	تُسَوِّفْنَ tusawwifna	يُسَوِّفْنَ yusawwifna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُسَوِّفَ ʔusawwifa	تُسَوِّفَ tusawwifa	يُسَوِّفَ yusawwifa	تُسَوِّفَا tusawwifā	يُسَوِّفَا yusawwifā	نُسَوِّفَ nusawwifa	تُسَوِّفُوا tusawwifū	يُسَوِّفُوا yusawwifū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُسَوِّفَ ʔusawwifa	تُسَوِّفِي tusawwifī	تُسَوِّفَ tusawwifa	تُسَوِّفَا tusawwifā	تُسَوِّفَا tusawwifā	نُسَوِّفَ nusawwifa	تُسَوِّفْنَ tusawwifna	يُسَوِّفْنَ yusawwifna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُسَوِّفْ ʔusawwif	تُسَوِّفْ tusawwif	يُسَوِّفْ yusawwif	تُسَوِّفَا tusawwifā	يُسَوِّفَا yusawwifā	نُسَوِّفْ nusawwif	تُسَوِّفُوا tusawwifū	يُسَوِّفُوا yusawwifū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُسَوِّفْ ʔusawwif	تُسَوِّفِي tusawwifī	تُسَوِّفْ tusawwif	تُسَوِّفَا tusawwifā	تُسَوِّفَا tusawwifā	نُسَوِّفْ nusawwif	تُسَوِّفْنَ tusawwifna	يُسَوِّفْنَ yusawwifna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		سَوِّفْ sawwif		سَوِّفَا sawwifā			سَوِّفُوا sawwifū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		سَوِّفِي sawwifī		سَوِّفَا sawwifā			سَوِّفْنَ sawwifna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سُوِّفْتُ suwwiftu	سُوِّفْتَ suwwifta	سُوِّفَ suwwifa	سُوِّفْتُمَا suwwiftumā	سُوِّفَا suwwifā	سُوِّفْنَا suwwifnā	سُوِّفْتُمْ suwwiftum	سُوِّفُوا suwwifū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	سُوِّفْتُ suwwiftu	سُوِّفْتِ suwwifti	سُوِّفَتْ suwwifat	سُوِّفْتُمَا suwwiftumā	سُوِّفَتَا suwwifatā	سُوِّفْنَا suwwifnā	سُوِّفْتُنَّ suwwiftunna	سُوِّفْنَ suwwifna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُسَوَّفُ ʔusawwafu	تُسَوَّفُ tusawwafu	يُسَوَّفُ yusawwafu	تُسَوَّفَانِ tusawwafāni	يُسَوَّفَانِ yusawwafāni	نُسَوَّفُ nusawwafu	تُسَوَّفُونَ tusawwafūna	يُسَوَّفُونَ yusawwafūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُسَوَّفُ ʔusawwafu	تُسَوَّفِينَ tusawwafīna	تُسَوَّفُ tusawwafu	تُسَوَّفَانِ tusawwafāni	تُسَوَّفَانِ tusawwafāni	نُسَوَّفُ nusawwafu	تُسَوَّفْنَ tusawwafna	يُسَوَّفْنَ yusawwafna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُسَوَّفَ ʔusawwafa	تُسَوَّفَ tusawwafa	يُسَوَّفَ yusawwafa	تُسَوَّفَا tusawwafā	يُسَوَّفَا yusawwafā	نُسَوَّفَ nusawwafa	تُسَوَّفُوا tusawwafū	يُسَوَّفُوا yusawwafū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُسَوَّفَ ʔusawwafa	تُسَوَّفِي tusawwafī	تُسَوَّفَ tusawwafa	تُسَوَّفَا tusawwafā	تُسَوَّفَا tusawwafā	نُسَوَّفَ nusawwafa	تُسَوَّفْنَ tusawwafna	يُسَوَّفْنَ yusawwafna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُسَوَّفْ ʔusawwaf	تُسَوَّفْ tusawwaf	يُسَوَّفْ yusawwaf	تُسَوَّفَا tusawwafā	يُسَوَّفَا yusawwafā	نُسَوَّفْ nusawwaf	تُسَوَّفُوا tusawwafū	يُسَوَّفُوا yusawwafū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُسَوَّفْ ʔusawwaf	تُسَوَّفِي tusawwafī	تُسَوَّفْ tusawwaf	تُسَوَّفَا tusawwafā	تُسَوَّفَا tusawwafā	نُسَوَّفْ nusawwaf	تُسَوَّفْنَ tusawwafna	يُسَوَّفْنَ yusawwafna

References

^ Haupt, Paul (1917) “Syriac sífṯâ, lip, and sáu̮pâ, end”, in Journal of the Society of Oriental Research‎^[1], volume 1, page 92

[1] Haupt, Paul (1917) “Syriac sífṯâ, lip, and sáu̮pâ, end”, in Journal of the Society of Oriental Research‎^[1], volume 1, page 92

[1]